The Impact of Self-Construals and Thinking Styles on Business and Management Practices: A Comparison of East Asia and North America

2022 ◽  
pp. 127-157
Author(s):  
Albert Lee ◽  
Li-Jun Ji ◽  
Nailin Bu
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business And Management

In today's global environment organizational culture dominates national culture!

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden R. Kattman
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organizational Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Power Company ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business And Management

Purpose – The specific problem this research addresses is whether cultural differences, national or organizational, impact how effectively the continuous improvement process is received within the supply chain in order to improve supplier performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The research design used a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research. Findings – The research found that Canada was most receptive to continuous improvement, with China being the least receptive. The study found that organizational culture was more influential than national culture. Isomorphism and benchmarking is driving continuous-improvement language and methods to be more universally known within business. Business and management practices appear to take precedence in driving change within organizations. Research limitations/implications – The sample size and countries involved was very small and limited to key medium sized distributed power company (MSDPC) suppliers. This limited diversity and may have introduced supplier selection bias, as well as survey response bias. Practical implications – This research concludes that organizational culture is more dominant over national culture and the influence of leadership within the organization drives the impact of continuous improvement. Originality/value – With isomorphism and the fact that businesses want to be successful, continuous improvement language and methods are becoming more universally known. Business and management practices are now taking precedence in driving change within organizations. Organizational culture is now more influential than national culture.

scholarly journals Global Leadership Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 975-999
Author(s):  
Giambattista Bufalino
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Leadership Programs ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Global Leadership Development ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business And Management

No firm is immune from the impact of globalization. The new global context and the accompanying technological improvements are driving an increased need for global leaders with a wider variety of competencies, skills, and abilities. This chapter presents current perspectives on global leadership to better assist management educators in the design and implementation of global leadership programs. The fil rouge of this exploration will be the acknowledgement of the role of culture and its influence on business and management practices. First, the author will present current broad approaches to investigate global leadership; then he will focus on the development of global leadership, including practical challenges in business education. Finally, future directions will be discussed.

scholarly journals On the export of reactive nitrogen from Asia: NO<sub>x</sub> partitioning and effects on ozone

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 24955-24984
Author(s):  
T. H. Bertram ◽  
A. E. Perring ◽  
P. J. Wooldridge ◽  
J. Dibb ◽  
M. A. Avery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Meridional Plane ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
Intercontinental Transport ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NOy) was measured over the remote North Pacific during spring 2006. We use these observations to assess the impact of increasing emissions of nitrogen oxides in East Asia on ozone (O3) production rates over the remote Pacific and the intercontinental transport of O3 and its precursors to North America. Aircraft observations of speciated NOy, made between 25° and 55° N, confirm a controlling role for peroxyacyl nitrates in NOx production in aged Asian outflow, accounting for more than 60% of NOy above 5 km, while thermal dissociation limits their contribution to less than 10% in the lower troposphere. The observations reveal the extreme sensitivity of the remote Pacific to future changes in NOx loadings, with an experimentally determined crossover point between net Oxdestruction and net Ox production of 60 pptv NOx. Using simultaneous observations of speciated NOy and wind speed, we calculate the flux of reactive nitrogen through the meridional plane of 150° W (between 25° and 55° N) to be 0.007 ± 0.002 Tg N day−1, which provides an upper limit of 15% on the export efficiency of NOy from East Asia. Analysis of the subsiding plumes in the sampling domains suggests that episodic dry subsidence events play an important role in the intercontinental transport of ozone and its precursors from East Asia to North America.

Impact of Tenancy on Land Management

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem van Vuuren ◽  
Peter Ysselstein
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Land Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Leasing of agricultural land is gaining in importance in North America. The impact of leasing on soil management practices is examined in an area in the Canadan province of Ontario. Prevailing land contracts are insecure and the rental land market appears to be imperfect in the area. Under these conditions leasing leads to undesirable soil management practices and consequently to a lower state of conservation and to lower crop productivity over time. A difference in soil management and crop productivity has been observed between owner-operated and rented land.

scholarly journals Source contributions of sulfur and nitrogen deposition – an HTAP II multi model study on hemispheric transport

