Using Multi-level DEA to Go Beyond the Three Dimensions of Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Georgios Tsaples ◽  
Jason Papathanasiou
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Multi Level

Inter-firm Trust between Emerging Markets: Chinese Firms in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esi A. Elliot ◽  
Zhen Zhu ◽  
Fei-Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
International Business ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Practical Implications

The rapid global expansion of marketers from one emerging market to another such as countries in Africa, Latin America, Central Asia, and the Middle East is dramatically changing the landscape of international business relationships. A leading example is Chinese firms in African countries. The element of trust is highlighted in such emerging market relationships that involve large investments from multiple constituents with diverging and sometimes conflicting objectives. Our study provides a broader, more encompassing macromarketing framework by investigating inter-firm trust between two emerging markets from an institutional perspective. Our study develops the inter-firm trust concept in the context of Chinese businesses in Africa on the bases of extant literature, field interviews, and observations focused mainly on three African countries (Ghana, Kenya and South Africa). Drawing from trust theory and institutional theory, our study reveals three dimensions for the inter-firm trust concept and both trustor and trustee factors influence the perception of Chinese businesses in Africa. Macromarketing and practical implications for building and managing inter-firm trust at a multi-level between emerging markets are also discussed.

Multi-level analysis of knowledge transfer: a knowledge recipient’s perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhyung Kang ◽  
Yong Sauk Hau
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multi Level

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to adopt the recipient’s perspective to explore multi-level antecedents’ effects on knowledge transfer using social capital and social network theories. Design/methodology/approach – Social network and general attribute survey responses from 331 employees were analyzed through hierarchical linear modeling to verify the study’s multi-level research model and hypotheses. Findings – A recipient’s trust in colleagues positively influences knowledge transfer and company tenure has a negative impact. At a dyadic level, the perceived expertise of a source, in addition to strength of ties, exerts a positive effect on knowledge transfer. Additionally, a recipient’s network centrality moderates the effects of dyadic relationships on knowledge transfer. Research limitations/implications – This study deepened the current understanding of the role of social capital in knowledge transfer from a recipient’s perspective. Three dimensions of a recipient’s social capital respectively showed significant, but different types of influence on knowledge transfer. Interaction effects between individual and dyadic level antecedents should be considered as well. Practical implications – Both a strong tie at a dyadic level and a diverse network at an individual level should be nurtured to facilitate knowledge transfer. In addition, bi-directional knowledge transfer between seasoned employees and new employees should be promoted. Originality/value – Most studies have focused on motivating a knowledge source, assuming that a recipient is always ready to adopt a source’s knowledge. To reduce this bias, the current study examined social capital’s role in knowledge transfer from a recipient’s perspective.

“Opting Out” or “Pushed Out”? Integrating Perspectives on Women’s Career Equality for Gender Inclusion and Interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Ernst Kossek ◽  
Rong Su ◽  
Lusi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Career Preference ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Gender Inclusion ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Individual

This paper integrates the rapidly growing literatures on the individual and organizational factors that contribute to women’s career equality. We organize studies into three research perspectives: career preference, gender bias, and work-family explanations. These literatures diverge on whether women “opt out” or are “pushed out” of leadership positions in organizations. Further, the interconnectedness of these “pushes” and “pulls” and micro-macro linkages are not well-integrated. This creates a lack of clarity about what scholars should study and what practices organizations should implement. We define women’s career equality as an individual and organizational phenomenon involving the degree to which women (a) have equal access to and participation in career opportunities, and (b) experience equal intrinsic and extrinsic work and nonwork outcomes compared to men. We bridge the interdisciplinary divides by developing an integrative multi-level model of women’s career equality. We propose that individuals’ career perceptions and experiences are embedded in social contexts reflecting the climate for gender inclusion and interact with these contexts to shape women’s career equality outcomes. The climate for gender inclusion has three dimensions: fairness, leveraging talent, and workplace support. We identify coalescing themes to stimulate future research, including attention to national socio-economic influences, improving metrics and measurement of gender inclusion climate, multi-level career equality outcomes, a joint focus on implicit and explicit bias, and designing cross-disciplinary interventions for experiments. In order to foster theory-based research that is linked to practice, we suggest implementing and scientifically evaluating comprehensive workplace interventions that integrate perspectives and levels.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of Smallholder Farmland Systems: Healthy Farmland System Assessment Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahui Lv ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Jiani Ma ◽  
Wenju Yun ◽  
Lulu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
System Data ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
System Assessment

