The Role of Citizen Participation in Municipal Smart City Projects: Lessons Learned from Norway

Author(s):  
Lasse Berntzen ◽  
Marius Rohde Johannessen
2019 ◽  
pp. 1407-1427
Author(s):  
Carlo Francesco Capra

Smart cities are associated almost exclusively with modern technology and infrastructure. However, smart cities have the possibility to enhance the involvement and contribution of citizens to urban development. This work explores the role of governance as one of the factors influencing the participation of citizens in smart cities projects. Governance characteristics play a major role in explaining different typologies of citizen participation. Through a focus on Amsterdam Smart City program as a specific case study, this research examines the characteristics of governance that are present in the overall program and within a selected sample of projects, and how they relate to different typologies of citizen participation. The analysis and comprehension of governance characteristics plays a crucial role both for a better understanding and management of citizen participation, especially in complex settings where multiple actors are interacting.


2011 ◽  
pp. 216-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Caves

The use of ICTs in community development areas has increased over the past 10 years. This chapter examines how the “Smart Community” concept can help areas of various sizes accomplish a variety of local and regional development processes. The chapter covers such issues the role of citizen participation, the roles of information technologies, the components of a “Smart Community”, the California Smart Communities Program, and the lessons learned to date from the program. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the “digital divide” between people with access to various ICTs and those without access any access to ICTs.


2022 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Tomor

While the role of citizens in smart cities is hotly debated, there is a dearth of empirical research on the subject. This in-depth study of a European city, selected for its typical smart city ambitions, explores the roles that citizens actually play in smart city projects. The study examines twelve initiatives in the City of Utrecht (NL) using a framework that differentiates between types of citizen participation. The findings show that technology-enabled citizen participation in Utrecht is highly diverse and embraces all types of participation rather than simply taking the form of either “citizen empowerment” (as the advocates argue) or “citizen subjugation' (as the critics stress). The diversity found in the study highlights the need to conceptualize the role of the smart citizen at the micro (project) level rather than at the level of the city as a whole. The study shows that citizen participation in the smart city should not be understood as a technological utopia or dystopia but as an evolving, technologically mediated practice that is shaped by a variety of factors.


Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Tomor

While the role of citizens in smart cities is hotly debated, there is a dearth of empirical research on the subject. This in-depth study of a European city, selected for its typical smart city ambitions, explores the roles that citizens actually play in smart city projects. The study examines twelve initiatives in the City of Utrecht (NL) using a framework that differentiates between types of citizen participation. The findings show that technology-enabled citizen participation in Utrecht is highly diverse and embraces all types of participation rather than simply taking the form of either “citizen empowerment” (as the advocates argue) or “citizen subjugation' (as the critics stress). The diversity found in the study highlights the need to conceptualize the role of the smart citizen at the micro (project) level rather than at the level of the city as a whole. The study shows that citizen participation in the smart city should not be understood as a technological utopia or dystopia but as an evolving, technologically mediated practice that is shaped by a variety of factors.


2021 ◽  
pp. 095624782110325
Author(s):  
Catalina Ortiz ◽  
Alejandro Vallejo ◽  
Jorge Peña ◽  
Emily Morris ◽  
Joiselen Cazanave Macías ◽  
...  

In 2019, Cuba approved a new political constitution that calls for deepening citizen participation to strengthen local governance. The emerging decentralization processes and the role of new actors in urban development open new possibilities for inclusive planning. While citizen participation is widely documented in the global South and under Western liberal democracy regimes, participatory urban planning in the context of Southern socialist cities such as Havana has been less scrutinized. This paper aims at mapping the framings, trajectories and legacies of such participatory planning initiatives. Based on mapping workshops and desktop research, we find that participatory initiatives within Havana are spatially dispersed, sporadic, lacking at the city level, and occurring in isolation at the neighbourhood level. We argue that establishing sustained participatory urban planning practices in Havana requires decision makers to scale outwards and upwards the lessons learned from existing initiatives to foster a city-wide participatory planning strategy.


2018 ◽  
pp. 321-341
Author(s):  
Carlo Francesco Capra

Smart cities are associated almost exclusively with modern technology and infrastructure. However, smart cities have the possibility to enhance the involvement and contribution of citizens to urban development. This work explores the role of governance as one of the factors influencing the participation of citizens in smart cities projects. Governance characteristics play a major role in explaining different typologies of citizen participation. Through a focus on Amsterdam Smart City program as a specific case study, this research examines the characteristics of governance that are present in the overall program and within a selected sample of projects, and how they relate to different typologies of citizen participation. The analysis and comprehension of governance characteristics plays a crucial role both for a better understanding and management of citizen participation, especially in complex settings where multiple actors are interacting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 115-139
Author(s):  
Alexander Follmann ◽  
Stephen Leitheiser ◽  
Holger Kretschmer

