scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Portuguese Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 387-407
Author(s):  
José Carlos Marques ◽  
Pedro Góis
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Present State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
The State ◽  
Welfare Regimes

Abstract Portugal is a traditional country of emigration with a multigenerational diaspora spread across a large number of countries. In the last 50 years, especially after the 1974 revolution, it developed a welfare state that responds to the needs of residents (including immigrants). Traditionally, this welfare state has been described as fragile in comparison with other welfare regimes in Europe. Nevertheless, it was built as a universal welfare system based on jus solis and deterritorialized jus sanguinis regime. The study of the extension of social protection to Portuguese citizens living abroad had not yet received sufficient attention, albeit recurrent news on measures and strategies that the state put in practice to assist Portuguese emigrants in need. This chapter will survey some of the recent policies to reach citizens abroad by showing the limits of the Portuguese welfare state in action. Through these policies and actions, Portugal projects an image of an always-present state that extents its national powers beyond the limits of its territorially confined borders.

scholarly journals Social innovation as a policy response to restructure the welfare state

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Doğa Başar Sariipek ◽  
Gökçe Cerev ◽  
Bora Yenihan
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The State ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Welfare State

The focus of this paper is the interaction between social innovation and restructuring welfare state. Modern welfare states have been reconfiguring their welfare mixes through social innovation. This includes a productive integration of formal and informal actors with support and leading role of the state. This collaboration becomes significantly important since it means the integration of not only the actors, but also their capabilities and resources in today’s world where new social risks and new social challenges have emerged and no actor can overcome these by its own. Therefore, social innovation is a useful tool in the new role sharing within the welfare mix in order to reach higher levels of satisfaction and success in welfare provision. The main point here is that this is not a zero-sum competition; gaining more power of the actors other than the state – the market, civil society organisations and the family – does not necessarily mean that the state lost its leading role and power. This is rather a new type of cooperation among actors and their capabilities as well as their resources in welfare provision. In this sense, social innovation may contribute well to the debates over the financial crisis of the welfare state since it may lead to the more wisely use of existing resources of welfare actors. Thanks to social innovative programs, not only the NGOs, but also market forces as well as citizens are more active to access welfare provisions and social protection in the broadest sense. Thus, social innovative strategies are definitely a solid step taken towards “enabling” or “active” welfare state.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Romania

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
Irina Burlacu ◽  
Sorina Soare ◽  
Daniela Vintila
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Social Provisions

Abstract This chapter examines to what extent the Romanian welfare system covers resident citizens compared to foreigners residing in Romania and Romanians living abroad. In doing so, we analyse existing social policies aiming to ensure their coverage against a variety of risks at different life-cycle stages, including unemployment, poverty, sickness and old-age. The main conclusion is that the Romanian welfare state is open to all residents, regardless of their nationality, thus providing everyone equal grounds for accessing social benefits. The criterion of residence on the Romanian soil is, however, prevalent. This implies that relatively few social provisions are extended for non-resident Romanians, which represent an increasingly sizeable community given the intensity of migration outflows in recent years. Furthermore, the Romanian social protection system has had relatively little impact on reducing the risk of poverty and income inequality in the country, despite regular amendments during the last years.

Nouveaux principes de référence et différenciation des arbitrages politiques : le cas des politiques à l'égard des sans-emploi

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Boismenu ◽  
Pascale Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Reference Et ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractThis article underlines three principles of reference that renew discourse on and comprehension of the role of the state in social protection towards unemployed people. At a certain level of abstraction, those principles of reference are present in many countries. They lead to label and to understand situations in different terms of which we were familiar during the Welfare State apogee. At the same time, they permit and open up to various political orientations and mechanisms of implementation. This dualism is emphasized. Four countries are referenced for this discussion: Canada, France, Germany and Sweden. The study considers the way in which problems are stated in their principles and the implementation of programmes. Policies and programmes implemented reveal logics of intervention which suggest different ways to consider the articulation between the « integrated area » and the « excluded area » of the society.

scholarly journals WELFARE STATE: AN ANALYSIS ON THE EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT INDICES ON BRAZILIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Marjorie Cristina da Cruz Bernardino ◽  
Barbara Lucchesi Ramacciotti
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Pedagogical Practice

This text proposes to present briefly topics related to the state and social protection theme and their impact on the quality of education. They aim to scrutinize the historical order and evolution of the state of social protection and its emergence, as well as its importance not only in Brazil but also in the world within the field of public policies. The discussions about the quality of education in Brazil raise questions about teacher training, financing, physical structure of the building, pedagogical practice, socioeconomic profile of the student and school management - elements considered determinants of the quality of education in a school unit. Within the framework of the discussions are the external evaluations as a way of qualifying the schools and the education systems in the country. The application of tests that assess the academic performance of students from public and private schools in Brazil became a constant from the 1990s, after the State reform and with a new political agenda for the educational area, in view of the reconfiguration of the economy and the valuation of criteria such as efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and competences for Brazilian education. The guiding problem of work is pubic and social policies as an instrument of the Welfare State. It is based on the hypothesis of the need for public policies at the federal, state and municipal levels that relate to the quality of education and to what is the citizen's right or need in its basic aspects. It is a study described in documentary review and literature. It is hoped to contribute between the relationship of the state of social protection and education and reaffirm its importance for the social and political development of citizens and citizenship.

