Current and Futuristic Roadmap of Ovarian Cancer Management: An Overview

AbstractChina and the rest of the world are experiencing an outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Patients with cancer are more susceptible to viral infection and are more likely to develop severe complications, as compared to healthy individuals. The growing spread of COVID-19 presents challenges for the clinical care of patients with gynecological malignancies. Ovarian debulking surgery combined with the frequent need for chemotherapy is most likely why ovarian cancer was rated as the gynecologic cancer most affected by COVID-19. Therefore, ovarian cancer presents a particular challenging task. Concerning the ovarian cancer studies with confirmed COVID-19 reported from large-scale general hospitals in Wuhan, we hold that the treatment plan was adjusted appropriately and an individualized remedy was implemented. The recommendations discussed here were developed mainly based on the experience from Wuhan. We advise that the management strategy for ovarian cancer patients should be adjusted in the light of the local epidemic situation and formulated according to the pathological type, tumor stage and the current treatment phase. Online medical service is an effective and convenient communication platform during the pandemic.

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Concurrent Endometrial Intraepithelial Carcinoma (EIC) and Serous Ovarian Cancer: Can EIC Be Seen as the Precursor Lesion?

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0b013e3182434a81 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 457-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Thijs Roelofsen ◽

Léon C.L.T. van Kempen ◽

Jeroen A.W.M. van der Laak ◽

Maaike A. van Ham ◽

Johan Bulten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Progesterone Receptor ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Neoplastic Progression ◽

Precursor Lesion ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Ploidy Analysis ◽

Intraepithelial Carcinoma

ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is still unknown. Recently, endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC) was proposed to be the precursor lesion of SOC. This study examines the model of EIC as precursor for SOC.MethodsCases of SOC with a noninvasive or superficially invasive serous lesion, a hyperplastic lesion with/without atypia, or EIC in the endometrium were selected for inclusion in this study. Tissue sections from both ovaries, the fallopian tubes, and the uterus were extensively reviewed by an expert gynecopathologist. For both EIC and SOC, immunostaining for p53, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor; TP53 mutation analysis; and in situ ploidy analysis were performed.ResultsNine cases of SOC with concurrent EIC in the endometrium were identified. Immunostaining for p53, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor revealed almost identical expression patterns and similar intensities in each pair of EIC and coincident SOC. Identical TP53 mutations were found in SOC and coinciding EIC in 33% of the cases, suggesting a clonal origin. DNA ploidy analysis, as a marker for neoplastic progression, demonstrated an increased number of aneuploid nuclei in SOC compared to their corresponding EIC (P = 0.039). In addition, the mean amount of DNA per nucleus in SOC was higher (ie, more aneuploid) compared to EIC (P = 0.039).ConclusionThis study provides a first indication of EIC as possible precursor lesion for SOC. This finding could have major clinical implications for future ovarian cancer management and underscores EIC as a possible target for early SOC detection and prevention.

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Hand-Assisted Robotic Surgery for Ovarian Cancer Management

Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.653 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. S203

Author(s):

C. Chan ◽

L.-H. Chiu ◽

C.-H. Chen ◽

W.-M. Liu

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Robotic Surgery ◽

Cancer Management

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Shaping the standard of care in ovarian cancer management: A review of Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)/NRG oncology clinical trials of the past twenty years

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.02.020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 153 (3) ◽

pp. 479-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul A. DiSilvestro

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Gynecologic Oncology Group ◽

Oncology Group ◽

Cancer Management ◽

The Past ◽

Oncology Clinical Trials

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The application of metabolomics in ovarian cancer management: a systematic review

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-2020-001862 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. ijgc-2020-001862

Author(s):

Yousra Ahmed-Salim ◽

Nicolas Galazis ◽

Timothy Bracewell-Milnes ◽

David L Phelps ◽

Benjamin P Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

English Language ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Phospholipid Metabolism ◽

Fast Method ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Cancer Management

