Restoring Functional Reach-to-Grasp in a Person with Chronic Tetraplegia Using Implanted Functional Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
A. Bolu Ajiboye ◽  
Leigh R. Hochberg ◽  
Robert F. Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Computer Interfaces

scholarly journals Can Children With Perinatal Stroke Use a Simple Brain Computer Interface?

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeanna Jadavji ◽  
Jack Zhang ◽  
Brett Paffrath ◽  
Ephrem Zewdie ◽  
Adam Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Perinatal Stroke ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Task Strategy ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
And Control

Background and Purpose: Perinatal stroke is the leading cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy resulting in lifelong disability for millions of people worldwide. Options for motor rehabilitation are limited, especially for the most severely affected children. Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) sample brain activity to allow users to control external devices. Functional electrical stimulation enhances motor recovery after stroke, and BCI-activated functional electrical stimulation was recently shown to improve upper extremity function in adult stroke. We aimed to determine the ability of children with perinatal stroke to operate a simple BCI. Methods: Twenty-one children with magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed perinatal stroke (57% male, mean [SD] 13.5 [2.6] years, range 9–18) were compared with 24 typically developing controls (71% male, mean age [SD] 13.7 [3.7] years, range 6–18). Participants trained on a simple EEG-based BCI over 2 sessions (10 trials each) utilizing 2 different mental imagery strategies: (1) motor imagery (imagine opening and closing of hands) and (2) goal oriented (imagine effector object moving toward target) to complete 2 tasks: (1) drive a remote controlled car to a target and (2) move a computer cursor to a target. Primary outcome was Cohen Kappa with a score >0.40 suggesting BCI competence. Results: BCI performance was comparable between stroke and control participants. Mean scores were 0.39 (0.18) for stroke versus 0.42 (0.18) for controls (t[42]=0.478, P =0.94). No difference in performance between venous (M=0.45, SD=0.29) and arterial (M=0.34, SD=0.22) stroke (t[82]=1.89, P =0.090) was observed. No effect of task or strategy was observed in the stroke participants. Over 90% of stroke participants demonstrated competency on at least one of the 4 task-strategy combinations. Conclusions: Children with perinatal stroke can achieve proficiency in basic tasks using simple BCI systems. Future directions include exploration of BCI-functional electrical stimulation systems for rehabilitation for children with hemiparesis and other forms of cerebral palsy.

scholarly journals Self-Paced Online vs. Cue-Based Offline Brain–Computer Interfaces for Inducing Neural Plasticity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Jochumsen ◽  
Muhammad Samran Navid ◽  
Rasmus Wiberg Nedergaard ◽  
Nada Signal ◽  
Usman Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
The Absolute

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), operated in a cue-based (offline) or self-paced (online) mode, can be used for inducing cortical plasticity for stroke rehabilitation by the pairing of movement-related brain activity with peripheral electrical stimulation. The aim of this study was to compare the difference in cortical plasticity induced by the two BCI modes. Fifteen healthy participants participated in two experimental sessions: cue-based BCI and self-paced BCI. In both sessions, imagined dorsiflexions were extracted from continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and paired 50 times with the electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve. Before, immediately after, and 30 min after each intervention, the cortical excitability was measured through the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of tibialis anterior elicited through transcranial magnetic stimulation. Linear mixed regression models showed that the MEP amplitudes increased significantly (p < 0.05) from pre- to post- and 30-min post-intervention in terms of both the absolute and relative units, regardless of the intervention type. Compared to pre-interventions, the absolute MEP size increased by 79% in post- and 68% in 30-min post-intervention in the self-paced mode (with a true positive rate of ~75%), and by 37% in post- and 55% in 30-min post-intervention in the cue-based mode. The two modes were significantly different (p = 0.03) at post-intervention (relative units) but were similar at both post timepoints (absolute units). These findings suggest that immediate changes in cortical excitability may have implications for stroke rehabilitation, where it could be used as a priming protocol in conjunction with another intervention; however, the findings need to be validated in studies involving stroke patients.

scholarly journals Functional electrical stimulation for home-based upper-limb stroke rehabilitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kutlu ◽  
Chris Freeman ◽  
Matthew Spraggs
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Reach And Grasp ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Contact Sensors

Abstract:Functional electrical stimulation (FES) therapies have shown effectiveness in restoring movement post-stroke, especially when applied functionally to assist participants’ voluntary intention during repeated, motivating tasks. Recent development in non-contact sensors allows feedback to advanced controllers that precisely adjust FES via an electrode array to assist functional reach and grasp tasks. This has given rise to significant reduction in impairment, as measured in clinical trials. This paper describes the recent developments of a compact system suitable for transference to patients’ homes, with the intention of reducing upper-limb impairment following chronic stroke.

A Study of Frontal Signals in Brain Computer Interfaces: Interpretation of EEG & FNIRS

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
S. Srilekha ◽  
B. Vanathi
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Subject ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

This paper focuses on electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) comparison to help the rehabilitation patients. Both methods have unique techniques and placement of electrodes. Usage of signals are different in application based on the economic conditions. This study helps in choosing the signal for the betterment of analysis. Ten healthy subject datasets of EEG & FNIRS are taken and applied to plot topography separately. Accuracy, Sensitivity, peaks, integral areas, etc are compared and plotted. The main advantages of this study are to prompt their necessities in the analysis of rehabilitation devices to manage their life as a typical individual.

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