Agriculture sustainability assessment is conducive to promoting sustainable agriculture construction and sustainable development. Modern agriculture and modern small-peasant production have different requirements for agriculture sustainability. Related studies provided assessment frameworks for many parts of the world. However, existing frameworks have distinct limitations and are not applicable to modern small-peasant economy (MSE) areas, such as China. The purpose of this study is regarding China as an example to construct a healthy farmland system assessment framework (HFSAF), to assess smallholder farmland systems’ sustainability. HFSAF’s theoretical basis, indicator system, data preparation methods, multi-level aggregation rule and results description method are presented in this paper. HFSAF is a multi-level indicator system with adjustable parameters, covering environment, economy and society aspects, including three dimensions, nine visions, 15 themes and 40 basic indicators. Taking Da’an City, Jilin Province, China as the study area to implement HFSAF. The assessment results prove HFSAF can be used to assess agricultural sustainability in MSE areas with limited agro-resource supplies, to assist the sustainable decision-making and regional agriculture remold.

scholarly journals Calculating Trajectories for Atoms in Near-resonant Lightfields

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Scholten ◽  
T. J. O'Kane ◽  
T. R. Mackin ◽  
T. A. Hunt ◽  
P. M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Time Development ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mode Laser ◽  
Atomic Beams ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Imaging Properties ◽  
Monte Carlo Wavefunction

We review several methods for calculating the time development of the internal state and the external motion of atoms in near-resonant light fields, with emphasis on studying the focussing of atomic beams into microscopic and potentially nanoscopic patterns. Three different approaches are considered: two-level semiclassical, multi-level semiclassical, and the Monte Carlo wavefunction method. The two-level semiclassical technique of McClelland and Scheinfein (1991) and McClelland (1995) is extended to three dimensions, and used to calculate the trajectories of atoms and the imaging properties of a simple lens formed from a near-resonant travelling TEM01 mode laser. The model is then extended to multi-level atoms, where we calculate the density matrix for the internal state of a sample of thermal atoms in a standing wave, and show how cooling processes can be simulated. Finally, we use the Monte Carlo wavefunction method to calculate the internal state of the atom, and compare the results and required computation time to those of the multi-level semiclassical technique.

scholarly journals Measuring Subjective Flood Resilience in Suburban Dakar: a before-after Evaluation of the “Live with Water” Project

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bottazzi ◽  
Mirko Winkler ◽  
Sebastien Boillat ◽  
Mashoudou Maman Chabi Sika ◽  
Arsène Kpangon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

In the last decade, sub-Saharan African countries have taken various measures to plan for and adapt to floods in order to reduce exposure and its impacts on human health, livelihoods and infrastructure. Measuring the effects of such initiatives on social resilience is challenging as it requires to combine multiple variables and indicators that embrace thematic, spatial and temporal dimensions inherent to the resilience thinking and concept. In this research, we apply a before-after-control-intervention (BACI) evaluation to empirically measure the impacts of the “Live with Water” (LWW) project on suburban households in Dakar, Senegal. We developed a resilience index that combines anticipatory, adaptive and absorptive capacity – considered as structural dimensions – with the concept of transformative capacity – considered as a temporal reconfiguration of the first three dimensions. Our finding let us estimate that the project increased the absorptive and the anticipatory capacities by 10.61% and 4.61%, respectively. However, adaptive capacity remained unchanged. This may be explained by the fact that the programme was more successful in building drainage and physical infrastructures, rather than improving multi-level organisations and strategies to cope with existing flood events. Further flood resilience program should better combine engineering approaches with institutional change and livelihood support to poor urban dwellers.

