Functionalized Carbon Nanodots for Biomedical Applications

Considering the high interests and concerns in regards to quantum dots (QDs), their properties and applications, this paper presents highly photoluminescent amino-functionalized carbon QDs which were prepared via a simple one-step method developed directly from pine needle. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectra, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy. These carbon QDs show strong and stable PL, which is dependent on excitation wavelength. The intense PL under longer excitation wavelength and excellent bioactivities suggest they can be used for biomedical applications due to its high photostability and biocompatibility.

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Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Carbon Nanodots and Elucidation of Carbon Nanodot Uptake Routes in Macrophages

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11051116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1116

Author(s):

Andrew Dunphy ◽

Kamal Patel ◽

Sarah Belperain ◽

Aubrey Pennington ◽

Norman H. L. Chiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Carbon Nanodots ◽

Mercury Chloride ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Welfare Issue ◽

Target Cell Line ◽

Chloride Channel Blocker ◽

Cd 68 ◽

Global Concern

Atherosclerosis represents an ever-present global concern, as it is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and an immense public welfare issue. Macrophages play a key role in the onset of the disease state and are popular targets in vascular research and therapeutic treatment. Carbon nanodots (CNDs) represent a type of carbon-based nanomaterial and have garnered attention in recent years for potential in biomedical applications. This investigation serves as a foremost attempt at characterizing the interplay between macrophages and CNDs. We have employed THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages as our target cell line representing primary macrophages in the human body. Our results showcase that CNDs are non-toxic at a variety of doses. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and co-treatment with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs. This co-treatment significantly increased the expression of CD 206 and CD 68 (key receptors involved in phagocytosis) and increased the expression of CCL2 (a monocyte chemoattractant and pro-inflammatory cytokine). The phagocytic activity of THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages co-treated with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs also showed a significant increase. Furthermore, this study also examined potential entrance routes of CNDs into macrophages. We have demonstrated an inhibition in the uptake of CNDs in macrophages treated with nocodazole (microtubule disruptor), N-phenylanthranilic acid (chloride channel blocker), and mercury chloride (aquaporin channel inhibitor). Collectively, this research provides evidence that CNDs cause functional changes in macrophages and indicates a variety of potential entrance routes.

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Simultaneous fabrication of carbon nanodots and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from fish scale for biomedical applications

Materials Science and Engineering C ◽

10.1016/j.msec.2020.111313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 111313 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jegan Athinarayanan ◽

Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy ◽

Ali A. Alshatwi

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Carbon Nanodots ◽

Fish Scale ◽

Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

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Recent Advances in Carbon Nanodots: A Promising Nanomaterial for Biomedical Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22136786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 6786

Author(s):

Safeera Khan ◽

Andrew Dunphy ◽

Mmesoma S. Anike ◽

Sarah Belperain ◽

Kamal Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Research Progress ◽

Carbon Nanodots ◽

Future Studies ◽

Surface Molecules ◽

Disease States ◽

Recent Developments

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials and have generated much interest in the field of biomedicine by way of unique properties, such as superior biocompatibility, stability, excellent photoluminescence, simple green synthesis, and easy surface modification. CNDs have been featured in a host of applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, and therapy. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress of CNDs and discuss key advances in our comprehension of CNDs and their potential as biomedical tools. We highlighted the recent developments in the understanding of the functional tailoring of CNDs by modifying dopants and surface molecules, which have yielded a deeper understanding of their antioxidant behavior and mechanisms of action. The increasing amount of in vitro research regarding CNDs has also spawned interest in in vivo practices. Chief among them, we discuss the emergence of research analyzing CNDs as useful therapeutic agents in various disease states. Each subject is debated with reflection on future studies that may further our grasp of CNDs.

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