scholarly journals Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Carbon Nanodots and Elucidation of Carbon Nanodot Uptake Routes in Macrophages

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Andrew Dunphy ◽  
Kamal Patel ◽  
Sarah Belperain ◽  
Aubrey Pennington ◽  
Norman H. L. Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Target Cell Line ◽  
Chloride Channel Blocker ◽  
Cd 68 ◽  
Global Concern

Atherosclerosis represents an ever-present global concern, as it is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and an immense public welfare issue. Macrophages play a key role in the onset of the disease state and are popular targets in vascular research and therapeutic treatment. Carbon nanodots (CNDs) represent a type of carbon-based nanomaterial and have garnered attention in recent years for potential in biomedical applications. This investigation serves as a foremost attempt at characterizing the interplay between macrophages and CNDs. We have employed THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages as our target cell line representing primary macrophages in the human body. Our results showcase that CNDs are non-toxic at a variety of doses. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and co-treatment with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs. This co-treatment significantly increased the expression of CD 206 and CD 68 (key receptors involved in phagocytosis) and increased the expression of CCL2 (a monocyte chemoattractant and pro-inflammatory cytokine). The phagocytic activity of THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages co-treated with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs also showed a significant increase. Furthermore, this study also examined potential entrance routes of CNDs into macrophages. We have demonstrated an inhibition in the uptake of CNDs in macrophages treated with nocodazole (microtubule disruptor), N-phenylanthranilic acid (chloride channel blocker), and mercury chloride (aquaporin channel inhibitor). Collectively, this research provides evidence that CNDs cause functional changes in macrophages and indicates a variety of potential entrance routes.

Carbon nanodots and their composites for biomedical applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-419
Author(s):  
王晓筠 WANG Xiao-yun ◽  
李 波 LI Bo ◽  
陈 力 CHEN Li ◽  
李 迪 LI Di ◽  
曲松楠 QU Song-nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanodots

scholarly journals Involvement of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oral Mucosal Bacterial Immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Vázquez ◽  
Lidia M. Fernández-Sevilla ◽  
Eva Jiménez ◽  
David Pérez-Cabrera ◽  
Rosa Yañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Tract Infections

Recent clinical observations indicate that bacterial vaccines induce cross-protection against infections produced by different microorganisms. MV130, a polyvalent bacterial sublingual preparation designed to prevent recurrent respiratory infectious diseases, reduces the infection rate in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key cell components that contribute to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive functions. Herein, we study the effects of MV130 in human MSC functionality as a potential mechanism that contributes to its clinical benefits. We provide evidence that during MV130 sublingual immunization of mice, resident oral mucosa MSCs can take up MV130 components and their numbers remain unchanged after vaccination, in contrast to granulocytes that are recruited from extramucosal tissues. MSCs treated in vitro with MV130 show an increased viability without affecting their differentiation potential. In the short-term, MSC treatment with MV130 induces higher leukocyte recruitment and T cell expansion. In contrast, once T-cell activation is initiated, MV130 stimulation induces an up-regulated expression of immunosuppressor factors in MSCs. Accordingly, MV130-primed MSCs reduce T lymphocyte proliferation, induce the differentiation of dendritic cells with immunosuppressive features and favor M2-like macrophage polarization, thus counterbalancing the immune response. In addition, MSCs trained with MV130 undergo functional changes, enhancing their immunomodulatory response to a secondary stimulus. Finally, we show that MSCs are able to uptake, process and retain a reservoir of the TLR ligands derived from MV130 digestion which can be subsequently transferred to dendritic cells, an additional feature that also may be associated to trained immunity.

Photoluminescent Green Carbon Nanodots from Food-Waste-Derived Sources: Large-Scale Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 3365-3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Park ◽  
Hyun Uk Lee ◽  
Eun Sik Park ◽  
Soon Chang Lee ◽  
Jae-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Large Scale Synthesis

Recent advances in carbon nanodots: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1586-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Miao ◽  
Kun Han ◽  
Yuguo Tang ◽  
Bidou Wang ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Synthesis Properties

scholarly journals Lupeol Counteracts the Proinflammatory Signalling Triggered in Macrophages by 7-Keto-Cholesterol: New Perspectives in the Therapy of Atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmistha Saha ◽  
Elisabetta Profumo ◽  
Anna Rita Togna ◽  
Rachele Riganò ◽  
Luciano Saso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foam Cell ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Macrophage activation and polarization play a central role in atherosclerotic plaque fate. The M1/M2 activation phenotypes represent two profiles of the macrophage polarization state. During atherosclerosis regression or stabilization, macrophages switch from M1 proinflammatory phenotype to M2 anti-inflammatory reparative one. Here, we investigated whether the natural compound lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, induces phenotypical and functional changes in human M1 macrophages and counteracts the proinflammatory signalling triggered by 7-keto-cholesterol (7KC), a major product of oxidative stress-mediated cholesterol oxidation. Flow cytometric and immunochemical analysis showed that the treatment with lupeol of M1 monocyte-derived macrophages M(IFN-γ/LPS) specifically stimulated these cells to upregulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-)10 and TGF-β, and of the scavenger receptor CD36, whereas downregulated the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and the M1 activation marker HLA-DR. Pretreatment of macrophages with lupeol prevented the release of IL-12, IL-1β, and the upregulation of HLA-DR expression triggered by 7KC and increased the IL-10 production and CD36 expression. This treatment also prevented the impairment of endocytosis triggered by 7KC and prevented 7KC-induced foam cell formation by reducing the lipid droplet accumulation in M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages, whereas showed an additive effect in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Western blotting analysis of autophagy markers LC3-I/II and p62-SQSTM1 in M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages demonstrated that lupeol activated autophagy as indicated by increased LC3-II levels, and by marked inhibition of p62. These findings indicate that lupeol has a cytoprotective effect on 7KC-proinflammatory signalling by efficiently switching the macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, probably through the activation of the autophagy pathway by increasing ROS production, the reduction of cellular lipid accumulation, and an overall reduction of proinflammatory phenotype. Thus, our data demonstrating an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of lupeol in human M1 macrophages suggest its usefulness as an adjunctive drug in the therapy of atherosclerosis.

