HREM image simulations for supported metal particle catalysts

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 736-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hui Yao ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Profile View ◽  
Imaging Conditions ◽  
Image Simulations ◽  
Supported Metal

The chemical properties of catalysts often depend on the size, shape and structure of the supported metal particles. To characterize these morphological features and relate them to catalysis is one of the main objectives for HREM study of catalysts. However, in plan view imaging, details of the shape and structure of ultra-fine supported particles (<2nm) are often obscured by the overlapping contrast from the support, and supported sub-nanometer particles are sometimes even invisible. Image simulations may help in the interpretation at HREM images of supported particles in particular to extract useful information about the size, shape and structure of the particles. It should also be a useful tool for evaluating the imaging conditions in terms of visibility of supported particles. P. L. Gai et al have studied contrast from metal particles supported on amorphous material using multislice simulations. In order to better understand the influence of a crystalline support on the visibility and apparent morphological features of supported fine particles, we have calculated images of Pt and Re particles supported on TiO2(rutile) in both plan view and profile view.

Emotion Recognition of Facial Expressions Presented in Profile

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110184
Author(s):  
Paola Surcinelli ◽  
Federica Andrei ◽  
Ornella Montebarocci ◽  
Silvana Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Profile View ◽  
The Face ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Face Stimuli ◽  
Affective Information

Aim of the research The literature on emotion recognition from facial expressions shows significant differences in recognition ability depending on the proposed stimulus. Indeed, affective information is not distributed uniformly in the face and recent studies showed the importance of the mouth and the eye regions for a correct recognition. However, previous studies used mainly facial expressions presented frontally and studies which used facial expressions in profile view used a between-subjects design or children faces as stimuli. The present research aims to investigate differences in emotion recognition between faces presented in frontal and in profile views by using a within subjects experimental design. Method The sample comprised 132 Italian university students (88 female, Mage = 24.27 years, SD = 5.89). Face stimuli displayed both frontally and in profile were selected from the KDEF set. Two emotion-specific recognition accuracy scores, viz., frontal and in profile, were computed from the average of correct responses for each emotional expression. In addition, viewing times and response times (RT) were registered. Results Frontally presented facial expressions of fear, anger, and sadness were significantly better recognized than facial expressions of the same emotions in profile while no differences were found in the recognition of the other emotions. Longer viewing times were also found when faces expressing fear and anger were presented in profile. In the present study, an impairment in recognition accuracy was observed only for those emotions which rely mostly on the eye regions.

Within-person variability can improve the identification of unfamiliar faces across changes in viewpoint

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110097
Author(s):  
Niamh Hunnisett ◽  
Simone Favelle
Keyword(s):  
Image Matching ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Target Image ◽  
Front View ◽  
Multiple Image ◽  
Profile View ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Sequential Matching ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Unfamiliar face identification is concerningly error prone, especially across changes in viewing conditions. Within-person variability has been shown to improve matching performance for unfamiliar faces, but this has only been demonstrated using images of a front view. In this study, we test whether the advantage of within-person variability from front views extends to matching to target images of a face rotated in view. Participants completed either a simultaneous matching task (Experiment 1) or a sequential matching task (Experiment 2) in which they were tested on their ability to match the identity of a face shown in an array of either one or three ambient front-view images, with a target image shown in front, three-quarter, or profile view. While the effect was stronger in Experiment 2, we found a consistent pattern in match trials across both experiments in that there was a multiple image matching benefit for front, three-quarter, and profile-view targets. We found multiple image effects for match trials only, indicating that providing observers with multiple ambient images confers an advantage for recognising different images of the same identity but not for discriminating between images of different identities. Signal detection measures also indicate a multiple image advantage despite a more liberal response bias for multiple image trials. Our results show that within-person variability information for unfamiliar faces can be generalised across views and can provide insights into the initial processes involved in the representation of familiar faces.

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of species of the Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with cuboid basidiospores

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 391 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
FERNANDA KARSTEDT ◽  
MARINA CAPELARI ◽  
TIMOTHY J. BARONI ◽  
DAVID L. LARGENT ◽  
SARAH E. BERGEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Profile View ◽  
Pileus Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

The generic or subgeneric delimitation by morphology of the Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is often based on the habit and external features of the basidiomata, the hyphal arrangement of the pileus surface and the shape of the basidiospores, which possess either bumps or undulate-pustules forming short ridges, or longitudinal ridges or are obviously angular with four to nine angles in profile view. Here, we examine the basidiospore shape of species in the /Entoloma clade described as cuboid to evaluate its importance in taxonomy using both phylogenetic and detailed analyses of the shape with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Our phylogenetic analyses support the placement of species with cuboid basidiospores into one of two clades. Based on this separation, two new subgenera of Entoloma are proposed: Cuboeccilia with an omphalinoid habit and fusoid cystidia and Cubospora which has a mycenoid to tricholomatoid habit and clavate, rarely fusoid cheilocystidia.