Multi-Level Boundary Element Methods for Steady Heat Diffusion in Three-Dimensions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Grigoriev ◽  
G. F. Dargush
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Boundary Element Methods ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Heat Diffusion ◽  
Numerical Heat Transfer ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Solution Accuracy ◽  
Steady Heat

We have recently developed a novel multi-level boundary element method (MLBEM) for steady heat diffusion in irregular two-dimensional domains (Numerical Heat Transfer Part B: Fundamentals, 46: 329–356, 2004). This presentation extends the MLBEM methodology to three-dimensional problems. First, we outline a 3-D MLBEM formulation for steady heat diffusion and discuss the differences between multi-level algorithms for two and three dimensions. Then, we consider an example problem that involves heat conduction in a semi-infinite three-dimensional domain. We investigate the performance of the MLBEM formulation using a single-patch approach. The MLBEM algorithms are shown facilitate fast and accurate numerical solutions with no loss of the solution accuracy. More dramatic speed-ups can be achieved provided that patch-edge corrections are also evaluated using multi-level technique.

Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) in a Multi-Level Governance System in Southeastern Europe Territories

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Ana Vulevic ◽  
Vidomir Obradovic ◽  
Rui Alexandre Castanho ◽  
Dragan Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Border Region ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

Considering the actual panorama of a multi-level governance on EU, the macro-regional strategies - specifying the EU strategy for Danube region (EUSDR) fosters coordination across three dimensions: sector policies; different levels of governance from EU to regional or local, and across administrative boundaries. This chapter analyzes and assesses the ability, challenges, and obstacles of Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) strategies, projects, and programs to improve integration and cohesion peripheral territories as is the case of the border region of Romania – Serbia, enabling articulating border areas and creating synergies among them. In this regard, it will be considered the latest findings on new insights towards spatial integration in border and transnational contexts. The chapter presents some hypothesis for a good-planned, long-term sustainability for this territory and lesson learned regarding the coordination and management of policies in the EU's system of multi-level governance that could have a wider application and scope.

scholarly journals ZOOMING IN ON PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM ECODESIGNING: A NOVEL ANALYSIS APPROACH AND APPLICATION TO A CASE INVOLVING EXPERIENCED PRACTITIONERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3461-3470
Author(s):  
Abhijna Neramballi ◽  
Tomohiko Sakao
Keyword(s):  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Product Service System ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Product Service Systems

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a protocol analysis-based approach to analyze the cognitive characteristics of conceptual ecodesigning of product-service systems (PSSs). We initially present a novel and generic model to represent the lifecycle stages of solutions offered by industry and we contextualize it to PSS based offerings. Based on this representation of the PSS lifecycle stages and that of its architecture, we propose a multi-level coding scheme and a protocol analysis-based approach to analyze the distribution of designers' cognitive effort on the following three dimensions: i) different lifecycle stages, ii) different aspects of PSS architecture and iii) ecodesign activities and environmental issues. We applied this approach to analyze a conceptual PSS ecodesign case, performed in a laboratory setting by a pair of experienced practitioners. The results clearly indicate the evidence of quantitative differences in the distribution of the designers' cognitive effort on the different dimensions of PSS ecodesigning and thus, confirms the applicability and utility of the proposed approach.

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) of mitochondria from various rat tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
P.J. Lea ◽  
M.J. Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our current understanding of mitochondrial ultrastructure has been derived primarily from thin sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This information has been extrapolated into three dimensions by artist's impressions (1) or serial sectioning techniques in combination with computer processing (2). The resolution of serial reconstruction methods is limited by section thickness whereas artist's impressions have obvious disadvantages.In contrast, the new techniques of HRSEM used in this study (3) offer the opportunity to view simultaneously both the internal and external structure of mitochondria directly in three dimensions and in detail.The tridimensional ultrastructure of mitochondria from rat hepatocytes, retinal (retinal pigment epithelium), renal (proximal convoluted tubule) and adrenal cortex cells were studied by HRSEM. The specimens were prepared by aldehyde-osmium fixation in combination with freeze cleavage followed by partial extraction of cytosol with a weak solution of osmium tetroxide (4). The specimens were examined with a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope, resolution better than 30 nm, where the secondary electron detector is located in the column directly above the specimen inserted within the objective lens.

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