Construction-Related Waivers to the Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Rule in the United States

Privacy has been recognised nationally and internationally as a major challenge posed by the growing proliferation of drones, otherwise known as ‘remotely piloted aircraft’, ‘small unmanned aircraft’ or ‘unmanned aircraft systems’, with surveillance capability. Currently in Australia an uneven landscape of common law causes of action, surveillance statutes and data protection laws provide fragmented protection of privacy. This article compares that legal response with those of the United Kingdom and the United States. It identifies commonalities and differences between those approaches that may be instructive as Australia determines the appropriate response to the potential of invasion of privacy posed by this form of transformative technology.

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Regulations and Laws Pertaining to the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) by ICAO, USA, China, Japan, Australia, India, and Korea

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Civilian Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7900-7.ch007 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 169-207

Author(s):

Doo Hwan Kim

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽

Civil Aviation ◽

International Civil Aviation Organization ◽

Aircraft Systems ◽

The World ◽

Draft Convention

The drone industry is rapidly developing around the world, and the numbers of drones are increasing. In order to maintain safety and secure stability of drone flights, regulations and laws related to drone operations are established in each country. This chapter reviews the rules and laws of drones established by the International Civil Aviation Organization, the United States, China, Japan, Australia, India, and Korea. In order to protect victims and develop the drone industry, the author proposes that it is necessary and desirable for the legislation of a unified and global “Draft Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Drone Operations and Transport.”

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‘There’s always a [white] man in the loop’: The gendered and racialized politics of civilian drones

Social Studies of Science ◽

10.1177/0306312718792619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 540-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Philip Olson ◽

Christine Labuski

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Focus Group ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Federal Aviation Administration ◽

The United States ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽

Social Actors ◽

Aircraft Systems

In 2014, the United States Federal Aviation Administration chose six sites at which to conduct research crucial to integrating unmanned aircraft systems into the nation’s airspace. Analyzing data collected from five focus groups that we conducted at one of these test sites, this article centers on the gendered and racialized politics of civilian unmanned aircraft. Civilian drone use remains a relatively unchallenged space for displaying hypermasculinity via technological expertise. Focusing on the topic of surveillance, we argue that a very particular, intersectional perspective – white technomasculinity – profoundly influences how civilian unmanned aircraft are imagined, designed and deployed. While this perspective went unmarked and was taken for granted by most of our focus group participants, our analysis highlights the constructed and contingent nature of white technomasculinity, and we argue that a critical technological consciousness is necessary to prevent these technologies from reinforcing or exacerbating unequal distributions of rights and responsibilities among differently located social actors. We conclude our paper on a cautiously hopeful note, drawing attention to moments in which more distributed, or ‘sousveillant’, uses of civilian UAS appeared possible.

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An Analysis of Unmanned Aircraft Registration Effectiveness

International Journal of Aviation Systems Operations and Training ◽

10.4018/ijasot.2017010104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 54-66

Author(s):

Ronald Pentz ◽

He (Herman) Tang

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽

Courts Of Appeals ◽

Chi Square ◽

Difficult Time ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rapid Pace

This article describes how small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are growing at a rapid pace. They are inexpensive and widely available for both hobbyist and commercial use. However, with this rapid growth, regulations are having a difficult time keeping pace to safely incorporate them into the United States National Airspace. Recent regulations requiring the registration of all sUAS have been overturned by the United States Courts of Appeals. This research provides a statistical analysis of the effectiveness of the registration regulation in the reduction of unauthorized and careless sUAS operation prior to being overturned by the courts. Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics and chi square hypothesis tests were used to analyze more than 3,000 reported unauthorized and careless events. The findings show a significant difference in events pre-registration and post registration.

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Integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System-Efforts by the University of Alaska to Support the FAA/NASA UAS Traffic Management Program

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12193112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 3112

Author(s):

Michael Hatfield ◽

Catherine Cahill ◽

Peter Webley ◽

Jessica Garron ◽

Rebecca Beltran

Keyword(s):

Traffic Management ◽

Federal Aviation Administration ◽

The United States ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽

National Airspace System ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Aircraft Systems ◽

The University

Over the past decade Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS, aka “drones”) have become pervasive, touching virtually all aspects of our world. While UAS offer great opportunity to better our lives and strengthen economies, at the same time these can significantly disrupt manned flight operations and put our very lives in peril. Balancing the demanding and competing requirements of safely integrating UAS into the United States (US) National Airspace System (NAS) has been a top priority of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for several years. This paper outlines efforts taken by the FAA and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to create the UAS Traffic Management (UTM) system as a means to address this capability gap. It highlights the perspectives and experiences gained by the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration (ACUASI) as one of the FAA’s six UAS test sites participating in the NASA-led UTM program. The paper summarizes UAF’s participation in the UTM Technical Capability Level (TCL1-3) campaigns, including flight results, technical capabilities achieved, lessons learned, and continuing challenges regarding the implementation of UTM in the NAS. It also details future efforts needed to enable practical Beyond-Visual-Line-of-Sight (BVLOS) flights for UAS operations in rural Alaska.