scholarly journals Are faces easier to recognize in 3/4 view than in full-face or profile view?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-336
Author(s):  
C. H. Liu ◽  
J. Lalonde ◽  
A. Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Profile View ◽  
Full Face

scholarly journals Classification and Treatment of Glabella-Radix Deficiency in Primary Augmentation Rhinoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray-Hon Chang ◽  
Yean-Lu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  
Augmentation Rhinoplasty ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Front View ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Profile View ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Classification And Treatment

Abstract Background A systematic approach to treating glabella-radix deficiency is lacking, and the management of brow-tip aesthetic lines remains technically challenging. Objectives The authors describe implantation of a customized Gore-Tex prosthesis combined with primary augmentation rhinoplasty to address the glabella-radix deficiency. Methods Fifty Asian patients with glabella-radix deficiency who received implantation and primary augmentation rhinoplasty were retrospectively evaluated in an 8-year period. Patients were assigned to categories based on brow-tip contour lines and symmetry patterns, and implant dimensions were ascertained from the contour type and from simulated postoperative results. Results Eleven men and 39 women were included in the study; the mean patient age was 27.22 years, and mean follow-up was 22.8 months. Seven of the patients were assigned to the type I/Ia category, 24 to type II/IIa, and 19 to type III/IIIa. Forty-five patients were considered to have satisfactory surgical results, with curved, symmetric, and normally spaced brow-tip lines on front view and a smooth frontonasal transition on profile view. Complications occurred in 5 patients and included infection (1 patient), inadequate augmentation (2), and palpable margin folding of the Gore-Tex device (2). Conclusions Deformities of brow-tip contour lines coincide with glabella-radix deficiencies in terms of severity. Knowledge of the patterns of brow-tip lines, combined with postoperative image simulation, can help the surgeon design an appropriate glabella-radix prosthesis. When placed in conjunction with other augmentation rhinoplasty procedures, the glabella-radix implant yields sufficient, predictable nasal projection and a harmonious facial aesthetic. Level of Evidence: 4

Anterior-Posterior (AP) Calcaneal Profile View: A Novel Radiographic Image to Assess Varus Malalignment

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255
Author(s):  
John Y. Kwon ◽  
Bruno Moura ◽  
Tyler Gonzalez ◽  
Christopher P. Miller ◽  
Jorge Briceno
Keyword(s):  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Varus Malalignment ◽  
Profile View ◽  
Varus Angulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcaneus Fractures ◽  
Axial View ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background: Assessing and correcting malalignment is important when treating calcaneus fractures. The Harris axial view is commonly utilized to assess varus deformity but may be inherently inaccurate due to its tangential nature. The anterior-posterior (AP) calcaneal profile view is a novel radiographic view that is easily obtained with demonstrated increased accuracy for assessing calcaneal axial alignment. Methods: Five nonpaired ankle cadaveric specimens were used in this investigation. Oblique osteotomies were created in relation to the long axis, and varus deformities were produced by inserting solid radiolucent wedges into the osteotomies to create models of 10, 20, and 30 degrees of angulation of the calcaneal tuberosity. Specimens were imaged using both the Harris axial view and the AP calcaneal profile view. Results: For cadavers with 10 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris axial view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 10.9 ± 4.8 (range, 5.5-16.0) degrees and 13.0 ± 5.5 (range, 7.3-20.9) degrees, respectively. For cadavers with 20 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 11.5 ± 2 (range, 8.2-13.6) degrees and 18.1 ± 4.8 (range, 11.7-23.5) degrees, respectively ( P = .005). On pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction, there was a significant difference between the Harris axial view angle and both the AP calcaneal profile view angle ( P = .012) and actual angulation ( P = .011). For cadavers with 30 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris axial view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 18.3 ± 4.3 (range, 13.3-23.6) degrees and 28.3 ± 2.9 (range, 24.4-31.1) degrees, respectively ( P < .001). On pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction, there was a significant difference between the Harris axial view angle and both the AP calcaneal profile view angle ( P = .001) and actual angulation ( P < .001). There was no significant difference between the AP calcaneal profile view angle and actual angulation ( P > .999). Conclusion: The AP calcaneal profile view is a novel radiographic view that is easily obtained with demonstrated increased accuracy for assessing calcaneal axial alignment. While both views demonstrated similar measurement error for lesser degrees of varus malalignment, the AP calcaneal profile view demonstrated more accurate measurement of increasing heel varus compared with the Harris view. Clinical Relevance: The AP calcaneal profile view could be used in addition to other radiographic views when treating displaced, intra-articular calcaneus fractures to help optimize correction of hindfoot alignment.

Shapes of Figures Identified as a Baby's Head

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice T. Gardner ◽  
Lise Wallach
Keyword(s):  
Head Shape ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Projection Screen ◽  
Profile View ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Undergraduate Men

The difference in shape between a profile view of the head of the infant and of the adult was used to derive a formula which yields a family of shapes, ranging from extremely exaggerated adult heads to extremely exaggerated baby heads. These figures were shown in pairs on a projection screen to 146 undergraduate women and 46 undergraduate men, who were instructed to judge which figure was more babyish. The results show that this dimension of head shape was an effective determinant of such judgments and that it included distorted figures which were more optimal than the accurate representation of the baby's head.

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