scholarly journals An Operational Interpretation of Negative Probabilities and No-Signalling Models

2014 ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Abramsky ◽  
Adam Brandenburger
Keyword(s):  
Operational Interpretation ◽  
Signalling Models

Smoothened-mediated Hedgehog signalling is required for the maintenance of the anterior-posterior lineage restriction in the developing wing of Drosophila

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (20) ◽  
pp. 4053-4063 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Blair ◽  
A. Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Normal Site ◽  
Selector Genes ◽  
Signalling Models ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Anterior Posterior

It is thought that the posterior expression of the ‘selector’ genes engrailed and invected control the subdivision of the growing wing imaginal disc of Drosophila into anterior and posterior lineage compartments. At present, the cellular mechanisms by which separate lineage compartments are maintained are not known. Most models have assumed that the presence or absence of selector gene expression autonomously drives the expression of compartment-specific adhesion or recognition molecules that inhibit intermixing between compartments. However, our present understanding of Hedgehog signalling from posterior to anterior cells raises some interesting alternative models based on a cell's response to signalling. We show here that anterior cells that lack smoothened, and thus the ability to receive the Hedgehog signal, no longer obey a lineage restriction in the normal position of the anterior-posterior boundary. Rather these clones extend into anatomically posterior territory, without any changes in engrailed/invected gene expression. We have also examined clones lacking both en and inv; these too show complex behaviors near the normal site of the compartment boundary, and do not always cross entirely into anatomically anterior territory. Our results suggest that compartmentalization is a complex process involving intercompartmental signalling; models based on changes in affinity or growth will be discussed.

scholarly journals Operational interpretation of coherence in quantum key distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Ma ◽  
You Zhou ◽  
Xiao Yuan ◽  
Xiongfeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Operational Interpretation

scholarly journals TRADISI KRITIK TAFSIR: Diskursus Kritisisme Penafsiran dalam Wacana Qur’anic Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
MK. Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Operational Interpretation ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Evaluation And Assessment ◽  
Principles And Parameters

<div class="Section1"><p class="Iabstrak"><strong>Abstract: </strong><em>This paper aims to discuss the methodology of interpretation criticism in the qur'anic studies discourse. As new plots in the Qur'an studies, the interpretation criticism  has not been much sought after by Qur’anic scholars. As a consequence, in methodological discourse has not yet found a definite method can be used to criticize an interpretation. As for the thought-provoking critique of the interpretation for this still are sporadic and likely are political-ideological. For that, it needs special attention in developing area studies the Quran towards the study criticism of interpretation. Finally, this paper gives the conclusion that, in the discourse of criticism the methodological framework needed interpretation, as a step towards the operational interpretation of criticism. So, the criticism was done not nuanced political-ideological, but able to uphold the values of objectivity, comprehensiveness, scientific and systematic. There are at least four operational steps in carrying out work interpretation of criticism of the region of ontology, epistemology, and axiology i.e; Firstly, the critic must understand the substance of exegesis are an interpretation as process and interpretation as a product. Secondly, understand the construction of criticism interpretation, namely the construction of the historicity of the critique, the base of criticism, the purpose of criticism, as well as the principles and parameters of criticism. Thirdly, start working with two regions exegesis critique work i.e; intrinsic and extrinsic criticism. Fourthly, give the evaluation and assessment of the object of study of criticism that is good and decent, or perverted and unworthy of being used.</em></p><p class="Iabstrak"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan metodologi kritik tafsir dalam diskursus wacana Qur’anic Studies. Sebagai wilayah garapan baru dalam studi al-Qur’an, kritik tafsir belum banyak diminati oleh kalangan sarjana al-Qur’an. Akibatnya, dalam wacana metodologis belum banyak ditemukan metodebaku yang dapat digunakan untuk mengkritisi sebuah tafsir. Adapun pemikiran kritik tafsir selama ini masih bersifat sporadis dan cenderung bersifat politis-ideologis. Untuk itulah dibutuhkan perhatian khusus dalam mengembangkan wilayah studi al-Qur’an ke arah studi kritik tafsir. Akhirnya, tulisan ini memberi­kan kesimpulan bahwa, dalam diskursus kritisisme penafsiran, dibutuhkan kerangka metodologis sebagai langkah operasional kritik tafsir. Sehingga, kritik yang dilakukan tidak bernuansa politis-ideologis, namun mampu menge­depan­kan nilai-nilai objektivitas, komprehensivitas, ilmiah dan sistematis. Setidaknya terdapat empat langkah operasional dalam melaksanakan kerja kritik tafsir yang bermuara pada wilayah ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis yaitu; Pertama, kritikus harus terlebih dahulu memahami hakikat tafsir yakni tafsir sebagai proses (<em>interpretation as process</em>) dan tafsir sebagai produk (interpretation as product). Kedua, memahami konstruksi kritik tafsir, yaitu historisitas kritik, landasan kritik, tujuan kritik, serta prinsip dan parameter kritik. Ketiga, memulai kerja kritik tafsir dengan dua wilayah kerja yaitu; kritik intrinsik dan kritik ekstrinsik. Keempat, memberikan evaluasi dan penilaian terhadap objek kajian kritik yaitu, baik (<em>maḥmūd</em>) dan layak pakai (<em>maqbūl</em>), atau menyeleweng (<em>munḥarif</em>) dan tidak layak digunakan (<em>mardūd</em>).</p></div>

scholarly journals Resource Preservability

Quantum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Yun Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
General Model ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
Natural Question ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Classical Communication ◽  
New Family ◽  
Channel Resource ◽  
Operational Interpretation ◽  
Model Independent

