scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities for ovarian cancer management in the epidemic of Covid-19: lessons learned from Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilan Chen ◽  
Chun Zhang ◽  
Jiu Yin ◽  
Xin Xin ◽  
Hemei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cancer Management

AbstractChina and the rest of the world are experiencing an outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Patients with cancer are more susceptible to viral infection and are more likely to develop severe complications, as compared to healthy individuals. The growing spread of COVID-19 presents challenges for the clinical care of patients with gynecological malignancies. Ovarian debulking surgery combined with the frequent need for chemotherapy is most likely why ovarian cancer was rated as the gynecologic cancer most affected by COVID-19. Therefore, ovarian cancer presents a particular challenging task. Concerning the ovarian cancer studies with confirmed COVID-19 reported from large-scale general hospitals in Wuhan, we hold that the treatment plan was adjusted appropriately and an individualized remedy was implemented. The recommendations discussed here were developed mainly based on the experience from Wuhan. We advise that the management strategy for ovarian cancer patients should be adjusted in the light of the local epidemic situation and formulated according to the pathological type, tumor stage and the current treatment phase. Online medical service is an effective and convenient communication platform during the pandemic.

The emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-xue Wang ◽  
Yi-xiang Wang ◽  
Yi-ke Li ◽  
Shi-yan Tu ◽  
Yi-qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is its most common form. OC has both a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate due to the difficulties of early diagnosis, the limitation of current treatment and resistance to chemotherapy. Extracellular vesicles is a heterogeneous group of cellderived submicron vesicles which can be detected in body fluids, and it can be classified into three main types including exosomes, micro-vesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Cancer cells can produce more EVs than healthy cells. Moreover, the contents of these EVs have been found distinct from each other. It has been considered that EVs shedding from tumor cells may be implicated in clinical applications. Such as a tool for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and potential treatment of certain cancers. In this review, we provide a brief description of EVs in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, drug-resistant of OC. Cancer-related EVs show powerful influences on tumors by various biological mechanisms. However, the contents mentioned above remain in the laboratory stage and there is a lack of large-scale clinical trials, and the maturity of the purification and detection methods is a constraint. In addition, amplification of oncogenes on ecDNA is remarkably prevalent in cancer, it may be possible that ecDNA can be encapsulated in EVs and thus detected by us. In summary, much more research on EVs needs to be perform to reveal breakthroughs in OC and to accelerate the process of its application on clinic.

The application of metabolomics in ovarian cancer management: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. ijgc-2020-001862
Author(s):  
Yousra Ahmed-Salim ◽  
Nicolas Galazis ◽  
Timothy Bracewell-Milnes ◽  
David L Phelps ◽  
Benjamin P Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
English Language ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cancer Management

Metabolomics, the global analysis of metabolites in a biological specimen, could potentially provide a fast method of biomarker identification for ovarian cancer. This systematic review aims to examine findings from studies that apply metabolomics to the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and recurrence of ovarian cancer. A systematic search of English language publications was conducted on PubMed, Science Direct, and SciFinder. It was augmented by a snowball strategy, whereby further relevant studies are identified from reference lists of included studies. Studies in humans with ovarian cancer which focus on metabolomics of biofluids and tumor tissue were included. No restriction was placed on the time of publication. A separate review of targeted metabolomic studies was conducted for completion. Qualitative data were summarized in a comprehensive table. The studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the ROBINS-I tool. 32 global studies were included in the main systematic review. Most studies applied metabolomics to diagnosing ovarian cancer, within which the most frequently reported metabolite changes were a down-regulation of phospholipids and amino acids: histidine, citrulline, alanine, and methionine. Dysregulated phospholipid metabolism was also reported in the separately reviewed 18 targeted studies. Generally, combinations of more than one significant metabolite as a panel, in different studies, achieved a higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis than a single metabolite; for example, combinations of different phospholipids. Widespread metabolite differences were observed in studies examining prognosis, treatment, and recurrence, and limited conclusions could be drawn. Cellular processes of proliferation and invasion may be reflected in metabolic changes present in poor prognosis and recurrence. For example, lower levels of lysine, with increased cell invasion as an underlying mechanism, or glutamine dependency of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. In conclusion, this review highlights potential metabolites and biochemical pathways which may aid the clinical care of ovarian cancer if further validated.

