scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Analía Minteguiaga ◽  
Valerie Carmel
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Informal Labour

AbstractFormal labour and affiliation to Ecuador’s social security system is the main gateway for access to social protection benefits, especially in the case of migrants. However, a large informal labour market and low levels on inclusion in the social security system forces large sectors of society to rely on family and community arrangements for the management of risk and economic uncertainty. The state provides some non-contributory benefits through cash transfer programs but, with the exception of health care, these only cover people living in conditions of extreme poverty. Universal, non-means tested programs are limited to the public health and education systems. Overall, migrants face several obstacles to access social protection benefits. Gaining the right to work legally is mostly reserved for white-collar and highly educated immigrants, excluding impoverished immigrants. Paired to the inability to access labour-related benefits and government programs for the so-called poor, immigrants lack the safety nets provided by extended family and a community setting. Nationals residing abroad have restricted access to social benefits, having access only to the contributory pension system on a voluntary basis. This chapter discusses the social protection system in Ecuador and focuses on eligibility criteria to show the extent of migrants’ access to the social benefits.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Belgium

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Pauline Melin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

Abstract Access to social benefits in Belgium is not conditional upon nationality but rather on periods of insurance to the Belgian social security system. Despite the lack of nationality conditions, a number of social benefits are made conditional upon residence of the beneficiary in Belgium. Consequently, even though the Belgian social security system appears, at first sight, as neutral regarding the migration trajectory of its beneficiaries, it might be more difficult for migrants to access, retain and export social security benefits from Belgium when compared to resident nationals. This chapter thus compares the conditions of access to social benefits for nationals and non-nationals residing in Belgium, as well as Belgian citizens residing abroad. It aims to analyse whether migration decisions impact access to and retention of social security benefits. More particularly, the analysis focuses on access to unemployment benefits, healthcare, old-age pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum income. Finally, this chapter also questions whether access to social benefits might have a consequence for the residence status of non-nationals in Belgium.

scholarly journals REGULATORY AND LEGAL PROVISION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Inna Molochenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Security System ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
The Social

One of the main components of a developed state is to ensure human rights and freedoms and decent living conditions. Ensuring social protection of people with disabilities and normal living conditions is one of the main issues today. The article reveals the essence of normative and legal provision of life of people with disabilities in Ukraine. The main legislative documents on social security and protection of people with disabilities were also collected and analyzed. In order to fully outline the real picture of the opportunities that the state provides to people in this category. The purpose of the article: to analyze the legal framework for the livelihood of people with disabilities, to determine the main provisions, purposes and activities. Research methods: during the study, the search for sources of information, relevant legal documents was used. Priority legislative documents regulating the issues of social security of people with disabilities were also analyzed and singled out. The positive and negative aspects of the social security system of life of people with disabilities have been synthesized. The received information is generalized for systematization of the basic provisions concerning social security of people with disabilities. The above material allows us to draw the following conclusions that the legal framework for the protection of people with disabilities is indeed a powerful means of improving their living conditions. It involves solving a large number of problems and issues in the field of social security for people with disabilities. The findings of the study indicate the imperfection of the system of ensuring the livelihood of people with disabilities. The main disadvantage of the system is the lack of comprehensive impact on the lives of people with disabilities. Despite the interrelationships between the regulatory and structural elements of the social security system. This system will be more effective if it works comprehensively, ie in harmony with all structural elements. The legal framework on the subject of research is a fairly extensive system, which includes a number of bylaws, which also requires detailed study, which will be the purpose of further research.

scholarly journals 100 lat systemu pomocy społecznej w Polsce Abstract.

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Brenk ◽  
Krzysztof Chaczko ◽  
Rafał Pląsek
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The goal of this article is to sum up the past hundred years of the social security system in Poland, starting with establishment thereof as Poland regained statehood in 1918. The changes which occurred in that time have been divided into three subsequent stages of the history of the Polish social security system. The first was the Interwar period when efforts were made to establish a social security system in independent Poland, in areas formerly divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia with extreme systems of social security. The next period was the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989) when the communist authorities dismantled the pre-war social security system based on cooperation between state-owned and social organisations and the Church, replacing it with inefficient structures interested only in selected social groups in need. On the other hand, the third stage, commenced in 1989, of reconstructing social security, at first offered social protection for individuals affected by the system transformation. The last dozen or so years of development of social security is characterised by increasingly visible stimulation of social and economic growth to activate people from the fringes of the society.

scholarly journals Construction of a Sustainable Social Security System in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Roman Garbiec
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Economic Equity

The paper is about the construction of a sustainable social security system in Poland which is an attempt to define the types of changes that are required for the improvement of this system at the beginning of the 21st century. Optimization of the system should be understood as economic equity and obligatory application of axioms of commonship and unification. In order to construct a valid social security system, it is necessary to define the following factors: a catalog of social risks, a method of benefit funding and parameters of the benefits to be paid. Any structurally and financially sustainable system must be designed so that all its elements are compatible both with social risks that are protected in the system and with the elements of the social security system. The paper presents the Polish social protection system together with the social security system, the risks that are protected in the social insurances and a concept of changes that should be made to optimize the social security system.