Metabolomics, the global analysis of metabolites in a biological specimen, could potentially provide a fast method of biomarker identification for ovarian cancer. This systematic review aims to examine findings from studies that apply metabolomics to the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and recurrence of ovarian cancer. A systematic search of English language publications was conducted on PubMed, Science Direct, and SciFinder. It was augmented by a snowball strategy, whereby further relevant studies are identified from reference lists of included studies. Studies in humans with ovarian cancer which focus on metabolomics of biofluids and tumor tissue were included. No restriction was placed on the time of publication. A separate review of targeted metabolomic studies was conducted for completion. Qualitative data were summarized in a comprehensive table. The studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the ROBINS-I tool. 32 global studies were included in the main systematic review. Most studies applied metabolomics to diagnosing ovarian cancer, within which the most frequently reported metabolite changes were a down-regulation of phospholipids and amino acids: histidine, citrulline, alanine, and methionine. Dysregulated phospholipid metabolism was also reported in the separately reviewed 18 targeted studies. Generally, combinations of more than one significant metabolite as a panel, in different studies, achieved a higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis than a single metabolite; for example, combinations of different phospholipids. Widespread metabolite differences were observed in studies examining prognosis, treatment, and recurrence, and limited conclusions could be drawn. Cellular processes of proliferation and invasion may be reflected in metabolic changes present in poor prognosis and recurrence. For example, lower levels of lysine, with increased cell invasion as an underlying mechanism, or glutamine dependency of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. In conclusion, this review highlights potential metabolites and biochemical pathways which may aid the clinical care of ovarian cancer if further validated.

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PARP Inhibitors and the Evolving Landscape of Ovarian Cancer Management: A Review

BioDrugs ◽

10.1007/s40259-019-00347-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 255-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sarah A. Cook ◽

Anna V. Tinker

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Parp Inhibitors ◽

Cancer Management

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Letrozole in the management of advanced ovarian cancer: an old drug as a new targeted therapy

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-2019-001128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1058-1064

Author(s):

Claudia Marchetti ◽

Francesca De Felice ◽

Raffaella Ergasti ◽

Giovanni Scambia ◽

Anna Fagotti

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Maintenance Treatment ◽

Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Low Grade ◽

Toxicity Profile ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Free Interval ◽

Optimal Setting

At present, there is no standard of care on the use of letrozole in ovarian cancer management. We performed a systematic review of the available literature addressing this issue. Data demonstrated a role for letrozole in ovarian cancer, in both the primary and recurrent setting. Letrozole, which has a favorable toxicity profile, seems to assure a prolonged recurrence-free interval, particularly when used as maintenance treatment, in low grade serous ovarian cancer; in recurrent cases it had also led to prolonged disease control. However, the optimal setting and biologically relevant patient population needs to be defined in larger trials.

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Bioinformatics Analysis of Global Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Data Sets Revealed Activation of NEK2 and AURKA in Cancers

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10020237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Barnali Deb ◽

Pratyay Sengupta ◽

Janani Sambath ◽

Prashant Kumar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Human Tumor ◽

Aurora Kinase ◽

Data Sets ◽

Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Cancer Côlon

Tumor heterogeneity attributes substantial challenges in determining the treatment regimen. Along with the conventional treatment, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted therapy has greater impact in cancer management. Owing to the recent advancements in proteomics, we aimed to mine and re-interrogate the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) data sets which contain deep scale, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets conducted on human tumor samples. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets of tumor samples were explored and downloaded from the CPTAC database for six different cancers types (breast cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), colon cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), ovarian cancer, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC)). We identified 880 phosphopeptide signatures for differentially regulated phosphorylation sites across five cancer types (breast cancer, colon cancer, LUAD, ovarian cancer, and UCEC). We identified the cell cycle to be aberrantly activated across these cancers. The correlation of proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets identified changes in the phosphorylation of 12 kinases with unchanged expression levels. We further investigated phosphopeptide signature across five cancer types which led to the prediction of aurora kinase A (AURKA) and kinases-serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek2 (NEK2) as the most activated kinases targets. The drug designed for these kinases could be repurposed for treatment across cancer types.

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