Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Current Research, Commercial Aspects, and Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-346
Author(s):  
Marwa Tamim A. Abdel-Wareth
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Mycotoxins: Fungal Secondary Metabolites with Toxic Properties

Fungi ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 318-371
Author(s):  
P.M. Cano ◽  
O. Puel ◽  
I.P. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

scholarly journals Secondary metabolites of a marine-derived Penicillium ochrochloron

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 11020
Author(s):  
Peter M. EZE ◽  
Ying GAO ◽  
Yang LIU ◽  
Lasse Van GEELEN ◽  
Chika P. EJIKEUGWU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extremophilic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Extremophilic fungi have received considerable attention recently as new promising sources of biologically active compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. This study investigated the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived Penicillium ochrochloron isolated from underwater sea sand collected from the North Sea in St. Peter-Ording, Germany. Standard techniques were used for fungal isolation, taxonomic identification, fermentation, extraction, and isolation of fungal secondary metabolites. Chromatographic separation and spectroscopic analyses of the fungal secondary metabolites yielded eight compounds: talumarin A (1), aspergillumarin A (2), andrastin A (3), clavatol (4), 3-acetylphenol (5), methyl 2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-3-phenyl-2-furanpropanoate (6), emodin (7) and 2-chloroemodin (8). After co-cultivation with Bacillus subtilis, the fungus was induced to express (-)-striatisporolide A (9). Compound 1 was evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and M. tuberculosis, as well as cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells. The compound, however, was not cytotoxic to THP-1 cells and had no antibacterial activity against the microorganisms tested. The compounds isolated from P. ochrochloron in this study are well-known compounds with a wide range of beneficial biological properties that can be explored for pharmaceutical, agricultural, or industrial applications. This study highlights the bioprospecting potential of marine fungi and confirms co-cultivation as a useful strategy for the discovery of new natural products.

Biological Strategies To Counteract the Effects of Mycotoxins

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
BULENT KABAK ◽  
ALAN D. W. DOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that if ingested can cause a variety of adverse effects on both humans and animals, ranging from allergic responses to death. Therefore, exposure to mycotoxins should be minimized. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological methods have been developed for decontamination and/or detoxification of mycotoxins from contaminated foods and feeds. This overview details the latest developments in the biological control of both fungal infection and mycotoxin formation and describes the detoxification of many of the most important mycotoxins by microorganisms. This review also addresses the potential for use of microorganisms as mycotoxin binders in the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals, thereby reducing the potential deleterious effects of exposure to these toxins.

scholarly journals Advances in targeting and heterologous expression of genes involved in the synthesis of fungal secondary metabolites

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (60) ◽  
pp. 35124-35134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Ming Qiao ◽  
Rui-Lin Yu ◽  
Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Gene Targeting ◽  
Fungal Genome ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Foreign Dna ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Gene targeting involves integration of foreign DNA into the fungal genome by several strategies including Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT).

scholarly journals Detoxification of Mycotoxins through Biotransformation

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Ruixue Su ◽  
Ruya Yin ◽  
Daowan Lai ◽  
Mingan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that pose a major threat to the safety of food and feed. Mycotoxins are usually converted into less toxic or non-toxic metabolites through biotransformation that are often made by living organisms as well as the isolated enzymes. The conversions mainly include hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrogenation, de-epoxidation, methylation, glycosylation and glucuronidation, esterification, hydrolysis, sulfation, demethylation and deamination. Biotransformations of some notorious mycotoxins such as alfatoxins, alternariol, citrinin, fomannoxin, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone analogues are reviewed in detail. The recent development and applications of mycotoxins detoxification through biotransformation are also discussed.

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