Arsenic in Drinking Water: An Emerging Human Right Challenge in India

2016 ◽  
pp. 55-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Ashok Ghosh ◽  
Nandita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Right

scholarly journals Assessment of bacteriological quality of drinking water from various sources in Amritsar district of northern India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita Malhotra ◽  
Shailpreet K Sidhu ◽  
Pushpa Devi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Introduction: Safe water is a precondition for health and development and is a basic human right, yet it is still denied to hundreds of millions of people throughout the developing world. Water-related diseases caused by insufficient safe water supplies, coupled with poor sanitation and hygiene, cause 3.4 million deaths a year, mostly in children. Methodology: The present study was conducted on 1,317 drinking water samples from various water sources in Amritsar district in northern India. All the samples were analyzed to assess bacteriological quality of water for presumptive coliform count by the multiple tube test. Results: A total of 42.9% (565/1,317) samples from various sources were found to be unfit for human consumption. Of the total 565 unsatisfactory samples, 253 were from submersible pumps, 197 were from taps of piped supply (domestic/public), 79 were from hand pumps, and 36 were from various other sources A significantly high level of contamination was observed in samples collected from submersible pumps (47.6%) and water tanks (47.3%), as these sources of water are more exposed and liable to contamination. Conclusions: Despite continuous efforts by the government, civil society, and the international community, over a billion people still do not have access to improved water resources. Bacteriological assessment of all sources of drinking should be planned and conducted on regular basis to prevent waterborne dissemination of diseases.

scholarly journals Sustainable access to safe drinking water: fundamental human right in the international and national scene

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Maran de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Government

Access to potable water is absolutely essential to the maintenance of life, as well as to provide regular exercise of other human rights. The lack of access to water in sufficient quantity or access to non-potable water may cause serious and irreparable damage to people. This paper investigates the evolution of international and national recognition of this fundamental human right, whether implicit or explicit. This was accomplished by the study of international human rights treaties, bibliographic information on water resources and their corresponding legal systems, national and international. The results suggest that sustainable access to drinking water is a fundamental human right in the context of international relations and the State. Further, even without explicitly stating this right in the Constitution of 1988, Brazil has incorporated the main international provisions on the subject, but this right must be acknowledged according to the principles of non-typical fundamental rights and the dignity of the human person. This right should be universally guaranteed by the Government in sufficient quantity and quality, regardless of the economic resources of individuals.

scholarly journals An Inconvenient Truth about Access to Safe Drinking Water

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
A. W. Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Population ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
An Inconvenient Truth ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal 6 ◽  
The Right

The phrase inconvenient truth associated with global warming and climate change has received a great deal of publicity some years back. The objective of this article is to highlight a different kind of inconvenient truth which affects about 29% of the world population. It is about the lack of access to safe drinking water that results in over 1.2 million preventable deaths annually. The first two targets of UN sustainable development goal 6 (SDG6) aim at providing universal, affordable and sustainable access to “water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)”.  Recognizing the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a basic human right, issues related to this problem as well as possible options to alleviate the problem are discussed.

scholarly journals On the Changing Structure of International Investment Law: The Human Right to Water and ICSID Arbitration

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Marrella
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
Independent Expert ◽  
The Right

AbstractWater is the world’s third largest industry after oil and energy power. Although clean drinking water and sanitation are necessary for the health and development of individuals and communities, even today, billions of people lack access to either. In response to these concerns, the international community has set a Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of providing, by 2015, clean water and improved sanitation to at least half of the people worldwide who now lack these services. Water is treated both as a public good and an economic good. In the last decade, we have witnessed the commoditisation through privatization and liberalisation of an essential good for each individual’s life. Transnational corporations may encounter water issues in at least three different contexts: a) as enablers of access to water; b) as providers or distributors of water and c) as a user or consumer of water. Many initiatives have been developed within the United Nations such as the Global Compact and the appointment of both an independent expert on human rights obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation and a Special Representative of the Secretary General on business and human rights. Both of them are mainstreaming human rights in the business sector reconciling different forms of regulations. The right to water has come into discussion in a number of ICSID arbitrations and other cases are still pending. The purpose of this article is to discuss the advancement of the thinking in this field so that it could be applied in arbitration practice.

scholarly journals A EXTRAFISCALIDADE E A TRIBUTAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS DE FORNECIMENTO DE ÁGUA POTÁVEL: POSSIBILIDADES E ALTERNATIVAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Paulo Antônio Caliendo Velloso Da Silveira ◽  
Paola Mondardo Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Many

Sem a água o corpo humano não sobrevive. Não apenas a espécie humana, mas todos os seres vivos necessitam de água para o funcionamento do seu organismo, seja ele animal ou vegetal. À vista disso, e considerando a problemática atual da escassez de água no país e o recente reconhecimento pela ONU do direito à água potável como um direito humano, fica evidente a urgência na busca por meios de preservação deste elemento indispensável para a manutenção da vida. A tributação com finalidade extrafiscal do fornecimento de água potável é uma dentre as opções de ações governamentais que poderia ser utilizada com objetivo de salvaguardar bem tão precioso. Entretanto, indispensável uma análise mais aprofundada sobre as espécies de tributos possíveis para cumprir esta função, principalmente no que tange às suas vantagens e desvantagens, razão pela qual o presente estudo se demonstra necessário.Palavras-chave: Água. Tributação. Extrafiscalidade. Direitos fundamentais. Sustentabilidade.Abstract: Without water the human body does not survive. It is not just the human species, but all living things need water, animal or vegetable. Having that in mind, and considering the current problem of water scarcity in the country and the recent recognition by the UN of the human right to water and sanitation, it is evident the urgency in the search for ways to preserve this element that is indispensable for maintaining life. The extra-fiscal taxation of the supply of drinking water is one of the many options for governmental actions that could be used with the purpose of safeguarding so precious good. However, a more in-depth analysis of the possible tributary types to fulfill this function is essential, especially as regards their advantages and disadvantages. Keywords: Water. Taxation. Extrafiscality. Fundamental rights. Sustainability

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