scholarly journals Clinical Impact of Prospective Whole Genome Sequencing in Sarcoma Patients

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Luuk J. Schipper ◽  
Kim Monkhorst ◽  
Kris G. Samsom ◽  
Linda J.W. Bosch ◽  
Petur Snaebjornsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center

With more than 70 different histological sarcoma subtypes, accurate classification can be challenging. Although characteristic genetic events can largely facilitate pathological assessment, large-scale molecular profiling generally is not part of regular diagnostic workflows for sarcoma patients. We hypothesized that whole genome sequencing (WGS) optimizes clinical care of sarcoma patients by detection of diagnostic and actionable genomic characteristics, and of underlying hereditary conditions. WGS of tumor and germline DNA was incorporated in the diagnostic work-up of 83 patients with a (presumed) sarcomas in a tertiary referral center. Clinical follow-up data were collected prospectively to assess impact of WGS on clinical decision making. In 12/83 patients (14%), the genomic profile led to revision of cancer diagnosis, with change of treatment plan in eight. All twelve patients had undergone multiple tissue retrieval procedures and immunohistopathological assessments by regional and expert pathologists prior to WGS analysis. Actionable biomarkers with therapeutic potential were identified for 30/83 patients. Pathogenic germline variants were present in seven patients. In conclusion, unbiased genomic characterization with WGS identifies genomic biomarkers with direct clinical implications for sarcoma patients. Given the diagnostic complexity and high unmet need for new treatment opportunities in sarcoma patients, WGS can be an important extension of the diagnostic arsenal of pathologists.

scholarly journals Fertility-Sparing Surgery in Early Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Viable Option?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Fotopoulou ◽  
Ioana Braicu ◽  
Jalid Sehouli
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Fertility Sparing Surgery ◽  
Fertility Sparing ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) continues to represent one of the most lethal conditions in women in the western countries. With the shifting of childbearing towards higher age, EOC increasingly affects women with active childbearing wish, resulting in major impacts on treatment management. Next to the optimal therapeutic treatment strategies, gynecologic oncologists are being asked to incorporate into their decision-making processes the patients' wish for fertility preserving alternatives ideally without compromising oncologic safety. Nowadays, fertility-sparing surgery represents an effective alternative to conventional radical cytoreduction in younger women with early stages of the disease. As such, this paper considers indications for fertility sparing surgery in EOC, reflects on outcomes from the oncologic and reproductive data of the largest and most relevant series outcomes data, reporting on fertility sparing techniques in EOC, reviews medicamentous efforts to prevent chemotherapy induced gonadotoxicity, and discusses future aspects in the gynecologic cancer management.

scholarly journals Role of MRI in Pre-Operative Assessment of Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer Candidate for Cytoreductive Surgery, A Brief Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Vida Tajiknia ◽  
Sara Hassani ◽  
Hamidreza Seifmanesh ◽  
Ali Afrasiabi ◽  
Hamidreza Hosseinpour
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Operative Assessment

When it comes to gynecologic cancer, ovarian cancer with no doubt is the deadliest and most challenging. The reason often falls into the late presentation, in fact the clinical symptoms are not prominent until the disease is disseminated In patients with advanced ovarian cancer cytoreductive surgery procedure is the key element in treatment plan. One of the best tools to predict successful and complete cytoreductive surgery is using prior imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging is one of the newly described imaging modality for advanced ovarian cancer patients selected for cytoreductive surgery. Here we discussed the application of MRI in advanced ovarian cancer underwent cytoreductive surgery.

An optimized homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) algorithm ASGAD for predicting PARP inhibitor response in ovarian cancer patient.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17077-e17077
Author(s):  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Dong Ju Chen ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Pei Meng ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Patient ◽  
Parp Inhibitor ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Homologous Recombination Deficiency

