scholarly journals The Institutionalisation of Political Science in ECE: The Grounding of Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Gabriella Ilonszki
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Free World ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Academic Profile

AbstractThe chapter aims to establish a theoretical framework regarding the institutionalisation of political science as an academic discipline, by building on the experiences of 16 selected countries. Whether a discipline is institutionalised revolves around three issues: the process, that is, how institutionalisation develops; the outcome, that is, which properties appear indispensable; and what contextual factors matter most in influencing either process or property. Based on a critical review of the literature, the properties of stability, identity, autonomy, reproduction and legitimacy have been defined. These embody a well-institutionalised science: one that should have stable existential patterns, a clear academic profile; one that should be able to independently define its own rules and norms while getting external agents to accept them, and be able to ensure its own reproduction and to maintain a legitimate position. The chapter also examines the specificities in the latecomer political science communities’ institutionalisation patterns. Formation conditions, potential starting points, stability concerns and the issue of ‘regionality’ are specifically considered. As the institutionalisation tasks had to be dealt with in a ‘compressed period of time’ academia here faced the free world of opportunities and adjustment requirements at one and the same time.

Sources of Self-Efficacy in School: Critical Review of the Literature and Future Directions

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L. Usher ◽  
Frank Pajares
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Academic Ability ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Mastery Experience

The purpose of this review was threefold. First, the theorized sources of self-efficacy beliefs proposed by A. Bandura (1986) are described and explained, including how they are typically assessed and analyzed. Second, findings from investigations of these sources in academic contexts are reviewed and critiqued, and problems and oversights in current research and in conceptualizations of the sources are identified. Although mastery experience is typically the most influential source of self-efficacy, the strength and influence of the sources differ as a function of contextual factors such as gender, ethnicity, academic ability, and academic domain. Finally, suggestions are offered to help guide researchers investigating the psychological mechanisms at work in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs in academic contexts.

Naikan-Based Compassion Training (NBCT) – A Theoretical Framework

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lobsang Yeshi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Contemplative Practices ◽  
Personal Strengths

Positive psychology focuses on the individual’s potential and seeks to build upon personal strengths to achieve flourishing. Research indicates compassion as one of the key underpins of flourishing and wellbeing resulting in the emergence of research on compassion trainings. A critical review of the literature nonetheless reveals a number of challenges that face the existing compassion training programs that are primarily methodological and possibly compounded by certain pre-dispositions of participants. Addressing these challenges through a different method of cultivating compassion that incorporates Naikan, a Japanese introspective practice to engender gratitude and subsequently cultivating yi-wong, the sense of endearment toward others, is the premise of the Naikan-based Compassion Training (NCBT). This thesis proposes a theoretical framework for a new and rigorous ten-day, residential compassion training program known as the Naikan-Based Compassion Training (NBCT) that integrates contemplative practices with Naikan to generate yi-wong, a sense of endearment as a foundational component of compassion and catalyst to compassion training.

An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Local Hemostatic Measures in Dental Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulants: A Critical Review of the Literature Over the Past Two Decades

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomao Queiroz ◽  
Helenilton Alves ◽  
Gleysson Assis ◽  
Thalita Conceicao ◽  
Adriano Germano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
The Past

International Court Authority

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Rask Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Science ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
International Courts ◽  
International Court ◽  
Context Shapes ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
Over Time

Identifying the “varied authority” of international adjudicators as a common object of inquiry, this book develops a framework to conceptualize and analyze international court authority with the goal of assessing how contextual factors affect international courts’ authority, and therby their political and legal influence. Scholars drawn from a range of academic disciplines—namely law, political science, and sociology—have contributed to this book and examine the varied authority of thirteen international courts with jurisdictions that range from economic to human rights, to international criminal matters. Interdisciplinary commentaries reflect on what the framework and findings imply for the study of international court authority and legitimacy. Focusing on both global and regional adjudicatory systems, the chapters explore different ways in which contextual factors contribute to the fragility of each court’s authority over time and across the breadth of their jurisdiction. A conclusion pulls together the collective insights of how context shapes the authority of international courts.

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