Smart-City-Konzepte versprechen einfache Lösungen für eine Vielzahl komplexer sozioökologischer Probleme und Herausforderungen. Die vielfältigen Visionen von Smart Cities basieren auf der Vorstellung, digitale Technologien seien der Hauptantrieb für positive soziale und ökologische Veränderungen. Der Kern dieses Ansatzes ist, dass Effizienzsteigerungen aufgrund von Digitalisierung neue Möglichkeiten für Städte schaffen, wirtschaftliches Wachstum, Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz miteinander zu vereinen. Zudem verspricht die Digitalisierung der Stadt auch eine zunehmende Demokratisierung durch neue, digitale Partizipationsmöglichkeiten sowie onlineunterstütze Bottom-up-Prozesse. Vorliegende empirische Studien zur Smart City kritisieren jedoch die dominierende Top-down-Implementierung, die prägende Rolle privatwirtschaftlicher Akteur_innen sowie den technokratischen Charakter vieler Projekte, obwohl diese ganz explizit als bürger_innenorientiert formuliert sind und umfangreiche Partizipationsmöglichkeiten versprechen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund die Rolle der Bürger_innenbeteiligung in Smart-City-Konzepten anhand des Entstehungs- und Implementierungsprozesses der SmartCity Cologne (SCC). Auf der Grundlage semi-strukturierter Expert_inneninterviews sowie einer umfassenden Dokumentenanalyse legt der Beitrag dar, wie die Smartifizierung der Stadtentwicklung in Köln konzeptionell verankert ist, wie sie lokal ausgehandelt und implementiert wird und welche Rolle dabei die Bürger_innenbeteiligung spielt. Der Schwerpunkt der empirischen Untersuchung liegt auf der Diskrepanz zwischen der nach außen kommunizierten bedeutsamen Rolle der Bürger_innen bei der SCC und der tatsächlich erfolgten Bürger_innenbeteiligung bei der Konzeption der SCC sowie bei der Umsetzung einzelner Teilprojekte. Theoretisch-konzeptionell basiert der Beitrag auf Sherry Arnsteins Arbeit zu Partizipationsprozessen sowie aktuellen Erweiterungen ihres Ansatzes im Kontext von Smart City und verbindet diese mit der Debatte um die post-politische Stadt. Smart City concepts promise simple solutions to a variety of complex socio-ecological problems and challenges. The various visions of Smart Cities are based on the idea that digital technologies would be the main driver for positive social and ecological changes. At its core, the smart approach is rooted in the idea that the gains in efficiency brought about through urban digitalization create new opportunities for combining economic growth, sustainability and climate protection. In addition, the digitalization of the city promises increased democratization through new, online participation opportunities and bottom-up processes. However, available empirical studies on the Smart City criticize the dominant top-down implementation, the determining role of private sector actors, and the technocratic character of smart projects – even those which explicitly promise participation and are described as citizen-oriented. In this context, the article examines the role of citizen participation within Smart City concepts with the illustrative example of the formation and implementation of SmartCity Cologne (SCC). Based on semi-structured interviews with experts and extensive document analysis, the article explains how the smartification of urban development is conceptually anchored in Cologne, how it is negotiated and implemented locally, and what role citizen participation plays in the process. The empirical investigation focuses on the discrepancy between the important role of the citizens in SCC that is communicated to the outside world, and the actual participation of citizens in the design of SCC and the implementation of individual projects. Theoretically and conceptually, the article draws on Sherry Arnstein’s seminal work on participation processes and more recent iterations of her approach against the background of the Smart City, and connects it with debates on the post-political city.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Francesco Capra

Smart cities are associated almost exclusively with modern technology and infrastructure. However, smart cities have the possibility to enhance the involvement and contribution of citizens to urban development. This work explores the role of governance as one of the factors influencing the participation of citizens in smart cities projects. Governance characteristics play a major role in explaining different typologies of citizen participation. Through a focus on Amsterdam Smart City program as a specific case study, this research examines the characteristics of governance that are present in the overall program and within a selected sample of projects, and how they relate to different typologies of citizen participation. The analysis and comprehension of governance characteristics plays a crucial role both for a better understanding and management of citizen participation, especially in complex settings where multiple actors are interacting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Simona d’Oca ◽  
Sylvia Breukers ◽  
Stephan Slingerland ◽  
Marten Boekelo ◽  
Mara J. van Welie ◽  
...  

Energy communities organise collective and citizen-driven energy actions that will help pave the way for a clean energy transition, while moving citizens to the forefront. The energy market is rapidly transforming and so is the role of the consumer. Yesterday’s passive consumers become central actors in today’s energy markets. Today, as prosumers, citizens can benefit from their generation, consumption, and storage capabilities. Moreover, by supporting social engagement and citizen participation, energy communities can help provide flexibility to the electricity system through demand response, storage, and peer-to-peer energy exchange. Based on the collective debate from nine H2020 running projects (Renaissance, COMETS, Sender, eCREW, Lightness, ReDream, HESTIA, UP-STAIRS and NRG2peers), several challenges and key lessons learned can be identified for just social engagement. These challenges and lessons are relevant for the present and future development of EU energy communities.


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