From a dualized labor market to a dualized welfare state: Employment insecurity and welfare state development in South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-93
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
State Development ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
State Employment ◽  
Welfare State Development

What explains South Korea’s underdeveloped welfare system and recent departure from it? The existing scholarship fails to offer a compelling theory that accounts for the trajectory of the Korean welfare state. Finding dominant theories stressing variables such as regime type or globalization inadequate, this article argues that Korea’s dualized labor market has been a critical factor in shaping institutions of social protection. Its labor markets are characterized by segmentation between insiders who benefit from strong employment protection and outsiders who are exposed to a greater degree of labor market risk. Korea’s welfare system, which is built on the provision of welfare benefits to insiders, has replicated this labor market dualism. The recent expansion of social protection also reflects the insider–outsider division, with the interest of insiders being key variables. The weakening of employment protection, or the prospect of it, led this key group to develop an interest in more broad-based social protection programs. Based on this political logic, this article provides an analysis of Korea’s welfare state development.

scholarly journals Child protection, capitalism and the settler state

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Role Of The State

The year 2019 represented a watershed moment for Aotearoa New Zealand’s child welfare system, as a public spotlight was shone on systemic ethnic inequities during ongoing legislative changes aimed at centering Te Tiriti o Waitangi and whänau, hapü, and iwi considerations in policy and practice. In the midst of this dialogue, Victoria University of Wellington’s School of Government hosted the “Children, Families, and the State”– a seminar series focused on the historical, current, and future role of the state in the lives of families and children. The seminars, and the discussion it generated, was due to the calls to action from speakers across the system, including leadership at Oranga Tamariki, within the family court, non-profit providers, commissioners and advocates, and academics. The four brief essays in this edition of Policy Quarterly capture viewpoints from several of the seminar speakers. Despite their different perspectives, common threads unite them. A greater recognition of the structural causes of the historical and current patterns of ethnic inequities in child welfare system contact, a commitment to whänau, hapü, and iwi-centred policy, practice, and partnership, the authors argue, are vital for a more just and empowering system. Here, Ian Hyslop highlights the ways in which New Zealand’s history of racism and colonialism has shaped the child welfare system today, and how a radical redistribution of power to whānau and iwi can help restore the social protection of children.  

scholarly journals A Constituição e as políticas públicas em Portugal

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Lurdes Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro Adão e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
Education For All ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Commitments

The legal foundation for the public policies developed and pursued in Portugal over the last 30 years is the 1976 Constitution and its successive revisions. The inclusion in the Constitution of an obligation on the part of the state to promote and organise public policies designed to construct a welfare state, guaranteeing social protection, healthcare and education for all, was the result of party political commitments that were decisive elements in the creation and consolidation of the free and universal public services we know today.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Regulating for Welfare: Regulation Preventing Loss of Access to Basic Services in the UK, Sweden, the EU, and Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 691 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Hanan Haber
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Regulatory Governance ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Context ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Welfare State

What does the state do to prevent consumers from losing access to basic services in the market due to financial hardship, and under what conditions will this occur? Bringing together the literature on regulatory governance and the welfare state, this article compares regulatory regimes that prevent loss of access to services in the UK, Sweden, and Israel in housing credit, electricity, and water, as well as to the electricity and housing credit sectors in the EU, from the early 1990s to the 2010s. The article finds that regulation to address this issue was introduced in all but the Swedish cases. This highlights the significance of the welfare state context in addressing these issues through regulation, as more residual welfare regimes are associated with more social protection through regulation.

scholarly journals ‘Moderate universalism’ in China and the Nordic countries: reviewing the major challenges in unemployment protection

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Kongshøj
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Household Registration ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Chinese Policy ◽  
Policy Fields

Rapid welfare expansion is taking place in China across a range of policy fields. In the Nordic countries, intra-Nordic diversity and significant policy changes are not difficult to identify despite the notion of universal Nordic welfare regimes. This article will bridge these very different worlds of welfare in an effort to classify the Chinese unemployment-protection system with a comparative framework aimed at furthering the emerging Sino-Nordic research dialogue. This research dialogue has gained relevance in recent years with the new official Chinese goal of building a more universal welfare system. Welfare research that includes China from a comparative perspective is still extremely rare. Despite the lofty Chinese goals, many Chinese policy challenges still loom large. These are the rural-urban divide exacerbated by the Chinese household registration system, coverage of unemployment insurance and social assistance, inadequate and declining benefit levels, and, finally, funding issues. As this article will also substantiate, Denmark and Finland are something approaching best cases for illustrating intra-Nordic diversity. As regards the Chinese challenges, it is explained how they can to some extent be understood as the teething troubles of a developmental welfare state, since the Nordic counterparts have faced similar issues during their eras of welfare expansion.

Neither Welfare State nor Welfare Society: The Case of Hong Kong

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chack-kie Wong ◽  
Kenneth Kin-lam Chau ◽  
Timothy Ka-ying Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Welfare Society

This article points to the simple fact that modern welfare systems are neither welfare states nor are they welfare societies. In reality, they are a combination of both. The current interpretation of the supposed dichotomy of these two institutions has inhibited our understanding of reality. Consequently, this has obscured the complicated ways in which the state and the society have worked together to harmonize the needs for social protection and active citizenship. In the present article, the example of a Chinese welfare system has been used to illustrate that even a welfare system usually not regarded as a welfare state can develop strong universal welfare state programmes. In order to demonstrate the significance of this situation, findings related to public attitudes have been cited to reflect the support of both policy assumptions underlying social protection and active citizenship in the welfare system that is under review.

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