The History of Bipolar Disorder

BackgroundNorth American studies show bipolar disorder is associated with elevated rates of problem gambling; however, little is known about rates in the different presentations of bipolar illness.AimsTo determine the prevalence and distribution of problem gambling in people with bipolar disorder in the UK.MethodThe Problem Gambling Severity Index was used to measure gambling problems in 635 participants with bipolar disorder.ResultsModerate to severe gambling problems were four times higher in people with bipolar disorder than in the general population, and were associated with type 2 disorder (OR = 1.74, P = 0.036), history of suicidal ideation or attempt (OR = 3.44, P = 0.02) and rapid cycling (OR = 2.63, P = 0.008).ConclusionsApproximately 1 in 10 patients with bipolar disorder may be at moderate to severe risk of problem gambling, possibly associated with suicidal behaviour and a rapid cycling course. Elevated rates of gambling problems in type 2 disorder highlight the probable significance of modest but unstable mood disturbance in the development and maintenance of such problems.

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A History of Psychosis in Bipolar Disorder is Associated With Gray Matter Volume Reduction

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbw080 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 99-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Carl Johan Ekman ◽

Predrag Petrovic ◽

Anette G. M. Johansson ◽

Carl Sellgren ◽

Martin Ingvar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Volume Reduction ◽

Matter Volume ◽

History Of

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Historical perspectives and natural history of bipolar disorder

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00909-4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 445-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 205

Author(s):

Jules Angst ◽

Robert Sellaro

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Natural History ◽

Historical Perspectives ◽

History Of

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Cognitive reserve in neuropsychiatry

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291706007501 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 1053-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

J. H. BARNETT ◽

C. H. SALMOND ◽

P. B. JONES ◽

B. J. SAHAKIAN

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Head Injury ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Future Studies ◽

Cognitive Failure ◽

History Of

Background. The idea that superior cognitive function acts as a protective factor against dementia and the consequences of head injury is well established. Here we suggest the hypothesis that cognitive reserve is also important in neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Method. We review the history of passive and active models of reserve, and apply the concept to neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is used as an exemplar because the effects of premorbid IQ and cognitive function in this disorder have been extensively studied.Results. Cognitive reserve may impact on neuropsychiatric disorders in three ways: by affecting the risk for developing the disorder, in the expression of symptoms within disorders, and in patients' functional outcome. Cognitive failure below a certain threshold may alone, or in combination with common psychiatric symptoms, produce neuropsychiatric syndromes.Conclusions. Consideration of cognitive reserve may considerably improve our understanding of individual differences in the causes and consequences of neuropsychiatric disorders. For these reasons, the concept of cognitive reserve should be incorporated in future studies of neuropsychiatric disorder. It may be possible to enhance cognitive reserve through pharmacological or non-pharmacological means, such as education, neurocognitive activation or other treatment programmes.

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Who Responds to Prophylactic Lithium Therapy?

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s0007125000292441 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 163 (S21) ◽

pp. 20-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. T. Abou-Saleh

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Family History ◽

Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Predictors Of Outcome ◽

Powerful Predictor ◽

Bipolar Illness ◽

History Of ◽

Psychotic Features

The search for predictors of outcome has not been particularly rewarding, and the use of lithium remains empirical: a trial of lithium is the most powerful predictor of outcome. However, lithium is a highly specific treatment for bipolar disorder. In non-bipolar affective disorder, factors of interest are correlates of bipolar disorder: mood-congruent psychotic features, retarded-endogenous profile, cyclothymic personality, positive family history of bipolar illness, periodicity, and normality between episodes of illness.

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Dissecting clinical heterogeneity of bipolar disorder using multiple polygenic risk scores

10.1101/2020.03.31.20044800 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Brandon J. Coombes ◽

Matej Markota ◽

J. John Mann ◽

Colin Colby ◽

Eli Stahl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Rapid Cycling ◽

Clinical Heterogeneity ◽

Polygenic Risk ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

History Of ◽

Dsm Iv

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) has high clinical heterogeneity, frequent psychiatric comorbidities, and elevated suicide risk. To determine genetic differences between common clinical sub-phenotypes of BD, we performed a systematic PRS analysis using multiple polygenic risk scores (PRSs) from a range of psychiatric, personality, and lifestyle traits to dissect differences in BD sub-phenotypes in two BD cohorts: the Mayo Clinic BD Biobank (N = 968) and Genetic Association Information Network (N = 1001). Participants were assessed for history of psychosis, early-onset BD, rapid cycling (defined as four or more episodes in a year), and suicide attempts using questionnaires and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. In a combined sample of 1969 bipolar cases (45.5% male), those with psychosis had higher PRS for SCZ (OR = 1.3 per S.D.; p = 3e-5) but lower PRSs for anhedonia (OR = 0.87; p = 0.003) and BMI (OR = 0.87; p = 0.003). Rapid cycling cases had higher PRS for ADHD (OR = 1.23; p = 7e-5) and MDD (OR = 1.23; p = 4e-5) and lower BD PRS (OR = 0.8; p = 0.004). Cases with a suicide attempt had higher PRS for MDD (OR = 1.26; p = 1e-6) and anhedonia (OR = 1.22; p = 2e-5) as well as lower PRS for educational attainment (OR = 0.87; p = 0.003). The observed novel PRS associations with sub-phenotypes align with clinical observations such as rapid cycling BD patients having a greater lifetime prevalence of ADHD. Our findings confirm that genetic heterogeneity underlies the clinical heterogeneity of BD and consideration of genetic contribution to psychopathologic components of psychiatric disorders may improve genetic prediction of complex psychiatric disorders.

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Clinical Characteristics and Psychotropic Drug Prescription Patterns of Bipolar Disorder Patients with a History of Suicidal Attempts: Findings from the REAP-BD, Korea

Psychiatry Investigation ◽

10.30773/pi.2019.03.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 459-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seon-Cheol Park ◽

Kiwon Kim ◽

Ok-Jin Jang ◽

Seung-Gon Kim ◽

Jung Goo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Psychotropic Drug ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Prescription Patterns ◽

Suicidal Attempts ◽

History Of

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Cognitive impact in bipolar disorder

Archives of Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.17352/2455-5460.000042 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 052-058

Author(s):

Bourin Michel

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Cognitive Difficulties ◽

Speed Of Information Processing ◽

History Of ◽

Bipolar Patients ◽

Disability Severity ◽

Depressive Episodes

It appears that bipolar patients suffer from cognitive difficulties whereas they are in period of thymic stability. These intercritical cognitive difficulties are fairly stable and their severity is correlated with the functional outcome of patients. Nevertheless, the profile of cognitive impairment varies significantly from study to study quantitatively and qualitatively. According to the studies, the authors find difficulties in terms of learning, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, sustained attention, speed of information processing, functions executive. On the other hand, deficits of general intelligence, motor functions, selective attention, and language are not usually found. One of the reasons for the heterogeneity of results is the difficulty of exploring cognition in bipolar disorder. Many factors must be taken into account, such as the presence of residual mood symptoms, the longitudinal history of the disorder (age of onset, number of episodes due, among others, the neurotoxic impact of depressive episodes and deleterious cognitive effects). (length of hospitalization), level of disability severity, comorbidities (particularly addictive).

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