The Landscape for Women in the Sciences: Persistence Amidst Societal and Institutional Barriers

The Determinants of Entrepreneurship Development in Spatial Systems

Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja ◽

10.24917/20833296.13.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 8-24

Author(s):

Zbigniew Zioło

Keyword(s):

Spatial Scales ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Entrepreneurship Development ◽

Continental Scale ◽

Spatial Systems ◽

Business Conditions ◽

Mutual Relations ◽

Growth Shape ◽

Strategic Goal

The processes of technological progress create new opportunities for economic, social and cultural growth, shape new relations between economic entities and their environment, and influence changes in the determinants of entrepreneurship development. These processes vary significantly in certain geographic locations, characterised by an enormous diversity of natural, social, economic and cultural structures. As a consequence, this creates different opportunities and different conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in certain spatial scales, from the continental scale, through national and regional to local scales. The article presents complex conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, highlights its limitations resulting from institutional barriers, and the importance of knowing the mechanisms of mutual relations between spatial systems and the influence of control instruments. The quality of central and local government authorities is of particular significance here, which do not always properly use the mechanisms of rational business support. A serious barrier to the development of entrepreneurship is the low quality of social capital, manifested in a lack of trust in institutional authorities and reluctance to engage in entrepreneurship and business development. The conclusions point out that further research should be developed that will take into account changing business conditions, with a defined strategic goal of raising the quality and standard of living, international competitiveness of the country and products in different market categories.

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Investigating Institutional Barriers and Resources for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

10.26536/fsr.2018.22.03.01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Scott Hall

Keyword(s):

Teaching And Learning ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Scholarship Of Teaching

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Institutional Barriers to Stock Market: Evidence from Bhutan and Thailand

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1595084 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Jenifer Piesse ◽

Roger Nicholas Strange ◽

Bruce Allen Hearn

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Institutional Barriers

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Understanding the challenges to investigating and prosecuting organ trafficking: a comparative analysis of two cases

Trends in Organized Crime ◽

10.1007/s12117-021-09421-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Frederike Ambagtsheer

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Organ Trafficking ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Human Organ ◽

Cross Border ◽

Successful Case ◽

Mixed Method Design ◽

Organ Trade ◽

Case Outcome

AbstractThe human organ trade is proliferating globally. However, far fewer cases have been prosecuted than would be expected based on estimates of the crime. Research exploring the challenges to investigating and prosecuting organ trafficking cases is practically non-existent. Also no studies exist that explain these challenges utilizing a criminal justice framework. This article aims to explain the legal, institutional and environmental factors that affected the investigation and prosecution of two organ trafficking cases: the Netcare case, exposed in South Africa and the Medicus case, exposed in Kosovo. It analyzes these factors through a comparative, mixed-method design, utilizing a theoretical criminal justice framework. Both cases constituted globally operating criminal networks involving brokers and transplant professionals that colluded in organizing illegal transplants. Both cases contained human trafficking elements, however only the Medicus case was prosecuted as a human trafficking case. Legal uncertainty, a lack of institutional readiness and cross-border collaboration issues hampered investigation and prosecution of the Netcare case. The Medicus case also reported problems during cross-border collaboration, as well as a corrupt environment and institutional barriers, which impeded a successful case outcome. Recommendations to improve enforcement of organ trafficking include improving identification of suspicious transplant activity, strengthening cross-border collaboration and enhancing whistleblower protection laws.

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Understanding institutional barriers in the climate change adaptation planning process of the city of Beirut: vicious cycles and opportunities

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change ◽

10.1007/s11027-021-09961-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Zea-Reyes ◽

Veronica Olivotto ◽

Sylvia I. Bergh

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Planning Process ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Data Bank ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Political Interference ◽