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Observations of the atmosphere and surface state over Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica using unmanned aircraft systems

Earth System Science Data Discussions ◽

10.5194/essdd-8-995-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 995-1019

Author(s):

J. J. Cassano ◽

M. W. Seefeldt ◽

S. Palo ◽

S. L. Knuth ◽

A. C. Bradley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ross Sea ◽

The United States ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽

Free Access ◽

Data Set ◽

Aircraft Systems ◽

Terra Nova Bay ◽

Atmospheric State ◽

Terra Nova

Abstract. In September 2012 five Aerosonde unmanned aircraft were used to make measurements of the atmospheric state over the Terra Nova Bay polynya, Antarctica, to explore the details of air – sea ice – ocean coupling. A total of 14 flights were completed in September 2012. Ten of the flight missions consisted of two unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) sampling the atmosphere over Terra Nova Bay on five different days, with one UAS focusing on the downwind evolution of the air mass and a second UAS flying transects roughly perpendicular to the low level winds. The data from these coordinated UAS flights provide a comprehensive three-dimensional data set of the atmospheric state (air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind) and surface skin temperature over Terra Nova Bay. The remaining UAS flights during the September 2012 field campaign included two local flights near McMurdo Station for flight testing, a single UAS flight to Terra Nova Bay, and a single UAS flight over the Ross Ice Shelf and Ross Sea polynya. A dataset containing the atmospheric and surface data as well as operational aircraft data has been submitted to the United States Antarctic Program Data Coordination Center (USAP-DCC, http://www.usap-data.org/) for free access (http://gcmd.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?NSF-ANT10-43657, doi:10.15784/600125).

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Mobile sensor platforms: categorisation and research applications in precision farming

Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems ◽

10.5194/jsss-2-51-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 51-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C. W. Zecha ◽

J. Link ◽

W. Claupein

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Precision Farming ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽

Ground Vehicles ◽

Mobile Sensor ◽

Aircraft Systems ◽

Sensor Platforms ◽

Architectural Models ◽

New Applications

Abstract. The usage of mobile sensor platforms arose in research a few decades ago. Since the beginning of satellite sensing, measurement principles and analysing methods have become widely implemented for aerial and ground vehicles. Mainly in Europe, the United States and Australia, sensor platforms in precision farming are used for surveying, monitoring and scouting tasks. This review gives an overview of available sensor platforms used in recent agricultural and related research projects. A general categorisation tree for platforms is outlined in this work. Working in manual, automatic or autonomous ways, these ground platforms and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) with an agricultural scope are presented with their sensor equipment and the possible architectural models. Thanks to advances in highly powerful electronics, smaller devices mounted on platforms have become economically feasible for many applications. Designed to work automatically or autonomously, they will be able to interact in intelligent swarms. Sensor platforms can fulfil the need for developing, testing and optimising new applications in precision farming like weed control or pest management. Furthermore, commercial suppliers of platform hardware used in sensing tasks are listed.

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Instructions on the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ae527-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Charan Kakarla ◽

Yiannis Ampatzidis

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Federal Aviation Administration ◽

The United States ◽

Public Law ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

State Laws ◽

Aircraft Systems ◽

Commercial Activities

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the appropriate use of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAV) or Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the State of Florida. All research and commercial activities involving the use of UAVs shall be conducted in compliance with applicable federal and state laws, statutes, and regulations. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has jurisdiction over all navigable airspace in the United States. All aircraft, whether manned or unmanned, are subject to FAA rules and regulations and violations carry severe federal penalties. The FAA allows small (under 55 pounds) unmanned aircraft operated solely for hobby and recreational purposes to be flown under the rules and restrictions outlined in Section 336 of the FAA Modernization and Reform act of 2012 (Public Law 11295). Currently, the FAA considers the use of an unmanned aircraft for educational or training purposes to be commercial in nature. Below, we provide step-by-step guidance for operating an UAV for commercial (or research) purpose.

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Perspective: Agricultural Aerial Application with Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Current Regulatory Framework and Analysis of Operators in the United States

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.14331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 1475-1481

Author(s):

Roberto Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Precision Agriculture ◽

Federal Aviation Administration ◽

The United States ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽

List Type ◽

Aerial Application ◽

Aircraft Systems ◽

Agricultural Operations ◽

The U.S

HighlightsThe FAA has used two exemptions (17261 and 18009) as precedents for approval of numerous agricultural operations for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS).While many operators have received exemptions, a significant portion have not received an agricultural aircraft operator certificate (AAOC), despite the need for both to operate UAS in agricultural operations.Operators who have both an exemption and an AAOC tend to be clustered in geographic areas, with many states without a single such operator.Abstract. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have seen rapid growth in many industries in the U.S. since the introduction of small UAS regulations (14 CFR § 107). However, adoption of UAS for agricultural aerial application has been limited. Two landmark regulatory exemptions by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have laid the foundation for commercial agricultural aerial application with UAS. Since the initial introduction of these exemptions, the pace of new exemptions for agricultural aerial application with UAS has remained steady. By the end of 2019, 64 operators had received exemptions in which the FAA cited one of the two landmark exemptions as a precedent. This study analyzed these exemptions to determine geographic distribution, aircraft manufacturer, number of employees, and time to operator certification. Results indicate that less than half of operators who received an exemption from the FAA became certified for aerial application. Additionally, certified operators were not evenly distributed throughout the U.S. despite the broader distribution of exemption holders. Two UAS manufacturers dominated the market, with over 80% of exemptions requesting UAS from one or both manufacturers. While regulatory hurdles for agricultural aerial application with UAS have been substantially reduced through the introduction of standardized exemptions, this has not resulted in the anticipated influx of certified operators. There are additional impediments preventing operator certification, including technological limitations of currently available UAS, which need to be addressed to improve the rate of UAS integration into agricultural aerial application. Keywords: Chemical applications, Drone, Precision agriculture, UAS, UAV, Unmanned aerial vehicle, Unmanned aircraft systems.

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