Cramér-Lundberg Model with Stochastic Premiums and Continuous Non-insurance Costs

2014 ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klimentii Livshits ◽  
Konstantin Yakimovich
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Costs

scholarly journals Price of human life: Medical, legal and social aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Andrejs Vilks
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Insurance Costs ◽  
Philosophical Aspect

The author of the article turns attention to the phenomenon of human life, recognizing it as the value which is hard and complicated to define. The price of a human life comprises philosophical, political, sociological and legal issues. From the legal and philosophical aspect the price of a human life is practically impossible to determine, since it is worth the highest price. Determination of the price of human life means admitting that a human is the measure of value in a certain community under appropriate socially economic conditions. Different approaches and methodologies are applied in determination of a materialized price of a human life, therefore the rating of the price is varied. In determining the price of a human life, the legal aspect is important, since it deals with the fixation of the amount of compensations in cases of an individual's loss of life and calculations of the insurance costs.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN NILAI PREMI ASURANSI PERTANIAN BERBASIS INDEKS CURAH HUJAN PADA KOMODITAS KEDELAI YANG DISIMULASI MENGGUNAKAN DISTRIBUSI WEIBULL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
NI PUTU AYUNDA SURYA DEWI ◽  
KOMANG DHARMAWAN ◽  
KARTIKA SARI
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Weather Generator ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Stochastic Weather Generator ◽  
Insurance Premiums ◽  
Rainfall Index ◽  
Insurance Costs

Agricultural insurance protects farmers who experience crop failure. This study aims to calculate the value of agricultural insurance premium by applying simulated rainfall index-based using stochastic weather generator on soybean commodities in Negara sub-district. This study are used rainfall data to determine the probability of the transition, then perform rainfall simulations using the Stochastic Weather Generator method to obtain trigger values and continued with the calculation of agricultural insurance premiums. Results of this study provide the value that higher trigger is taken, the greater the insurance premium that must be paid. The value of insurance premiums to be paid is 4,18% - 5,66% of insurance costs Rp2.605.000,00.

"DR UNNECESSARY"

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. A30-A30
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Managed Care ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Health Maintenance Organizations ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Insurance Costs ◽  
Treatment Plans

The old reality for many psychiatrists was a private practice filled with long-term patients who paid $100 or more for 50 minutes of talk. The new reality? Managing medication for up to 30 new patients a week for half the hourly fee—and answering to case managers who aren't even doctors. No wonder the number of U.S. medical school graduates in psychiatric residencies dropped nearly 12%—to 3909 from 4447—between 1988 and 1994. The blame—or the credit—goes to managed care, the catchall term for the revolution that has swept through both the medical and mental health care fields in recent years. Desperate to cut runaway health insurance costs, most companies have axed longstanding fee-for-service plans and instead steer employees seeking psychiatric treatment to health maintenance organizations or specialized managed-care firms. These organizations decide the type and amount of care patients receive. Psychiatrists have to get with the program—and agree to its treatment plans and fee schedules—or watch the bulk of their practices disappear. Only the rare psychiatrist can attract private patients wealthy enough to pay for traditional psychotherapy without the benefit of insurance.

BUREAUCRATS TAKING OVER!

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-313
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Insurance Costs ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Health Care Crisis ◽  
American Society ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Unrealistic Expectations

Academic medicine seemed to offer the best of both worlds: plenty of time for research, some teaching, and limited practice responsibilities. Today, it all seems somehow lost: the independence, the time, the easily acquired grants, the lifestyle, and the security. Control has been wrested from medicine and is in the hands of bureaucrats, politicians, and CEOs. Patients—or consumers as they are now known—are distrustful and litigious. Lawyers are ever present and increasingly skilled at pitting one doctor against another. Academic health centers are locked in fierce battles for survival, and all physicians worry about the future. Why has this happened? The usual response to this questions mentions four major factors that have precipitated a health care "crisis," largely by driving up the costs of medical care: 1) the spectacular (and expensive) advances in medical technology and treatment; 2) changes in society, including epidemics of violence, drug abuse, economic disenfranchisement, and AIDS, which have added considerably to the nation's health care needs; 3) the shifting demographics of American society, particularly the growing numbers of elderly, who consume a disproportionate share of health care; and 4) the economic realities of global competition, in which American products lose a competitive edge because of the escalating health insurance costs of large employers. To this list may be added two other factors: the unrealistic expectations of consumers, and the unchecked growth of physician specialists.