The Determinant of the Employment-Social Protection Relation in Turkey

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Davuthan Günaydın
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
The Social

Social protection can be recognized as one of the most significant social achievements of the last century. In this study one of the most important issues of labour market in Turkey - employment-social protection relationship - will be evaluated. It can hardly be argued that Turkey has a comprehensive social protection system. An important part of people who are at the age of working are not covered by the social security system with reasons such as: low labour force participation rate, prevalence of informal employment, child labour, high share of employment in the agricultural sector, the weakness of the social security system and problems of labour market regulation. This situation increases the need of social protection systems. On the other hand, weakness in coordination between the institutions those operate in the field of social assistance and lack of appropriate criteria in determining the real people in need cause inefficient and inadequate supplying of services and inefficiency in using sources.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-390
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Families With Children

Abstract This chapter discusses the accces to social benefits and social rights for nationals and foreigners in the Slovak Republic. The transformation of the social welfare system in the new republic has been a lengthy process. The current social security system is based on fairness, personal participation and solidarity. The Slovak social security system is not based on nationality and its main part builds on the social insurance system including the health insurance. The direct financial support especially for families with children and the assistance scheme for those in need also represent important parts of the welfare system in Slovakia.

scholarly journals La Liberalización (extrema) del Sistema de Protección Social Mexicano

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ilán Bizberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Public Policy Decisions

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos la transformación del sistema de protección social mexicano del corporativismo al asistencialismo, de un sistema construido sobre la base de un intercambio corporativo con las organizaciones sociales que eran la fundamento del PRI a otro en el que los pobres se han convertido en la fuente del poder político. Por otra parte, se pasó de un sistema de seguridad social basado en derechos adquiridos a otro en el que el sistema de seguridad social depende cada vez más de decisiones de política pública. Está dividido en cuatro partes: en la primera, hacemos un breve recuento histórico del sistema corporativo; en la segunda, analizamos las reformas al sistema de pensiones; en la tercera, las reformas al sistema de asistencia a los pobres; y en la cuarta, las reformas al sistema de salud.Palabras clave: Sistema de seguridad social; corporativismo; asistencia; salud, pensiones, México ***The (extreme) Liberalization of the Mexican Social Protection System.AbstractIn this paper we analyze the transformation of the Mexican social protection system from corporatism to assistance, from a system built on the basis of a corporatist exchange with the social organizations that were the foundation of the PRI to another in which the poor have become the source of political power. On the other hand, it has moved from a social security system based on acquired rights to another one in which the social security system increasingly depends on public policy decisions. It is divided into four parts: in the first, we make a brief historical account of the corporatist social protection system; In the second, we analyze the reforms to the pension system; In the third, the shift form corporatism to assistance to the poor; And in the fourth, the reforms of the health system.Keywords: Social security system, corporatism, assistance; health, pensions, Mexico. ***A Liberalização (extremo) do Sistema de Proteção Social MexicanoResumoNesse trabalho analisamos a transformação do sistema de proteção social mexicano do corporativismo ao assistencialismo, de um sistema construído sobre a base de um intercambio corporativo com as organizações sociais que eram o fundamento do PRI a outro no qual os pobres tem-se convertido na fonte do poder político. Por outra parte, passou-se de um sistema de seguridade social baseado em direitos adquiridos a outro onde o sistema de seguridade social depende cada vez mais das decisões de política pública. Está divido em quatro partes: na primeira fazemos um breve recorrido histórico do sistema corporativo; na segunda, analisamos as reformas ao sistema de pensões, na terceira, as reformas ao sistema de assistência aos pobres e na quarta, as reformas a sistema de saúde.Palavras chaves: Sistema de seguridade social; corporativismo, assistência, saúde, pensões, México. 

scholarly journals UNCONDITIONAL BASIC INCOME AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
Yaroslav PUSНAK ◽  
Olha MARCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Security System ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Transfers

Introduction. In connection of the exacerbation of the global problem of poverty and property inequality, the crisis of existing social welfare systems, the attention of scholars and practitioners is focused on finding new tools for social protection of the population. As a consequence, scientific research and practical experiments on the introduction of unconditional basic income in the world are being updated. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and determine the prerequisites for improvement of the social security system of the population based on the concept of basic income in Ukraine. Results. The relevance of the study of the preconditions, advantages, potential results and problems of introduction of unconditional basic income in Ukraine are substantiated. The authors consider the theoretical grounds for the expediency of its application in our country to compensate citizens for lost access to natural resources in an oligarchic-clan economy. An ability and sources of financing of unconditional basic income in Ukraine are analyzed. It is proposed to improve the taxation system (introduce a progressive income tax rate scale) and fiscal instruments (in particular in the area of natural resource rentals) for this purpose. The prerequisites for the introduction of basic income are defined: a high level of civic awareness and economic consciousness of the population, a stable and effective tax system, the deduction of income and property. Based on the analysis of the social structure of the population of Ukraine, its citizens’ self-assessment of their incomes, the assumption is made about the inefficiency of basic income as a stimulator of human capital development in the direction of entrepreneurship and creativity in the short term after its introduction. It is suggested that basic income in Ukrainian realities can have a positive effect on solving problems such as labor emigration, demographic situation, decline of the Ukrainian village, which requires appropriate social experiments. Conclusions. As a result, it is concluded that the use of unconditional basic income in Ukraine in combination with other social transfers is feasible under the conditions of: reforming the system of taxation and payments for the use of natural resources; legalization of shadow income; raising social standards to an objective level of satisfaction of human physiological and spiritual needs; strengthening the control over the efficiency of use of budgetary funds; stimulating investment in human capital; infrastructure improvements; raising the standard of living of the poorest population groups. Key words: social security, social inequality, poverty, unconditional basic income, citizens’ incomes, social transfers.

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