Resource theory is a general, model-independent approach aiming to understand the qualitative notion of resource quantitatively. In a given resource theory, free operations are physical processes that do not create the resource and are considered zero-cost. This brings the following natural question: For a given free operation, what is its ability to preserve a resource? We axiomatically formulate this ability as the resource preservability, which is constructed as a channel resource theory induced by a state resource theory. We provide two general classes of resource preservability monotones: One is based on state resource monotones, and another is based on channel distance measures. Specifically, the latter gives the robustness monotone, which has been recently found to have an operational interpretation. As examples, we show that athermality preservability of a Gibbs-preserving channel can be related to the smallest bath size needed to thermalize all its outputs, and it also bounds the capacity of a classical communication scenario under certain thermodynamic constraints. We further apply our theory to the study of entanglement preserving local thermalization (EPLT) and provide a new family of EPLT which admits arbitrarily small nonzero entanglement preservability and free entanglement preservation at the same time. Our results give the first systematic and general formulation of the resource preservation character of free operations.

scholarly journals Operational relevance of resource theories of quantum measurements

Quantum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Oszmaniec ◽  
Tanmoy Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Measurements ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Geometric Quantity ◽  
Free Objects ◽  
State Discrimination ◽  
Operational Interpretation ◽  
Error State ◽  
Fixed Basis ◽  
Number Of Particles

For any resource theory it is essential to identify tasks for which resource objects offer advantage over free objects. We show that this identification can always be accomplished for resource theories of quantum measurements in which free objects form a convex subset of measurements on a given Hilbert space. To this aim we prove that every resourceful measurement offers advantage for some quantum state discrimination task. Moreover, we give an operational interpretation of robustness, which quantifies the minimal amount of noise that must be added to a measurement to make it free. Specifically, we show that this geometric quantity is related to the maximal relative advantage that a resourceful measurement offers in a class of minimal-error state discrimination (MESD) problems. Finally, we apply our results to two classes of free measurements: incoherent measurements (measurements that are diagonal in the fixed basis) and separable measurements (measurements whose effects are separable operators). For both of these scenarios we find, in the asymptotic setting in which the dimension or the number of particles increase to infinity, the maximal relative advantage that resourceful measurements offer for state discrimination tasks.

scholarly journals Praktyka precedensowa w porządku prawa stanowionego. Podstawowe czynniki warunkujące

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Leszek Leszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
Operational Interpretation ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Common

PRECEDENTIAL PRACTICE IN THE STATUTORY LEGAL ORDER.BASIC DETERMINING FACTORSThe purpose of the paper deals with the consideration of the several basic factors determining the development of the precedential practice in the statutory legal order. Such practice might be defined at the using the previous judicial decisions in the actual decisional process in the validation or derivative aspects of the operational interpretation of law, with potential adaptation of some so­lutions from the common law order. Among the favorable factors for the shaping of this practice one might find the maturity and the positive attitude of the judiciary, features of the specific decision-making process, the attitude of the legal doctrine, social acceptance of the active role of the judiciary bringing potentially ethical correction to the legislative regulations, the technical and informational skill in identification of the needed decisions, the reliable evaluation of the candidate for the position of judge, as well as the functioning of the principles of division of powers, rule of law and independence of judiciary, being elements of the democratic political system. On the contrary, the autocratic political system keeps the position of the strongest counter­-favorable factor to the precedential practice. One of the reasons deals with lack of the control of such practice from the center of political power, what brings the instruments that through the de­gradation of the above mentioned principles of democratic system, restrict the precedential judicial practice.

scholarly journals On the complexity of approximating the diamond norm

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
A. Ben-Aroya ◽  
A. Ta-Shma
Keyword(s):  
Convex Programming ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Large Dimension ◽  
Interactive Proof ◽  
Interactive Proof Systems ◽  
Proof Systems ◽  
Operational Interpretation

The diamond norm is a norm defined over the space of quantum transformations. This norm has a natural operational interpretation: it measures how well one can distinguish between two transformations by applying them to a state of arbitrarily large dimension. This interpretation makes this norm useful in the study of quantum interactive proof systems. In this note we exhibit an efficient algorithm for computing this norm using convex programming. Independently of us, Watrous recently showed a different algorithm to compute this norm. An immediate corollary of this algorithm is a slight simplification of the argument of Kitaev and Watrous that QIP \subseteq \EXP.

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