Poor Individual ◽

Competing Priorities

AbstractCities around the world are confronted with the need to put in place climate adaptation policies to protect citizens and properties from climate change impacts. This article applies components of the framework developed by Moser and Ekström (2010) onto empirical qualitative data to diagnose institutional barriers to climate change adaptation in the Municipality of Beirut, Lebanon. Our approach reveals the presence of two vicious cycles influencing each other. In the first cycle, the root cause barrier is major political interference generating competing priorities and poor individual interest in climate change. A second vicious cycle is derived from feedbacks caused by the first and leading to the absence of a dedicated department where sector specific climate risk information is gathered and shared with other departments, limited knowledge and scientific understanding, as well as a distorted framing or vision, where climate change is considered unrelated to other issues and is to be dealt with at higher levels of government. The article also highlights the need to analyze interlinkages between barriers in order to suggest how to overcome them. The most common way to overcome barriers according to interviewees is through national and international support followed by the creation of a data bank. These opportunities could be explored by national and international policy-makers to break the deadlock in Beirut.

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Exploring maternal nutrition counseling provided by health professionals during antenatal care follow-up: a qualitative study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia-2019

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-021-00427-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matyas Atnafu Alehegn ◽

Tsegaye Kebede Fanta ◽

Agumas Fentahun Ayalew

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Study Design ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Nutrition Counseling ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Size Adjustment ◽

Sample Size Adjustment ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Abstract Background Nutritional awareness and practice of women during pregnancy could be determining their nutritional status, which significantly affects the outcome of pregnancy. Therefore this study aims to explore the maternal nutrition counseling provided by health professionals for pregnant women, Barriers to maternal nutrition, and major interventions. Methods A descriptive study design with a qualitative method by using ground theory tradition, based on constructivist research approach and Charmaz’s (2000) study design has been conducted from September-01/2019 _November-16/2019 among pregnant women who got ANC service in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A purposive sampling technique was used. Practical observations and in-depth interviews were conducted. The sample size adjustment has been carried out according to the information saturation obtained, and finally, 81 practical observations, In-depth interview with two center managers, nine health professionals and eleven term pregnant women has been conducted. An observational checklist and Semi-structured, open-ended questionnaires were used. Data, the environment, and methodological triangulation were carried out. A conceptual framework has been established based on the data collected about the whole process of maternal nutrition counseling during pregnancy. ATLAS TI software was utilized for information analysis. The results Most participants responded that maternal nutrition counseling provided to pregnant mothers is not adequate and neglected by most stakeholders. From 81 practical observations, health professionals counseled to mothers were 10 what to feed, 4 what to limit to consume, and 5 were counseled about what to eat during pregnancy. Close to all the respondents agreed on the importance of providing nutrition counseled by the nutritionists. Most of the study participants emphasized a shortage of time as primary barriers. Institutional Barriers, Professional Barriers, Maternal Barriers, and Community Barriers were major barriers to nutrition counseling. Conclusions Generally, maternal nutrition counseling provided to pregnant mothers was not adequate and neglected by most stakeholders. Shortage of time due to client flow, Institutional Barriers, Professional Barriers, Maternal Barriers, and Community Barriers were major categories of maternal nutritional counseling barriers. Information update and timely preparation were recommended to health professionals.

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Diagnosing delivery capabilities on a large international nature-based solutions project

npj Urban Sustainability ◽

10.1038/s42949-021-00036-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thami Croeser ◽

Georgia E. Garrard ◽

Freya M. Thomas ◽

Trinh Duc Tran ◽

Ian Mell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Project Teams ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Risk Averse ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

Significant Control ◽

Implementation Gap ◽

Organisational Cultures

AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly at the centre of urban strategies to mitigate heatwaves and flooding, improve public health and restore biodiversity. However, on-ground implementation has been slow, inconsistent and often limited to demonstration sites. A broad literature consistently highlights institutional barriers as a major reason for the observed implementation gap. In this study, we developed and deployed an assessment tool to identify barriers to NBS delivery on a European Commission Horizon 2020 project spanning seven cities. We found that practitioners were effectively navigating challenges in the areas where they had significant control, including community engagement, strategy development and technical skills. The greatest barriers were outside the influence of project teams: understaffing, a lack of intra-organisational processes, and risk-averse organisational cultures. These findings emphasise that after cities embrace NBS at the strategic and political level, it is vital that executives follow through with the necessary pragmatic reforms to enable delivery.

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