PP36 Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Disability Costs Among Italian Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 44-44
Author(s):  
Claudia Nardone ◽  
Simone Russo ◽  
Simone Gazzillo ◽  
Raffaele Migliorini ◽  
Marco Trabucco Aurilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Insurance Costs ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Social Security Benefits

IntroductionThe aim of the study is to estimate the disability insurance costs (social security system in Italy is financed by public expenditure) induced by patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and specifically for Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) between 2009 and 2015.MethodsWe analyzed the database about the disability insurance awards and the mean cost per benefit of the National Institute of Social Security (INPS) for two types of social security benefits: incapacity pensions (IP - for people without workability) and disability benefits (DB - for people with reduced work ability). From this data, we have estimated the total benefit provided and the total costs for each disease. A probabilistic model with a Monte Carlo simulation was developed in order to estimate the total benefits provided and costs.ResultsFor CD, an average of 820 beneficiaries of social security benefits were detected per year (2009-2015): the total expenditure was EUR 50 million, EUR 7 million per year (about EUR 7,900 per patient); for UC, about 1,550 beneficiaries per year were detected and the total expenditure was EUR 93 million, EUR 13 million per year (about EUR 8,600 per patient).ConclusionsThe disability insurance costs related with the management of CD and UC showed a significant impact on the expenditure for the Italian system: the most important costs for disability for CD and UC in Italy in the analyzed period were DB (92 percent for CD and 95 percent for UC). Rapid access to innovative treatments could reduce the costs incurred by the social security system.

Community Service as Patientsʼ Tutor to Avoid Delirium

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (06) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Prokop ◽  
Karl Michael Reinauer ◽  
Manfred Koebler ◽  
Erna Schwerb ◽  
Lisa Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Team Meetings ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Insurance Costs ◽  
German School ◽  
Elderly Inpatients ◽  
Patients At Risk

Abstract Background Today, nearly two thirds of inpatients in trauma surgery hospitals are over 70 years old and at significant risk for comorbidities. These patients frequently suffer delirium. Delirium occurs in 15 – 30% of these trauma patients and increases the risk of mortality in up to 15 – 25% of cases. Conversation, attention, and activity significantly reduce this risk. Objectives Thus, the Centre for Geriatric Traumatology and the District Seniors Council have initiated a new project of a visiting service, to prevent delirium and anxiety conditions in elderly inpatients. Volunteers from the welfare program offer daily care for selected patients. Methods They care for and interact with the patients for approximately one hour per day. They accompany the patients in the hospital and during mobilization, explain, read aloud, converse, or simply listen, and thus provide calm, support, and company. The attendants are volunteers who have been previously trained by the clinic, who regularly attend team meetings and draw up reports from each admission. All patients and relatives are informed prior to these visits and are notified with an accompanying letter. There are structured visiting plans for each week. Results From July 17 to May 19, 4031 patients in our clinic and in three other hospitals have been accompanied in the program. None of the patients suffered delirium. The patients and attendants found the care very good and personally satisfying. Evaluations of the volunteers for the success of their work, using the German school-grading system, was an average 1.3. Noticeable was the markedly reduced frequency of patient calls to nursing, who were thus relieved. Travel expenses and insurance costs for the volunteers were reimbursed. Conclusion In times of skilled labour shortages, patient support provided by volunteer patient attendants enables innovative care for patients at risk for delirium. The assistance of the attendants alone reduced the workload on the nursing staff.

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