The Role of Earth Science and Landscape Approach in the Ethic Geology: Communication and Divulgation for the Prevention and Reduction of Geological Hazard

2014 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Piero Farabollini ◽  
Francesca Romana Lugeri ◽  
Barbara Aldighieri ◽  
Vittorio Amadio
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Geological Hazard ◽  
Landscape Approach

The trajectory of geomorphology

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Church
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living Organisms

Modern geomorphology was founded in the nineteenth century as an exercise of historical interpretation of landscapes. After the mid-twentieth century it dominantly became a quest to understand the processes by which landscapes are modified. This focused attention on the measurement of sediment fluxes on synoptic timescales and on a reductionist, Newtonian programme of construction of low-order theories about those fluxes, largely imported from engineering science. The period also saw the emergence of an applied geomorphology. Toward the end of the twentieth century the subject was dramatically transformed by improved technologies for remote sensing and surveying of Earth’s surface, the advent of personal computation and of large-scale computation, and important developments of absolute dating techniques. These technical innovations in turn promoted recognition of geomorphology as a ‘system science’ and facilitated the reintegration of tectonics into geomorphology, opening the way for a renewed consideration of the history of the landscape. Finally, increasing recognition of the dominance of human agency in contemporary modification of Earth’s terrestrial surface has become a significant theme. Important influences on the continuing development of the subject will include the search for physically sound laws for material fluxes; reconciling geomorphological information and process representations across spatial and temporal scales, in both observation and theory; comprehending complexity in geomorphological processes and landform histories; incorporating the geomorphological role of living organisms, particularly micro-organisms; understanding the role of climate in geomorphology, both in the contemporary changing climate and in the long term; and fully admitting the now dominant role of humans as geomorphic agents. Geomorphology is simultaneously developing in diverse directions: on one hand, it is becoming a more rigorous geophysical science — a significant part of a larger earth science discipline; on another, it is becoming more concerned with human social and economic values, with environmental change, conservation ethics, with the human impact on environment, and with issues of social justice and equity.

John Tuzo Wilson: a man who moved mountains

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. xvii-xxxi
Author(s):  
Gordon F. West ◽  
Ron M. Farquhar ◽  
George D. Garland ◽  
Henry C. Halls ◽  
Lawrence W. Morley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth Sciences ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Canadian Research

Fifty years ago, the world’s Earth Scientists experienced the so-called “Revolution in the Earth Sciences”. In the decade from 1960 to 1970, a massive convergence took place from many diverse and contradictory theories about the tectonic processes operating on Earth (then loosely called “mountain building”) to a single widely accepted paradigm now called Plate Tectonics. A major player in leading the international “Revolution” was Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson. This tribute reviews how he helped define and promote the Plate Tectonic paradigm, and also, from 1946 to 1967, how he led a rapid expansion of the role of geophysics in Canadian and international earth science. Wilson was a controversial figure before and during the “Revolution”, but his influence was large. It was not coincidental that earth science research in Canada grew by 1964 to the point where the National Research Council of Canada could add the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences to its group of Canadian research journals.

scholarly journals Introduction. Progress in Earth science and climate studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1885) ◽  
pp. 4503-4508 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael T Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Antarctic

In this introductory paper, I review the ‘visions of the future’ articles prepared by top young scientists for the second of the two Christmas 2008 Triennial Issues of Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A , devoted respectively to astronomy and Earth science. Topics covered in the Earth science issue include: trace gases in the atmosphere; dynamics of the Antarctic circumpolar current; a study of the boundary between the Earth's rocky mantle and its iron core; and two studies of volcanoes and their plumes. A final section devoted to ecology and climate covers: the mathematical modelling of plant–soil interactions; the effects of the boreal forests on the Earth's climate; the role of the past palaeoclimate in testing and calibrating today's numerical climate models; and the evaluation of these models including the quantification of their uncertainties.

Initiative to establish the International Geodiversity Day

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zwoliński ◽  
Jose Brilha ◽  
Murray Gray ◽  
Jack Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Conservation Organizations ◽  
Virtual Conference ◽  
Geological Sciences

<p>On May 22, 2020, when International Biodiversity Day was celebrated, Murray Gray and Zbigniew Zwoliński independently wrote an email to José Brilha with a proposal to make efforts to establish the International Geodiversity Day (IGD). This was on the eve of the Oxford Geoheritage Virtual Conference (OxGVC) launch. Therefore, at the end of the conference, a declaration of establishing the IGD was prepared, which was supported by over 600 participants from over 60 countries. Virtual PICO presents further and ongoing scientific, organizational and diplomatic efforts to proclaim the IGD: starting from the Oxford Declaration, through letters of support from 108 individuals and international and national professional earth science nature conservation organizations and the International Union of Geological Sciences to Natural Sciences Sector – Division for Earth and Ecological Sciences UNESCO and Executive Board of UNESCO.</p><p>The proclamation of an International Geodiversity Day would provide an annual reminder of the essential role of geodiversity for human well-being. It provides the foundations and habitats for all living things. It is the source of materials that build our towns and cities; it provides our energy resources, including renewable energy and the materials mined to manufacture wind turbines and solar panels; it allows us to bury our waste, provides us with freshwater and attenuates our pollution; it helps us to understand and predict natural hazards, it inspires our artists and provides us with incredible landscapes from mountains to coasts. Geodiversity gives us evidence of past climate and landscape changes and their causes, and therefore helps us to understand and plan for the impacts of future environmental changes.</p>

Speculations About the Earth: the Role of Robert Hooke and Others in the 17th Century

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Drake ◽  
Paul Komar
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Robert Hooke ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Ocean Exploration ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Religious Considerations ◽  
Biblical Concepts

Among his 17th century contemporaries Robert Hooke (1635-1703) was exceptional in his investigations of the terraqueous globe by experimentation and development of instrumentation for ocean exploration and in forming hypotheses concerning the origin of the earth's surface features. Most theories of the earth written at that time were concerned with bringing observations of nature into concordance with Biblical accounts of Creation, the Deluge, and the final Conflagration. In contrast, Hooke's hypotheses, published posthumously in 1705 in his Discourses of Earthquakes, were essentially unhampered by religious considerations or by other forms of Medievalism. Because he was a product of the 17th century and because these Discourses were presented over a period of 30 years, Hooke naturally made references to all-pervasive Biblical concepts and furthermore his ideas showed some changes as time went on. But his approach was generally scientific and is considered more sophisticated than purely Baconian. His system of the earth was not only unlike those of his contemporaries but in essence was the pre-continental-drift paradigm within which most present-day geologists over age 40 were reared; many of his insights were startlingly modern. Hooke's role was significant in the development of science and especially in the progress of earth science.

Quantifying and attributing changes in tropospheric ozone from a combination of satellite measurements and models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Neu ◽  
Kazuyuki Miyazaki ◽  
Kevin Bowman ◽  
Gregory Osterman
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Science Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Earth Science Data

<p>Given the importance of tropospheric ozone as a greenhouse gas and a hazardous pollutant that impacts human health and ecosystems, it is critical to quantify and understand long-term changes in its abundance.  Satellite records are beginning to approach the length needed to assess variability and trends in tropospheric ozone, yet an intercomparison of time series from different instruments shows substantial differences in the net change in ozone over the past decade.  We discuss our efforts to produce Earth Science Data Records of tropospheric ozone and quantify uncertainties and biases in these records.  We also discuss the role of changes in the magnitude and distribution of precursor emissions and in downward transport of ozone from the stratosphere in determining tropospheric ozone abundances over the past 15 years.</p>

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