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiani Tan ◽  
Joshua S. Fu ◽  
Frank Dentener ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Louisa Emmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Abstract. With rising emissions by human activities, enhanced concentrations of air pollutants have been detected in hemispheric air flows in recent years, aggravating the regional air pollution and deposition burden. However, contributions of hemispheric air pollution to deposition at global scale have been given little attention in the literature. In this light, we assess the impact of hemispheric transport on sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition for 6 world regions: North America, Europe, South Asia, East Asia, Middle East and Russia in 2010, by using the multi-model ensemble results from the 2nd phase of Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP II) with and without 20 % emission perturbation experiments. About 27–58 %, 26–46 % and 12–23 % of local S, NOx and NH3 emissions are transported and removed by deposition outside of the source regions annually, with 5 % higher fraction of export in winter and 5 % lower in summer. For receptor regions, 20 % emission reduction in source regions affects the deposition in receptor regions by 1–10 % for continental non-coastal regions and 1–15 % for coastal regions and open oceans. Significant influences are found from North America to the North Atlantic Ocean (5–15 %), from South Asia to western East Asia (2–10 %) and from East Asia to the North Pacific Ocean (5–10 %) and western North America (5–8 %). The impact on deposition caused by transport between neighbouring regions (i.e. Europe and Russia) occurs throughout the whole year (slightly stronger in winter), while that by transport over long distances (i.e. from East Asia to North America) mainly takes place in spring and fall, which is consistent with the seasonality found for hemispheric transport of air pollutants. Deposition in emission intense regions such as East Asia is dominated (~ 80 %) by own region emission, while deposition in low emission regions such as Russia is almost equally affected by own region emission (~ 40 %) and foreign impact (~ 23–45 %). We also find that deposition on the coastal regions or near coastal open ocean is twice more sensitive to hemispheric transport than non-coastal continental regions, especially for regions (i.e. west coast of North America) in the downwind location of major emission source regions. This study highlights the significant impact of hemispheric transport on deposition in coastal regions, open ocean and low emission regions. Further research is proposed for improving ecosystem and human health in these regions, with regards to the enhanced hemispheric transport.

scholarly journals Influence of anthropogenic emissions and boundary conditions on multi-model simulations of major air pollutants over Europe and North America in the framework of AQMEII3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulas Im ◽  
Jesper Heile Christensen ◽  
Camilla Geels ◽  
Kaj Mantzius Hansen ◽  
Jørgen Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Non Local ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the framework of the third phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII3), and as contribution to the second phase of the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP2) activities for Europe and North America, the impacts of a 20 % decrease of global and regional anthropogenic emissions on surface air pollutant levels in 2010 are simulated by an international community of regional scale air quality modeling groups, using different state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models (CTM). The emission perturbations at the global level, as well as over the HTAP2-defined regions of Europe, North America and East Asia are first simulated by the global Composition Integrated Forecasting System (C-IFS) model from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which provides boundary conditions to the various regional CTMs participating in AQMEII3. On top of the perturbed boundary conditions, the regional CTMs used the same set of perturbed emissions within the regional domain for the different perturbation scenarios that introduce a 20 % reduction of anthropogenic emissions globally as well as over the HTAP2-defined regions of Europe, North America and East Asia. Results show that the largest impacts over both domains are simulated in response to the global emission perturbation, mainly due to the impact of domestic emissions reductions. The responses of NO2, SO2 and PM concentrations to a 20 % anthropogenic emission reductions are almost linear (~ 20 % decrease) within the global perturbation scenario with however, large differences in the geographical distribution of the effect. NO2, CO and SO2 levels are strongly affected over the emission hot spots. O3 levels generally decrease in all scenarios by up to ~ 1 % over Europe, with increases over the hot spot regions, in particular in the Benelux region, by an increase up to ~ 6 % due to the reduced effect of NOx-titration. O3 daily maximum of 8-hour running average decreases in all scenarios over Europe, by up to ~ 1 %. Over the North American domain, the central-to-eastern part and the western coast of the US experience the largest response to emission perturbations. Similar but slightly smaller responses are found when domestic emissions are reduced. The impact of inter-continental transport is relatively small over both domains, however, still noticeable particularly close to the boundaries. The impact is noticeable up to a few percent, for the western parts of the North American domain in response to the emission reductions over East Asia. O3 daily maximum of 8-hour running average decreases in all scenarios over North Europe by up to ~ 5 %. Much larger reductions are calculated over North America compared to Europe. In addition, values of the Response to Extra-Regional Emission Reductions (RERER) metric have been calculated in order to quantify the differences in the strengths of non-local source contributions to different species among the different models. We found large RERER values for O3 (~ 0.8) over both Europe and North America, indicating a large contribution from non-local sources, while for other pollutants including particles, low RERER values reflect a predominant control by local sources.