e17077 Background: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) results less efficient and error-prone DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, thus causes genomic in stability and impacts on cancer susceptibility to Poly‐(ADP‐Ribose)‐Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Evaluating HRD level in gynecologic cancer patients is becoming far more important and influential, so far, there is no standard method to be used in clinical. Methods: Here, we optimized an HRD score algorithm, termed as ASGAD, which combines three classic factors, including loss of heterozygosity score (LOH), telomeric allelic imbalance score (TAI), large-scale state transition score (LST), along with tumor ploidy to predict PARP inhibitor response in ovarian cancer patient. Results: Traditional global optimization strategy for purity and ploidy calculation is usually sensitive to initial values and may lead to incorrect convergences. Here we designed a two-step optimization manner to avoid this problem. Firstly, a density-based clustering algorithm was applied on BAF and CN, and the genotype was assigned to the most legible cluster. Then the rectified BAF and CN was calculated and used to find the maximum likelihood genotype of each segment. The segmentation processed was also improved by applying a series of statistical test to merge similar adjacent segments. The accuracy of allele-specific copy-number detection is significantly improved vie this algorithm, deriving stable and reliable HRD scores especially on aneuploid and hyperploid tumor cases. In this study, we assessed ASGAD algorithm in almost 150 ovarian cancer patient samples, who had treated with platinum effectively. BRCA1/2 deficient was defined as either one deleterious mutation in BRCA1/2, with LOH in the wild type copy or two deleterious mutations in the same gene. The results showed that the 19/23 BRCA1/2 deficient samples are also HRD-high, giving the sensitivity of 82.61%. Besides, we identify 58 HRD-high samples with intact BRCA1/2, who might benefit from PARP inhibitors, by the ASGAD algorithm. Interestingly, we analyzed 4 HRD-high samples by using whole-exome sequencing (WES), and found other HR genes mutations in these samples, including PARP4, FANCM, MSH2, MSH6, ATR, POLD1. Conclusions: The expanded use of PARP inhibitors in HRD tumors using the ASGAD algorithm requires more validation.

Experiences With and Lessons Learned From Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Support Program for Older Hearing Aid Users and Their Communication Partners in the Hearing Aid Dispensing Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine F. J. Meijerink ◽  
Marieke Pronk ◽  
Sophia E. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Communication Program ◽  
Communication Partners

Purpose The SUpport PRogram (SUPR) study was carried out in the context of a private academic partnership and is the first study to evaluate the long-term effects of a communication program (SUPR) for older hearing aid users and their communication partners on a large scale in a hearing aid dispensing setting. The purpose of this research note is to reflect on the lessons that we learned during the different development, implementation, and evaluation phases of the SUPR project. Procedure This research note describes the procedures that were followed during the different phases of the SUPR project and provides a critical discussion to describe the strengths and weaknesses of the approach taken. Conclusion This research note might provide researchers and intervention developers with useful insights as to how aural rehabilitation interventions, such as the SUPR, can be developed by incorporating the needs of the different stakeholders, evaluated by using a robust research design (including a large sample size and a longer term follow-up assessment), and implemented widely by collaborating with a private partner (hearing aid dispensing practice chain).

Focal Adhesion Kinase in Ovarian Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Platinum and Taxane-Resistant Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkene Levy ◽  
Khalid Alhazzani ◽  
Priya Dondapati ◽  
Ali Alaseem ◽  
Khadijah Cheema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Focal Adhesion Kinase ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mdr 1

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, which is an essential player in regulating cell migration, invasion, adhesion, proliferation, and survival. Its overexpression and activation have been identified in sixty-eight percent of epithelial ovarian cancer patients and this is significantly associated with higher tumor stage, metastasis, and shorter overall survival of these patients. Most recently, a new role has emerged for FAK in promoting resistance to taxane and platinum-based therapy in ovarian and other cancers. The development of resistance is a complex network of molecular processes that make the identification of a targetable biomarker in platinum and taxane-resistant ovarian cancer a major challenge. FAK overexpression upregulates ALDH and XIAP activity in platinum-resistant and increases CD44, YB1, and MDR-1 activity in taxaneresistant tumors. FAK is therefore now emerging as a prognostically significant candidate in this regard, with mounting evidence from recent successes in preclinical and clinical trials using small molecule FAK inhibitors. This review will summarize the significance and function of FAK in ovarian cancer, and its emerging role in chemotherapeutic resistance. We will discuss the current status of FAK inhibitors in ovarian cancers, their therapeutic competencies and limitations, and further propose that the combination of FAK inhibitors with platinum and taxane-based therapies could be an efficacious approach in chemotherapeutic resistant disease.

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