scholarly journals Genetically Modified T-Cell Therapy for Osteosarcoma: Into the Roaring 2020s

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-131
Author(s):  
Christopher DeRenzo ◽  
Stephen Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
T Cell Therapy

scholarly journals Genetically Modified T-Cell-Based Adoptive Immunotherapy in Hematological Malignancies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baixin Ye ◽  
Creed M. Stary ◽  
Qingping Gao ◽  
Qiongyu Wang ◽  
Zhi Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Adoptive Immunotherapy ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T

A significant proportion of hematological malignancies remain limited in treatment options. Immune system modulation serves as a promising therapeutic approach to eliminate malignant cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in antitumor immunity; unfortunately, nonspecific approaches for targeted recognition of tumor cells by CTLs to mediate tumor immune evasion in hematological malignancies imply multiple mechanisms, which may or may not be clinically relevant. Recently, genetically modified T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and engineered T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapy, promise to overcome immune evasion by redirecting the specificity of CTLs to tumor cells. In clinic trials, CAR-T-cell- and TCR-T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy have produced encouraging clinical outcomes, thereby demonstrating their therapeutic potential in mitigating tumor development. The purpose of the present review is to (1) provide a detailed overview of the multiple mechanisms for immune evasion related with T-cell-based therapies; (2) provide a current summary of the applications of CAR-T-cell- as well as neoantigen-specific TCR-T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy and routes taken to overcome immune evasion; and (3) evaluate alternative approaches targeting immune evasionviaoptimization of CAR-T and TCR-T-cell immunotherapies.

scholarly journals Associação Brasileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular Consensus on genetically modified cells. IV: CAR-T cell therapy for multiple myeloma patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. S30-S34
Author(s):  
Angelo Maiolino ◽  
Luciano J. Costa ◽  
Marcelo Pasquini ◽  
Edvan de Queiroz Crusoe ◽  
Afonso Celso Vigorito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

Genetically Modified T Cell Therapy Optimisation of the Chimeric T Cell Receptor for Cancer Therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. S3-S4
Author(s):  
Wasat Mansoor ◽  
Allison O'Neil ◽  
David Gillham ◽  
Robert Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
T Cell Therapy

scholarly journals Chimeric Antigen Receptor Based Therapy as a Potential Approach in Autoimmune Diseases: How Close Are We to the Treatment?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sadeqi Nezhad ◽  
Alexander Seifalian ◽  
Nader Bagheri ◽  
Sajad Yaghoubi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Karimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Car T

Despite significant breakthroughs in understanding of immunological and physiological features of autoimmune diseases, there is currently no specific therapeutic option with prolonged remission. Cell-based therapy using engineered-T cells has attracted tremendous attention as a practical treatment for autoimmune diseases. Genetically modified-T cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) attack autoreactive immune cells such as B cells or antibody-secreting plasma cells. CARs can further guide the effector and regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the autoimmune milieu to traffic, proliferate, and exert suppressive functions. The genetically modified-T cells with artificial receptors are a promising option to suppress autoimmune manifestation and autoinflammatory events. Interestingly, CAR-T cells are modified to a new chimeric auto-antibody receptor T (CAAR-T) cell. This cell, with its specific-antigen, recognizes and binds to the target autoantibodies expressing autoreactive cells and, subsequently, destroy them. Preclinical studies of CAR-T cells demonstrated satisfactory outcomes against autoimmune diseases. However, the lack of target autoantigens remains one of the pivotal problems in the field of CAR-T cells. CAR-based therapy has to pass several hurdles, including stability, durability, trafficking, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, and persistence, to enter clinical use. The primary goal of this review was to shed light on CAR-T immunotherapy, CAAR-T cell therapy, and CAR-Treg cell therapy in patients with immune system diseases.

scholarly journals Genetically Modified T Cells for Esophageal Cancer Therapy: A Promising Clinical Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ge Zhu ◽  
Bu-Fan Xiao ◽  
Jing-Tao Zhang ◽  
Xin-Run Cui ◽  
Zhe-Ming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽  
T Cell Therapy

Esophageal cancer is an exceedingly aggressive and malignant cancer that imposes a substantial burden on patients and their families. It is usually treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular-targeted therapy. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment modality for esophageal cancer wherein genetically engineered adoptive cell therapy is utilized, which modifies immune cells to attack cancer cells. Using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cells yielded demonstrably encouraging efficacy in patients. CAR-T cell therapy has shown robust clinical results for malignant hematological diseases, particularly in B cell-derived malignancies. Natural killer (NK) cells could serve as another reliable and safe CAR engineering platform, and CAR-NK cell therapy could be a more generalized approach for cancer immunotherapy because NK cells are histocompatibility-independent. TCR-T cells can detect a broad range of targeted antigens within subcellular compartments and hold great potential for use in cancer therapy. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of CAR and TCR based adoptive cell therapies (ACT). A comprehensive understanding of genetically-modified T cell technologies can facilitate the clinical translation of these adoptive cell-based immunotherapies. Here, we systematically review the state-of-the-art knowledge on genetically-modified T-cell therapy and provide a summary of preclinical and clinical trials of CAR and TCR-transgenic ACT.

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