Augmented Cognition. Human Cognition and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cognition ◽  
Augmented Cognition ◽  
And Behavior

Why a Focus on Eminence is Misguided: A Call to Return to Basic Scientific Values

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Corker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Reward Systems ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Eradicate Polio ◽  
And Behavior

The scientific method has been used to eradicate polio, send humans to the moon, and enrich understanding of human cognition and behavior. It produced these accomplishments not through magic or appeals to authority, but through open, detailed, and reproducible methods. To call something “science” means there are clear ways to independently and empirically evaluate research claims. There is no need to simply trust an information source. Scientific values thus prioritize transparency and universalism, emphasizing that it matters less who has made a discovery than how it was done. Yet, scientific reward systems are based on identifying individual eminence. The current paper contrasts this focus on individual eminence with reforms to scientific rewards systems that help these systems better align with scientific values.

A Neuromarketing Perspective for Assessing the Role and Impact of Typefaces on Consumer Purchase Decision

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-228
Author(s):  
Nihal Toros Ntapiapis ◽  
Çağla Özkardeşler
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Consumer Behaviors ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Consumer Neuroscience ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Given increasing knowledge about how consumers communicate with texts, our understanding of how brain processes information remains relatively limited. Besides that, in today's world, advancing neuroscience-related technology and developments have changed the understanding of consumer behavior. In this regard, in the 1990s, consumer neuroscience and neuromarketing concepts were revealed. This new concept has brought a multi-disciplinary approach and new perceptions of human cognition and behavior. For measuring consumer behaviors through a new alternative method, research has started combining traditional marketing researches with these new methods. This chapter explores how typeface knowledge from the brain functions using neuroscience technology and the importance neurosciences methodologies have for readability research. Moreover, this chapter will evaluate how typefaces affect the purchase decision of the consumers and offer an integrative literature review.

scholarly journals The prevalence and importance of statistical learning in human cognition and behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynn E Sherman ◽  
Kathryn N Graves ◽  
Nicholas B Turk-Browne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
And Behavior

Can the Implicit Association Test Serve as a Valid Measure of Automatic Cognition? A Response to Schimmack (2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 174569162090408
Author(s):  
Benedek Kurdi ◽  
Kate A. Ratliff ◽  
William A. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Strength Of Association

Much of human thought, feeling, and behavior unfolds automatically. Indirect measures of cognition capture such processes by observing responding under corresponding conditions (e.g., lack of intention or control). The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is one such measure. The IAT indexes the strength of association between categories such as “planes” and “trains” and attributes such as “fast” and “slow” by comparing response latencies across two sorting tasks (planes–fast/trains–slow vs. trains–fast/planes–slow). Relying on a reanalysis of multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) studies, Schimmack (this issue) argues that the IAT and direct measures of cognition, for example, Likert scales, can serve as indicators of the same latent construct, thereby purportedly undermining the validity of the IAT as a measure of individual differences in automatic cognition. Here we note the compatibility of Schimmack’s empirical findings with a range of existing theoretical perspectives and the importance of considering evidence beyond MTMM approaches to establishing construct validity. Depending on the nature of the study, different standards of validity may apply to each use of the IAT; however, the evidence presented by Schimmack is easily reconcilable with the potential of the IAT to serve as a valid measure of automatic processes in human cognition, including in individual-difference contexts.

“Big data” versus “small data” in social sciences

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 98-119
Author(s):  
Wenjie Duan ◽  
Wenlong Mu ◽  
He Bu
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Emic And Etic

Culture significantly influences human cognition and behavior, which has become a major obstacle in cross-cultural studies. Comparing traditional sampling studies (i.e., small data research) with the novelty of millions of samples studies (i.e., big data research), we suggest that the results of the finely controlled, precisely sampled, and accurately analyzed theory-driven small-data research can be replicated by big data studies. This conclusion has been illustrated by recent studies on structures of character strengths that were conducted in both western and eastern countries. Therefore, big data studies that take into account both emic and etic components will be an important approach to conduct cross-cultural research. It facilitates the construction of theories and measures with cross-cultural consistency. Nevertheless, it should be noted that “small data” and “big data” studies are complementary and should not be treated as substitutes for one another.

