Social Reality – The Phenomenological Approach

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Salice ◽  
Hans Bernhard Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Phenomenological Approach

scholarly journals Social Introspection of I. A. Bláha and Wittgenstein’s’ Argument Counter to Private Language. Anniversary Study on Introspection Approach in Social Sciences.

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Dušan Janák
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Private Language

The following text discusses the method of social introspection of the Czech philosopher and sociologist I.A. Bláha. It focuses both on presenting the method and exploring its potentials and limits in order to understand social reality. The application of the Wittgenstein´s argument against the private language as a critique of the introspective perspective and a brief analysis of the phenomenological approach in sociology will help to assess the boundaries of this approach. Theoretical conclusions of application of the introspection method in sociology are drawn at the end of the text and thus allow to assess applicability of the Blaha's own method.

scholarly journals The Role of Myth in Extremism: the Socio-Philosophical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Izluchenko Tatyana V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This study examines myth as an ideological component of extremism. The objective is to define the role and meaning of myths in extremist activities. Extremism is a socio-cultural and political phenomenon of modern culture, expressed in actions against the foundations of the constitutional order and public security. Myths contribute to the formation of a holistic picture of the world, to the construction of an alternative social reality, and the creation of models of thinking and behavior that correspond to the goals and objectives of extremist organizations. The research methodology is based on the theories of myth by A. Losev and M. Eliade, on the phenomenological approach of P. Berger and T. Luckmann to the construction of reality, on the cognitive features proposed by A. Kruglanski, and the interpretation of deviance by J. Gilinsky. Extremist behavior is a form of deviance, expressing in the committing of non-normative actions that threaten the stability of society and activate the mechanisms of social control. Extremist thinking is the result of psychological construction, which arose on the basis of the unnatural functioning of the cognitive system. Extremist ideologies contain myths about the future ideal state and/or society, heroes, and legendary personalities, as well as eschatological myths. Essentially, these myths do not differ from the myths inherent in other types of activity and socio-cultural phenomena. However, they contribute to extremism by demonstrating acceptable and unacceptable norms of behavior as exemplified by some legendary personalities; interpretation of historical events and processes of social reality following the political goals of organizations; creation and transmission of relevant ideas and values; the formation of identity and a sense of exclusivity among extremists. Keywords: extremism, extremist organizations, ideology, myth, future state, ideal society, deviance

scholarly journals BELARUSIAN-POLISH-LITHUANIAN BORDERLANDS: PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikalai Biaspamiatnych
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Phenomenological Sociology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Classical Sociology

The paper presents opportunities of the phenomenological approach towards the Belarusian‐Polish‐Lithuanian borderlands. Such approach is based upon the principles of understanding of social reality elaborated in phenomenology (E. Husserl, M. Heidegger) and phenomenological sociology (A. Schutz) and presents a different view of the borderlands as compared with the traditional (classical) sociology. The social and cultural space of the borderlands is reflected in the modes of distance (close ‐ distant), temporality (now ‐ then) and the “presence of the Other” (local ‐ stranger), as well as their interrelated modifications. It helps to understand the degree of the acquisition / alienation of various cultural and political phenomena of the historical past and the present‐day life. The historical events and personalities, as well as existing monuments of culture in the borderlands are reflected in “our / alien” dichotomy. This results in the representation of the identities of the borderlands as liquid and plural constructs and the matters of interpretation.

scholarly journals Construction of Social Reality in Fiction and Phenomenology of Everyday Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
S. V. Rudanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The idea of the constructed character of social reality implies human contribution to institutional arrangements and cultural patterns that determine the shape of collective existence. The article examines the specific features of social construction seen and studied in phenomenological approach by A. Schutz, P. Berger, Th. Luckmann. The concept reveals significance of daily cognitive style which enables people to structure and understand the world they share with others, escaping situations fraught with gaps of meanings and anomy. The author of the article analyzes the process of social construction, distinguishing it from imaginary building of reality that goes beyond the existed order. Reality of daily life is compared with fictional society represented in J.L. Borges’ “Lottery in Babylon”. Telling about the social construction as it may be, the story demonstrates the similarities between the mental procedures that underlie real and antiutopian (inhuman) routines. The article also centers on peculiarities of phenomenological beholder’s attitude towards sociality. On the one hand, it tends to be free from any theoretical abstractions, imaginary constructions or critical destruction of reality, on the other - inclines to transcend the reified forms of social being and engenders a certain critical message.