Facile and green synthesis of amino-functionalized carbon nanodots for biomedical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950062
Author(s):  
Zhongyan Gao ◽  
Qiang Ding ◽  
Qizhi Diao ◽  
Zhongying Guan ◽  
Biqiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Step Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Scanning Electron

Considering the high interests and concerns in regards to quantum dots (QDs), their properties and applications, this paper presents highly photoluminescent amino-functionalized carbon QDs which were prepared via a simple one-step method developed directly from pine needle. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectra, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy. These carbon QDs show strong and stable PL, which is dependent on excitation wavelength. The intense PL under longer excitation wavelength and excellent bioactivities suggest they can be used for biomedical applications due to its high photostability and biocompatibility.

Transnational influences on Domestic Violence Policy and Action – Exploring Developments in China and England

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Hester
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Domestic Violence Policy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Recognised as a global concern by the UN, and increasingly acknowledged as a gendered crime and welfare issue in such diverse settings as the UK and China, domestic violence provides an important window on the development of policy and action in a global context. Focusing specifically on England and China, and mainly on the latter, the article highlights the need for gender to be an integral aspect of global social policy analysis, examines the impact of international organisations (governmental and non-governmental) on domestic violence policy development, and demonstrates the importance of country context in constructing and implementing global policy frameworks.

scholarly journals Macrophage Heterogeneity in Kidney Injury and Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wen ◽  
Hong-Ru Yan ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Bi-Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Monocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Macrophage Accumulation

Kidney macrophages are central in kidney disease pathogenesis and have therapeutic potential in preventing tissue injury and fibrosis. Recent studies highlighted that kidney macrophages are notably heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill opposing functions such as clearing deposited pathogens, maintaining immune tolerance, initiating and regulating inflammatory responses, promoting kidney fibrosis, and degrading the extracellular matrix. Macrophage origins can partially explain macrophage heterogeneity in the kidneys. Circulating Ly6C+ monocytes are recruited to inflammatory sites by chemokines, while self-renewed kidney resident macrophages contribute to kidney repair and fibrosis. The proliferation of resident macrophages or infiltrating monocytes provides an alternative explanation of macrophage accumulation after kidney injury. In addition, dynamic Ly6C expression on infiltrating monocytes accompanies functional changes in handling kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanisms underlying kidney macrophage heterogeneity, either by recruiting monocyte subpopulations, regulating macrophage polarization, or impacting distinctive macrophage functions, may help develop macrophage-targeted therapies for kidney diseases.

scholarly journals YAP/TAZ deficiency reprograms macrophage phenotype and improves infarct healing and cardiac function after myocardial infarction

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. e3000941
Author(s):  
Masum M. Mia ◽  
Dasan Mary Cibi ◽  
Siti Aishah Binte Abdul Ghani ◽  
Weihua Song ◽  
Nicole Tee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Functional Changes

Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) causes structural and functional changes in the heart leading to heart failure. The initial post-MI pro-inflammatory response followed by reparative or anti-inflammatory response is essential for minimizing the myocardial damage, healing, and scar formation. Bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) are recruited to the injured myocardium and are essential for cardiac repair as they can adopt both pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotypes to modulate inflammatory and reparative responses, respectively. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the key mediators of the Hippo signaling pathway and are essential for cardiac regeneration and repair. However, their functions in macrophage polarization and post-MI inflammation, remodeling, and healing are not well established. Here, we demonstrate that expression of YAP and TAZ is increased in macrophages undergoing pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotype changes. Genetic deletion of YAP/TAZ leads to impaired pro-inflammatory and enhanced reparative response. Consistently, YAP activation enhanced pro-inflammatory and impaired reparative response. We show that YAP/TAZ promote pro-inflammatory response by increasing interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and impede reparative response by decreasing Arginase-I (Arg1) expression through interaction with the histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) repressor complex. These changes in macrophages polarization due to YAP/TAZ deletion results in reduced fibrosis, hypertrophy, and increased angiogenesis, leading to improved cardiac function after MI. Also, YAP activation augmented MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. In summary, we identify YAP/TAZ as important regulators of macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory or reparative responses post-MI.

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