Brain Basis of Human Social Interaction: From Concepts to Brain Imaging

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Hari ◽  
Miiamaaria V. Kujala
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Single Person ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
And Behavior

Modern neuroimaging provides a common platform for neuroscience and related disciplines to explore the human brain, mind, and behavior. We base our review on the social shaping of the human mind and discuss various aspects of brain function related to social interaction. Despite private mental contents, people can share their understanding of the world using, beyond verbal communication, nonverbal cues such as gestures, facial expressions, and postures. The understanding of nonverbal messages is supported by the brain's mirroring systems that are shaped by individual experience. Within the organism-environment system, tight links exist between action and perception, both within an individual and between several individuals. Therefore, any comprehensive brain imaging study of the neuronal basis of social cognition requires appreciation of the situated and embodied nature of human cognition, motivating simultaneous monitoring of brain and bodily functions within a socially relevant environment. Because single-person studies alone cannot unravel the dynamic aspects of interpersonal interactions, it seems both necessary and beneficial to move towards “two-person neuroscience”; technological shortcomings and a limited conceptual framework have so far hampered such a leap. We conclude by discussing some major disorders of social interaction.

scholarly journals Recent selection of candidate genes for mammal domestication in Europeans and language change in Europe: a hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Benítez-Burraco ◽  
Evgeny Chekalin ◽  
Sergey Bruskin ◽  
Irina Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractHuman evolution resulted from changes in our biology, behavior, and culture. One source of these changes has been hypothesized to be our self-domestication (that is, the development in humans of features commonly found in domesticated strains of mammals, seemingly as a result of selection for reduced aggression). Signals of domestication, notably brain size reduction, have increased in recent times. In this paper we compare whole-genome data between Late Neolithic/Bronze Age individuals and modern Europeans and show that genes associated with mammal domestication and with neural crest development and function are significantly differently enriched in nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms between these two groups. We hypothesize how these changes might account for the increased features of self-domestication in modern humans and ultimately, for subtle recent changes in human cognition and behavior, including language.

scholarly journals Guest editorialNew challenges for business actors and positive heuristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1585-1597
Author(s):  
Simone Guercini ◽  
Christian Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Research ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Managerial Perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this guest editorial is to present an overview of the contributions in this special issue and proposes a positive approach to heuristics deriving from the growing interest in the decision-making topic with respect to the new challenges emerging in uncertain environments in management and marketing research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors explore the reasons for a positive view of business actors' judgments and choices based on heuristics, not only in terms of effectiveness in practice, but their fit with human cognition and behavior, and the potential distinctiveness in contexts where technological devices and algorithms are more widespread, but not necessarily more appropriate.FindingsThe authors present and discuss the emergence and evolution of heuristics as a topic in the management literature, and the themes and insights proposed in the papers published in this special issue contributing to research aimed at systemizing a managerial perspective of the concepts and tools that may be useful for practitioners and researchers in this field.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the positive role that heuristics can play, offering some propositions for future research by framing heuristics as a set of tools (toolbox) for business actors in uncertain contexts, without constituting a cognitive limitation for effective solutions.

scholarly journals Open Science in Data-Intensive Psychology and Cognitive Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Paxton ◽  
Alexa Tullett
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Share Data ◽  
And Behavior

Today, researchers can collect, analyze, and share more data than ever before. Not only does increasing technological capacity open the door to new data-intensive perspectives in cognitive science and psychology (i.e., research that takes advantage of complex or large-scale data to understand human cognition and behavior), but increasing connectedness has sparked exponential increases in the ease and practice of scientific transparency. The growing open science movement encourages researchers to share data, materials, methods, and publications with other scientists and the wider public. Open science benefits data-intensive psychological science, the public, and public policy, and we present recommendations to improve the adoption of open science practices by changing the academic incentive structure and by improving the education pipeline. Despite ongoing questions about implementing open science guidelines, policy makers have an unprecedented opportunity to shape the next frontier of scientific discovery.

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