Principles, Benefits, and Barriers to Community-Based Tourism

Though CBT is an attractive model for the attainment of both community development and environmental conservation, its implementation is fraught with challenges. This chapter examines the principles, forms, barriers, and challenges to CBT. The chapter further proposes a model for the achievement of sustainable CBT and draws implications from the barriers and benefits for the management of CBT. The chapter begins with an explanation of the community concept which is defined in the context of community-based tourism. It continues with a review of some models of community participation. The chapter further assesses the rationale for community participation and examines the forms of CBT. Though community participation remains a good model for tourism development at the community level, there are several limitations that make the benefits unachievable, especially in developing countries. The chapter ends by proposing a model of sustainable CBT by drawing implications for the management of CBT projects.

Distributive Justice Issues in Community-Based Tourism

Conventional tourism and its attendant challenges for nature and communities have necessitated the need for tourism to be more sustainable, equitable, and responsible, hence the introduction of community-based tourism (CBT). CBT was developed as a model and a viable instrument for poverty reduction, offering opportunities for conservation and rural economic development. However, despite the potential of CBT to generate welfare for communities, many initiatives have failed to deliver on their promises. Since tourism and justice issues cannot be separated from each other, concerns over the discussion of justice related issues have emerged as a community concept which requires critical investigation. This chapter presents a theoretical exploration of how justice is conceptualized, with an emphasis on distributive justice in the context of CBT, and how it is shaping the production of CBT. It also explores some critical approaches to tourism studies and practice and how justice for local communities is conceptualized in CBT contexts.

Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Era Society 5.0

The purpose of writing this article is to explain learning strategies that are relevant in the 5.0 era of society in learning Christian religious education. The author observes that the learning strategy is a means to achieve the learning objectives that have been set. Because one of the challenges faced by teachers today is the development of technology. The era of society 5.0 demands a teacher to be more creative, innovative and informative. That's why, the author reviews this paper to provide some tricks and tips so that teachers are able to compete and use appropriate learning strategies in the era of society 5.0. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method by examining the learning strategies of Christian religious education in the era of society 5.0. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method by examining the learning strategies of Christian religious education in the era of society 5.0. The results obtained in this study show that one of the learning strategies for Christian religious education in the era of society 5.0 that are still relevant are participatory strategies, inquiry strategies, discovery learning strategies, cooperative strategies, and blended learning strategies. Thus, the era of society 5.0 is a community concept that was developed to apply and balance the use of technology in everyday life so that access occurs in virtual space and physical space to solve social problems in order to create super smart humans.Abstrak: Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah menjelaskan strategi pembelajaran yang relevan di era society 5.0 dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Penulis mengamati bahwa strategi pembelajaran merupakan sarana untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang sudah ditetapkan. Karena salah satu tantangan yang dihadapi oleh guru saat ini adalah perkembangan teknologi. Era society 5.0 menuntut seorang guru untuk lebih kreatif, inovatif dan informatif. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengkaji tulisan ini untuk memberi beberapa trik dan tips agar guru-guru mampu bersaing dan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran yang tepat di era society 5.0. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengkaji strategi pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di era society 5.0. Hasil yang dapatkan dalam kajian ini menunjukan bahwa salah satu strategi pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di era society 5.0 yang masih relevan adalah strategi partisipatif, strategi inkuiri, strategi discovery learning, strategi koorperatif, dan strategi blended learning. Dengan demikian bahwa era society 5.0 adalah sebuah konsep masyarakat yang dikembangkan untuk mengaplikasikan dan menyeimbangkan penggunaan teknologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga terjadinya akses dalam ruang virtual dan ruang fisik untuk memecahkan masalah sosial agar terciptanya manusia yang super smart.

Phenomenological Studies in Reforming Smart Buildings According to the Community Concept 5.0

Today, with the various problems faced by the world community, it requires everyone in various countries to develop technology and science to overcome various problems that are currently faced and predict future problems. Through innovation, the world's technological engineering is felt in the palm of the hand, even if only by means of a cell phone. This condition then inspired the Japanese Cabinet in 2016 to initiate society 5.0 or Society 5.0 through the Japanese Cabinet within the framework of the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan. The big vision carried by the Japanese Cabinet in the 5th design and technology plan is to create a Super Intelligent Society (MSC). MSC is positioned as the fifth stage of development in the social structure of society, after previously the hunter / gatherer, agrarian, industrial, and information societies. In line with the development and innovation referred to above, the demand for services in the property sector, especially in building buildings, is getting higher. So that the concept of "Smart Building" or better known as Smart Building / Intelligent Building is created. This concept was born as a result of increasing human welfare and changes in modern life patterns that demand a level of service and management of the building environment, which greatly affects the welfare and services in the workplace, which in turn will affect productivity, morality and satisfaction. Therefore, efforts to adjust the current conditions between the speed of information technology development and the growth of a new generation of humans in this era which are almost linear / concurrent, as well as between society and building, are an effort that must be made so that technological and social developments can coincide. . This effort is what is meant by reformulation of Smart Buildings in the Concept of Society 5.0.

