Moral-Cognitive Delay and Distortions

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
John C. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Delay

scholarly journals Neurodevelopment in Children Exposed to Zika Virus: What Are the Consequences for Children Who Do Not Present with Microcephaly at Birth?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Paula Sobral da Silva ◽  
Sophie Eickmann ◽  
Ricardo Ximenes ◽  
Celina Martelli ◽  
Elizabeth Brickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Clinical Neurological Examination ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
The Impact

The relation of Zika virus (ZIKV) with microcephaly is well established. However, knowledge is lacking on later developmental outcomes in children with evidence of maternal ZIKV infection during pregnancy born without microcephaly. The objective of this analysis is to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to ZIKV on neuropsychomotor development in children without microcephaly. We evaluated 274 children including 235 ZIKV exposed and 39 controls using the Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSIDIII) and neurological examination. We observed a difference in cognition with a borderline p-value (p = 0.052): 9.4% of exposed children and none of the unexposed control group had mild to moderate delays. The prevalence of delays in the language and motor domains did not differ significantly between ZIKV-exposed and unexposed children (language: 12.3% versus 12.8%; motor: 4.7% versus 2.6%). Notably, neurological examination results were predictive of neurodevelopmental delays in the BSIDIII assessments for exposed children: 46.7% of children with abnormalities on clinical neurological examination presented with delay in contrast to 17.8% among exposed children without apparent neurological abnormalities (p = 0.001). Overall, our findings suggest that relative to their unexposed peers, ZIKV-exposed children without microcephaly are not at considerably increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in the first 42 months of life, although a small group of children demonstrated higher frequencies of cognitive delay. It is important to highlight that in the group of exposed children, an abnormal neuroclinical examination may be a predictor of developmental delay. The article contributes to practical guidance and advances our knowledge about congenital Zika.

Basal ganglia echogenicity in preterm infants: A case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. Harvey ◽  
S. Ryan ◽  
A. Tarrant ◽  
M. King ◽  
B. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND: Damage to the basal ganglia and thalamus (BGT) can be caused by multiple perinatal factors and may be associated with movement disorders, cognitive delay and visual difficulties. Changes in BGT structure, seen as echogenicity on ultrasound, are difficult to objectively quantify. The aetiology, clinical relevance and developmental outcomes of BGT echogenicity are poorly understood. We aimed to gain a better understanding of the natural history of BGT echogenicity in a preterm population. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical course, neuroimaging and development in infants born <32weeks gestation over 5 years with evidence of BGT echogenicity. RESULTS: BGT echogenicity was reported in 18/650 infants (2.7%). Echogenicity appeared at a median of 8 days (2–45 days) and resolved on pre-discharge ultrasound in 50%. Thirteen infants had a term corrected MRI brain with abnormal BGT signal seen in 3 infants (23%). All 3 infants had persisting echogenicity on discharge ultrasound. No infant with echogenicity resolution on ultrasound had changes on term MRI. 14 infants had developmental progress available at 1 year corrected. Abnormal development was reported in four children of whom one had BGT changes on term MRI. Two children with persistent BGT changes but an otherwise normal MRI had reported normal neurodevelopment. CONCLUSION: BGT echogenicity is relatively common on routine ultrasound and resolves in the majority of infants by term corrected. This review suggests that at term corrected, normal cranial ultrasound may obviate the need for MRI where no other concerns exist. BGT echogenicity did not appear to independently influence neurodevelopment.

scholarly journals Perinatal neuroprotection update

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie C. Jelin ◽  
Kirsten Salmeen ◽  
Dawn Gano ◽  
Irina Burd ◽  
Mari-Paule Thiet
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Delayed Cord Clamping ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
Neurological Risk

Antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal events can result in a spectrum of long-term neurological sequelae, including cerebral palsy, cognitive delay, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders [1]. Advances in obstetrical and neonatal care have led to survival at earlier gestational ages and consequently increasing numbers of periviable infants who are at significant risk for long-term neurological deficits. Therefore, efforts to decrease and prevent cerebral insults attempt not only to decrease preterm delivery but also to improve neurological outcomes in infants delivered preterm. We recently published a comprehensive review addressing the impacts of magnesium sulfate, therapeutic hypothermia, delayed cord clamping, infections, and prevention of preterm delivery on the modification of neurological risk [2]. In this review, we will briefly provide updates to the aforementioned topics as well as an expansion on avoidance of toxin and infections, specifically the Zika virus.

Visuospatial functions in preterm schoolchildren without cognitive delay: Using Pascual's Graphomotor test as a screening method

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 105454
Author(s):  
María Concepción Miranda-Herrero ◽  
María Vázquez-López ◽  
Estibaliz Barredo-Valderrama ◽  
Pedro de Castro de Castro ◽  
Almudena Chacón-Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
Visuospatial Functions

Cognitive Delay as a Risk Factor for Late Presentation of Vestibular Schwannoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1658-1661
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Carlson ◽  
George B. Wanna ◽  
Colin L. Driscoll ◽  
Kyle D. Weaver ◽  
Michael J. Link
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Cognitive Delay

scholarly journals A Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Development in Low Risk Preterm Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Pérez-Pereira ◽  
María Pilar Fernández ◽  
María Luisa Gómez-Taibo ◽  
Zeltia Martínez-López ◽  
Constantino Arce
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Cognitive Delay

The results of a longitudinal study on the cognitive development of one group of full-term and three groups of low risk preterm children with different gestational ages (GA) are presented. The 181 participants were divided into four GA groups of similar size. The aims were: 1) To check if there are differences in cognitive development (measured through the Batelle scale) among the GA groups. 2) To establish the predictive factors of cognitive development at 22 and 60 months of age, taking into account biomedical, environmental and individual factors. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA performed at 22 and 60 months of age indicated that the cognitive trajectories of the four GA groups were similar. Linear regression analyses showed that the effect of the different predictors changed in relation to the time of measurement of cognitive development. Biological factors and the quality of home environment had a moderate effect on the cognitive development at 22 months of age. Cognitive results obtained at 22 months of age, and, to a lesser extent, working memory had the greatest effect on cognitive development at 60 months. GA does not predict cognitive development. Preterm children do not show cognitive delay if they are healthy.

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