scholarly journals Feminisasi Kemiskinan: Studi Tentang Pengemis Perempuan pada Masyarakat Matrilineal Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Welhendri Azwar ◽  
Muliono Muliono ◽  
Yuli Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Dignified Life

Tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan fenomena keterpinggiran kaum perempuan Minangkabu di Sumatera Barat. Beberapa konsep teoritik feminis digunakan untuk menganalisis bagaimana konstruksi sistem sosial masyarakat memposisikan perempuan dalam realitas kehidupannya. Lalu, membaca posisi ketertindasan perempuan dalam kemiskinannya atau kemiskinan perempuan dalam ketertindasannya. Pembahasan ini menjadi penting disebabkan fakta menunjukkan betapa banyak kaum perempuan Minang berjuang melawan kemiskinan yang sering terlihat melawan kodratnya. Pada posisi ini, pembahasan ini diharapkan dapat membuka pemahman atas dominasi perempuan dalam kultur Minangkabau, Sumatera Barat. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif­fenomenologis, sebagai usaha ekplorasi dan klarifikasi yang kemudian menjelaskan fenomana pemiskinan kaum perempuan sebagai realitas sosial. Belenggu kemiskinan perempuan dalam studi ini dilatari oleh dua hal yaitu ketidakberdayaannya dalam melawan kultur yang bersifat paternalistik dan hambatannya dalam menemukan akses ekonomi yang lebih baik untuk kehidupan yang lebih bermartabat.[This article explains the phenomenon of marginalization on Minangkabau women in West Sumatra. The author uses some feminist theoretical concepts to analyze how social construction puts women in their reality of life. Then, to read the position of women oppression in their poverty, or women’s poverty in their oppression. This research is important because the facts show that many Minangkabau women struggle against poverty which often seems to be against their nature. In this position, this research is expected to reveal the understanding of women’s dominance in Minangkabau culture, West Sumatra. This research uses a descriptive-phenomenological approach as an exploration and clarification effort, then explains the phenomenon of women’s impoverishment as a social reality. The poverty shackles of women in this research are based on two things, namely their inadequacy against the paternalistic culture and its obstacles to find better economic access for a more dignified life.]

scholarly journals Understanding anorexia: an hermeneutic approach as a methodological alternative for the field of contemporary anorexia research

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Puuronen
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Neutral Process ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
The Individual

Theories of anorexia nervosa have mainly been dominated by psychiatry and concentrate upon its physiological aspects, both in diagnosis and treatment. This has led to a search for organic causes behind anorectic conditions, instead of seeing it as molded and shaped both by the individual and the socio-cultural context. This "medicalisation" has been an impediment to a more complete conceptualisation of the experience of discipline and of the ascetic modes of action in anorexia. The intension is to approach anorexia as lived process. The focus is not in explaining what cause anorexia, but is centered on the contents of living experience as such. Thus, the author proposes a phenomenological approach to anorexia as a methodological alternative compared to the dominant medico-psychological approaches to anorexia of today. If we consider the body of an anorectic person as an intersection in which the subject's relationship to social reality will be materialized and verified, we are able to see first how accurate a picture of the dual meanings, double bindings and paradoxical commitments of our present culture and its relation to a woman's body anorexia will draw up. Also, because the fact is that anorexia is a predominantly "women's" illness we have to take in account that the construction of subjectivity and in this context the construction of a lived anorectic experience of discipline, is not a gender-neutral process.

Social representations of human rights violations: Further evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Individual Actions

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.

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