Where is the West in UN Peacekeeping? An examination of the decline in Western troop contributions to UN peacekeeping

<p>This thesis explores an important aspect of the changing composition of United Nations peacekeeping troop contributions by examining the causes of the decline in troop contributions from the West. It does so by creating a theoretical framework within which the widespread decline in troop contributions from the West can be contextualized and reviewing a variety of possible arguments in secondary literature for the decline that can be considered within this theoretical framework. I assert that the constructivist concept of security communities, although originally focused on interactions between states in the community, can also be used to understand the ways in which these states respond to peace and security threats outside of the community, and that this is the reason there has been a systemic decline in troop contributions from the West. The past, current and future peacekeeping engagements of Canada and New Zealand will be explored in detail in this thesis. These countries have historically had a strong commitment to the UN, and been champions of its ultimate authority to sanction international responses to conflict. Both countries have a history of significant troops contributions to UN peacekeeping, but have decreased these contributions in the last 10-15 years. Understanding why these two internationalists all but abandoned UN peacekeeping can provide clues as to why other Western militaries have done the same, and concentrated their resources in other peace support operations. These cases also exemplify how the security community concept can be applied to understanding troop contributions to peace operations. This thesis is divided into four main sections. In the introduction I present the research question and discuss its relevance and importance, as well as the salience of the two case studies, followed by the explanation of my theoretical framework, a review of secondary literature on the topic, and the details of my research methodology. In chapter one I explore a variety of arguments that have been made by academics and practitioners regarding the decline in troop contributions from the West. Chapter two covers my first case study – Canada – and chapter three covers New Zealand. I argue that although the factors that determine countries’ troop contributions are unique and shaped by domestic as much as international circumstances, the wider trend in the West of decreasing troop contributions to UN peacekeeping missions, while increasing troop contributions to non-UN peacekeeping operations can be explained by building on the security community concept. As such, any return to UN peacekeeping is likely to occur throughout the West or not at all. I also argue that in order for the West to re-engage with UN peacekeeping, both Western governments and the UN must take steps towards redefining the parameters of troop participation in UN peace operations.</p>

Where is the West in UN Peacekeeping? An examination of the decline in Western troop contributions to UN peacekeeping

<p>This thesis explores an important aspect of the changing composition of United Nations peacekeeping troop contributions by examining the causes of the decline in troop contributions from the West. It does so by creating a theoretical framework within which the widespread decline in troop contributions from the West can be contextualized and reviewing a variety of possible arguments in secondary literature for the decline that can be considered within this theoretical framework. I assert that the constructivist concept of security communities, although originally focused on interactions between states in the community, can also be used to understand the ways in which these states respond to peace and security threats outside of the community, and that this is the reason there has been a systemic decline in troop contributions from the West. The past, current and future peacekeeping engagements of Canada and New Zealand will be explored in detail in this thesis. These countries have historically had a strong commitment to the UN, and been champions of its ultimate authority to sanction international responses to conflict. Both countries have a history of significant troops contributions to UN peacekeeping, but have decreased these contributions in the last 10-15 years. Understanding why these two internationalists all but abandoned UN peacekeeping can provide clues as to why other Western militaries have done the same, and concentrated their resources in other peace support operations. These cases also exemplify how the security community concept can be applied to understanding troop contributions to peace operations. This thesis is divided into four main sections. In the introduction I present the research question and discuss its relevance and importance, as well as the salience of the two case studies, followed by the explanation of my theoretical framework, a review of secondary literature on the topic, and the details of my research methodology. In chapter one I explore a variety of arguments that have been made by academics and practitioners regarding the decline in troop contributions from the West. Chapter two covers my first case study – Canada – and chapter three covers New Zealand. I argue that although the factors that determine countries’ troop contributions are unique and shaped by domestic as much as international circumstances, the wider trend in the West of decreasing troop contributions to UN peacekeeping missions, while increasing troop contributions to non-UN peacekeeping operations can be explained by building on the security community concept. As such, any return to UN peacekeeping is likely to occur throughout the West or not at all. I also argue that in order for the West to re-engage with UN peacekeeping, both Western governments and the UN must take steps towards redefining the parameters of troop participation in UN peace operations.</p>

Connotation and Construction of “Lancang-Mekong Community of Shared Future” through Sports Cooperation

