scholarly journals On Soil Layer Damage Due to Gas Escape

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Lu Xiaobing ◽  
X. D. Chen ◽  
X. H. Zhang ◽  
S. Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer

Course of soil layer water content in agricultural cultivated soil during years 1999 and 2000

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasta Štekauerová ◽  
Viliam Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Cultivated Soil

Impact Assessment of Dynamic Characteristics on the Hydraulic Driven Machinery Operation

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. D. Terenteva
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Error ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Vertical Coordinate ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
The Difference

In civil engineering in Russia, trenching for utilities is currently under digging. To perform such works, it is necessary to use high-precision construction machinery, because inaccurate performance of works can lead to the break down of existing utilities, thereby affecting the residents of nearby houses and demanding the additional works for renewal.The most universal labour saver to perform construction works is hydraulic driven single-bucket excavators, which provide up to 38% of works. Therefore, to improve technical characteristics that affect the accuracy of the work performed is an important task.High requirements for the performance of works are defined by existing construction regulations: an allowable soil layer to remain is at most 0.05 m. To fulfil such requirements, an exact assessment of the working mechanism position and a trench profile is necessary.Examination of a manually operated digging process shows that an operator provides operations untimely, however an automated control system can solve this problem. Dynamic phenomena in the working mechanism have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the works performed.To assess the bucket digging edge position accuracy, a mathematical model of the working mechanism has been created. Based on the cycle scheme of the working process, the excessive displacements of the hydraulic cylinder rods under the load are taken into account. By the end of the cycle, the difference between the specified and obtained positions along the vertical coordinate has been 0.0892 m.A dynamic error of the hydraulic drive system of the working mechanism is considered as a sum of the error due to excessive displacements of the hydraulic cylinder rods and the error due to delay of the hydraulic drive, with the latter being calculated for the average time of delay taking into account the data available in the literature. The total error of the bucket digging edge position of the working mechanism is 0.1176 m, which is 2 times more than the value of 0.05 mConformity of all the links with specification requirements does not guarantee compliance with the required displacement accuracy of the bucket digging edge, and, thus, the soil layer to remain in the base of the trench can exceed the regulated value of 0.05 m.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

Cryogels as a solution to the issues of environmental management and trunk pipeline operation in Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Lyubov K. Altunina ◽  
◽  
Vladimir P. Burkov ◽  
Petr V. Burkov ◽  
Vitaly Y. Dudnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Trunk Pipeline ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Spatial Lattice

In the Russian Arctic, a soil cryostructuring technique (i.e. strengthening of soil horizons with cryogel-based composite materials with no excavation of unstable soils required) seems to be showing promise. Experiments have proven that mechanical and thermal insulation properties attributed to cryogels make them appropriate for use in strengthening and thermally insulating the soil, while their structure makes it possible to form a stable vegetation cover. Field experiments have confirmed that cryostructuring efficiently strengthens the soil layer with cryogels stimulating soil microflora. An experience of using cryotropic compositions in the oil and gas sector was described. Notably, cryogels can be used to strengthen unstable soil foundations of trunk pipelines, as well as to bind soil (e.g. on slopes). In addition, cryogels are advised for use in engineering protection to prevent the uneven settlement of a trench base and its creep: thus, cryogels are pumped into the soil of the trench bottom base to create a support system representing a spatial lattice. After the first freeze and thaw cycle, cryotropic material is formed and then increases its strength and elasticity with each new cycle. More broadly, opportunities have been considered regarding cryogels used in various engineering and geological conditions, while taking into account the outcomes of landscape and territorial analysis. It was concluded that cryogel-based composite materials are a promising innovative scientific field expanding technological capabilities for developing and using spaces and resources in the Russian Arctic.

Outflows of Organic Halide Precursors from Forest Regions

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saito ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
T. Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Organic Halide ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

Outflows of organic halide precursors (OXPs) from forest regions were studied in relation to water quality monitoring in the Yodo River basin. Firstly, the contribution of outflows from forest regions relative to the total was roughly estimated. Then equations for flows of these substances were formulated, divided into four different subflow categories: precipitation; throughfall; surface soil layer; and, deep soil layer. Finally, annual outflow loads were calculated for a test forest area.

Economic feasibility of restoration of degraded and neglected lands

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Anastasiya V. Mironova ◽  
Igor’ V. Liskin ◽  
Irina I. Afonina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Neglect of soils leads to their degradation, worsens useful properties, and reduces fertility and productivity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting a comparative analysis of technologies for treating degraded soils, taking into account the economic feasibility of their restoration in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Materials and methods) The article shows the main technological scheme of restoration of degraded soils. Authors have identified the main groups of land that are located in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Results and discussion) The article presents the need for equipment, economic and labor costs for the restoration of each type of land in the non-black-soil regions of Russia. Authors took into account that the salary of machine operators depends on the time of direct execution of the task. It was found that the restoration of virgin and fallow lands was the most preferable from the economic, energy-saving and environmental points of view. The article shows that the restoration of pasture areas exceeds the cost of processing virgin lands, but the number of necessary machine and tractor units is comparable to work on virgin lands. Authors recommend to develop the soils with woody and shrubby vegetation in the first place, starting with land occupied by young plants. It is necessary to take into account the criteria for the fertility of the soil layer. It was found that soils with a small excess of moisture have small cost of its development, while on heavily swampy soils the cost of work on their development is many times higher than the cost of restoring other types of land. (Conclusion) The article shows that the restoration of neglected land is a necessary condition for improving the provision of human needs for food and a number of industrial goods. First of all, it is necessary to develop land that requires minimal investment of economic and labor costs.

scholarly journals Effect of different soil and weather conditions on efficacy, selectivity and dissipation of herbicides in sunflower

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Martin Kočárek ◽  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Lukáš Tichý
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
High Precipitation

Six sunflower herbicides were tested at two application rates (1N and 2N) on three locations (with different soil types) within three years (2015–2017). Efficacy of the tested herbicides on Chenopodium album increased with an increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Efficacy of pendimethalin was 95%, flurochloridone and aclonifen 94%, dimethenamid-P 72%, pethoxamid 49% and S-metolachlor 47%. All tested herbicides injured sunflower on sandy soil (Regosol) which had the lowest CEC, especially in wet conditions (phytotoxicity 27% after 1N application rate). The highest phytotoxicity was recorded after the application of dimethenamid-P (19% at 1N and 45% at 2N application rate). Main symptoms of phytotoxicity were leaf deformations and necroses and the damage of growing tips, which led to destruction of some plants. Aclonifen, pethoxamid and S-metolachlor at 1N did not injure sunflower on the soil with the highest CEC (Chernozem) in any of the experimental years. Persistence of tested herbicides was significantly longer in Fluvisol (medium CEC) compared to Regosol and Chernozem. Dimethenamid-P showed the shortest persistence in Regosol and Chernozem. The majority of herbicides was detected in the soil layer 0–5 cm in all tested soils. Vertical transport of herbicides in soil was affected by the herbicide used, soil type and weather conditions. The highest vertical transport was recorded for dimethenamid-P and pethoxamid (4, resp. 6% of applied rate) in Regosol in the growing season with high precipitation.  

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