scholarly journals Influence of anthropogenic emissions and boundary conditions on multi-model simulations of major air pollutants over Europe and North America in the framework of AQMEII3

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 8929-8952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulas Im ◽  
Jesper Heile Christensen ◽  
Camilla Geels ◽  
Kaj Mantzius Hansen ◽  
Jørgen Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Non Local ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the framework of the third phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII3), and as contribution to the second phase of the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP2) activities for Europe and North America, the impacts of a 20 % decrease of global and regional anthropogenic emissions on surface air pollutant levels in 2010 are simulated by an international community of regional-scale air quality modeling groups, using different state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models (CTMs). The emission perturbations at the global level, as well as over the HTAP2-defined regions of Europe, North America and East Asia, are first simulated by the global Composition Integrated Forecasting System (C-IFS) model from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which provides boundary conditions to the various regional CTMs participating in AQMEII3. On top of the perturbed boundary conditions, the regional CTMs used the same set of perturbed emissions within the regional domain for the different perturbation scenarios that introduce a 20 % reduction of anthropogenic emissions globally as well as over the HTAP2-defined regions of Europe, North America and East Asia. Results show that the largest impacts over both domains are simulated in response to the global emission perturbation, mainly due to the impact of domestic emission reductions. The responses of NO2, SO2 and PM concentrations to a 20 % anthropogenic emission reduction are almost linear (∼ 20 % decrease) within the global perturbation scenario with, however, large differences in the geographical distribution of the effect. NO2, CO and SO2 levels are strongly affected over the emission hot spots. O3 levels generally decrease in all scenarios by up to ∼ 1 % over Europe, with increases over the hot spot regions, in particular in the Benelux region, by an increase up to ∼ 6 % due to the reduced effect of NOx titration. O3 daily maximum of 8 h running average decreases in all scenarios over Europe, by up to ∼ 1 %. Over the North American domain, the central-to-eastern part and the western coast of the US experience the largest response to emission perturbations. Similar but slightly smaller responses are found when domestic emissions are reduced. The impact of intercontinental transport is relatively small over both domains, however, still noticeable particularly close to the boundaries. The impact is noticeable up to a few percent, for the western parts of the North American domain in response to the emission reductions over East Asia. O3 daily maximum of 8 h running average decreases in all scenarios over north Europe by up to ∼ 5 %. Much larger reductions are calculated over North America compared to Europe. In addition, values of the Response to Extra-Regional Emission Reductions (RERER) metric have been calculated in order to quantify the differences in the strengths of non-local source contributions to different species among the different models. We found large RERER values for O3 (∼ 0.8) over both Europe and North America, indicating a large contribution from non-local sources, while for other pollutants including particles, low RERER values reflect a predominant control by local sources. A distinct seasonal variation in the local vs. non-local contributions has been found for both O3 and PM2.5, particularly reflecting the springtime long-range transport to both continents.

scholarly journals Global Leadership Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 359-383
Author(s):  
Giambattista Bufalino
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Leadership Programs ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Global Leadership Development ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business And Management

No firm is immune from the impact of globalization. The new global context and the accompanying technological improvements are driving an increased need for global leaders with a wider variety of competencies, skills, and abilities. This chapter presents current perspectives on global leadership to better assist management educators in the design and implementation of global leadership programs. The fil rouge of this exploration will be the acknowledgement of the role of culture and its influence on business and management practices. First, the author will present current broad approaches to investigate global leadership; then he will focus on the development of global leadership, including practical challenges in business education. Finally, future directions will be discussed.

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