In essence, the community with a shared future for mankind is a community of values, which has entered the stage of strategic implementation. The Lancang Mekong River Basin countries share the same river water, which has already bred the community concept of "relatives, neighbors and friends", and is the priority area of "building a community with a shared future for mankind". As an important channel to expand international cooperation space, the sports field should constantly promote practical cooperation and help the construction of "Lancang Mekong community of common destiny". Based on the Lancang Mekong cooperation mechanism and regional characteristics, this paper holds the connection and maintenance functions of "easy" and "regular" contained in sports, and puts forward the following ideas: make a top-level design of policies, actively incorporate into the policy system of regional cooperation mechanism; connect with national strategies, declare various special funds to provide financial support; deepen sports tourism cooperation and promote the Lancang Mekong nationality Traditional sports games and cultural festivals create the brand of Lancang Mekong events, enhance the consciousness of Lancang Mekong, and form the Lancang Mekong sports culture; play the role of "non-state actors" such as overseas Chinese, industry associations and Universities, expand the "individual" interaction field, and provide internal driving force for the construction of "Lancang Mekong Community of Shared future".

Hybrid Hydrogen–PV–e-Mobility Industrial Energy Community Concept—A Technology Feasibility Study

As renewable energy sources are spreading, the problems of energy usage, transport and storage arise more frequently. In order that the performance of energy producing units from renewable sources, which have a relatively low efficiency, should not be decreased further, and to promote sustainable energy consumption solutions, a living lab conception was elaborated in this project. At the pilot site, the produced energy (by PV panels, gas turbines/engines) is stored in numerous ways, including hydrogen production. The following uses of hydrogen are explored: (i) feeding it into the national natural gas network; (ii) selling it at a H-CNG (compressed natural gas) filling station; (iii) using it in fuel cells to produce electricity. This article introduces the overall implementation plan, which can serve as a model for the hybrid energy communities to be established in the future.

Community Perception on Smart Engagement: Case of Kubang Pasu Local Government

Implementing smart community engagement should consider careful planning and collaboration with numerous stakeholders, including the community. The technology and program must be designed to frame its purpose and should link back to specific goals of implementing smart community engagement. Digital services do not guarantee a smart engagement between the community and the local government. This is the case for the Kubang Pasu local government where several online services have been provided in their attempt to implement the smart community concept. However, understanding on the preferences of features and requirements of existing web-based systems and the impact of these systems is lacking. Therefore, a perception study needs to be conducted to obtain information regarding smart community engagement implementation. This study aimed to discover the community’s perceptions on smart community engagement, specifically for Kubang Pasu in terms of its local context. To achieve this, a combination of interview and online survey was employed involving stakeholders of several organizations and 309 respondents among the community in Kubang Pasu. Result of the interview and survey revealed moderate engagement between the community and organizations due to low awareness, moderate engagement between the community and local authorities, low exposure to online services, as well as the weaknesses of the current online systems. It can be concluded that the satisfaction level of the respondents with officers at the organizations was only moderate. The implementation of e-services could reduce face-to-face interactions, which could help to improve the satisfaction level. This could also help in moving toward the smart community engagement concept. Therefore, the smart communication method via social media, email, and website could be employed to increase the low rating of public engagement with the authorities. This move will foster the prompt implementation of smart community engagement.

Impact of Community Social Development Projects on Community Improvement: Case of Ibule-Soro Community, Ondo State, Nigeria

Infrastructure is important to livability of any community, hence efforts have been made by the government and the communities to provide these infrastructures. This is because it is evident that only government cannot provide all the needed infrastructures, so there is need for collaborative efforts which is done by participation of the community in the implementation of the provision of infrastructure. The collaborative effort was adopted by the Community and Social Development Projects (CSDP), a World-Bank assisted project. This study was carried out in Ibule-Soro community, in Ifedore Local Government Area, Ondo State. In all, 400 buildings were identified in the community by the community leaders out of which 10% were selected, which gave a sample size of 40 for the questionnaire administration; discussion session was held with the leaders of the community. Concept of community development and CSDP was critiqued. Findings revealed that the community is not poor, as 65% of the respondents earned above N30,000 which is the minimum wage in Nigeria, this may be due majorly to the fact that 85% of the respondents are engaged in one or the other activity like government employment, private sector or self-employed. Also, 65% of the respondents submitted that the community heard about CSDP through the community leader. It took less than six months between when the community informed the office and when the office responded to the community. The projects implemented in the community are renovation of the block of six classrooms in the Jooro high school and extension of 31 electric poles in Ibule-Soro community. The projects have lots of positive impact on the community as it has enhanced increase in the number of students’ enrolment at Jooro high school and the electric poles extension has improved the electric voltage in the community. The use of the participatory approach to implementation of community projects was recommended for adoption in similar future projects.