Back Stress in Modeling the Response of PEEK and PC

2016 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Wenlong Li ◽  
George Gazonas ◽  
Eric N. Brown ◽  
Philip J. Rae ◽  
Mehrdad Negahban
Keyword(s):  
Back Stress

scholarly journals A dislocation density-based model for the work hardening and softening behaviors upon stress reversal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Lisiecka-Graca ◽  
Krzysztof Bzowski ◽  
Janusz Majta ◽  
Krzysztof Muszka
Keyword(s):  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Average Dislocation Density ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Mechanical Behaviours

AbstractThe mechanical behaviours of microalloyed and low-carbon steels under strain reversal were modelled based on the average dislocation density taking into account its allocation between the cell walls and cell interiors. The proposed model reflects the effects of the dislocations displacement, generation of new dislocations and their annihilation during the metal-forming processes. The back stress is assumed as one of the internal variables. The value of the initial dislocation density was calculated using two different computational methods, i.e. the first one based on the dislocation density tensor and the second one based on the strain gradient model. The proposed methods of calculating the dislocation density were subjected to a comparative analysis. For the microstructural analysis, the high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) microscopy was utilized. The calculation results were compared with the results of forward/reverse torsion tests. As a result, good effectiveness of the applied computational methodology was demonstrated. Finally, the analysis of dislocation distributions as an effect of the strain path change was performed.

Effect of back stress evolution due to martensitic transformation on iso-volume fraction lines in a Cr–Ni–Mo–Al–Ti maraging steel

2003 ◽  
Vol 341 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tanaka ◽  
T Terasaki ◽  
S Goto ◽  
T Antretter ◽  
F.D Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Stress Evolution

scholarly journals Heterogeneous lamella structure unites ultrafine-grain strength with coarse-grain ductility

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (47) ◽  
pp. 14501-14505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wu ◽  
Muxin Yang ◽  
Fuping Yuan ◽  
Guilin Wu ◽  
Yujie Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Ultrafine Grain ◽  
Asymmetric Rolling ◽  
Dislocation Hardening ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Lamella Structure

Grain refinement can make conventional metals several times stronger, but this comes at dramatic loss of ductility. Here we report a heterogeneous lamella structure in Ti produced by asymmetric rolling and partial recrystallization that can produce an unprecedented property combination: as strong as ultrafine-grained metal and at the same time as ductile as conventional coarse-grained metal. It also has higher strain hardening than coarse-grained Ti, which was hitherto believed impossible. The heterogeneous lamella structure is characterized with soft micrograined lamellae embedded in hard ultrafine-grained lamella matrix. The unusual high strength is obtained with the assistance of high back stress developed from heterogeneous yielding, whereas the high ductility is attributed to back-stress hardening and dislocation hardening. The process discovered here is amenable to large-scale industrial production at low cost, and might be applicable to other metal systems.

Estimation of Back Stress Produced by Dislocation Interaction in Icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn

2000 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisatoshi Hirai ◽  
Akira Kitahara ◽  
Fuyuki Yoshida ◽  
Hideharu Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Dislocation Interaction ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Phonon Component

AbstractWe attempted to calculate the breakaway stress σb of dislocation from attractive junction made by reaction of dislocations. Assuming that the force f acting on the unit length of dislocation with the Burgers vector B under a shear stress τa is f τ∣b˝∣ where b˝ is the phonon component of B, and that the elastic energy per unit length of dislocation W is approximated by W = G(∣b˝∣2 + c2 ∣b˔∣2) where G is the shear modulus, b˔ the phason component of B and c2 a coefficient of about 3.1 × 10−3. Using the values G = 48.4 GPa at 1070 K, the Taylor factor M = 3 and the measured dislocation density of 1.8 × 1013 m−2, we calculated σb for 21 possible dislocation reactions. Picking up the most possible dislocation reactions, σb distributed between 50 and 80 MPa, and the average of them was 64 MPa. This result strongly suggested the possibility that the main part of the internal stress of the high-temperature deformation of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn is explained by σb.

Strain partitioning and back-stress evaluation in harmonic-structure materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 128126
Author(s):  
Dmytro Orlov ◽  
Roman Kulagin ◽  
Yan Beygelzimer
Keyword(s):  
Back Stress ◽  
Harmonic Structure ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
Stress Evaluation

scholarly journals Plasticity based interface model for failure modelling of unreinforced masonry under cyclic loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-338
Author(s):  
P. V. S. K. Kumar ◽  
Amirtham Rajagopal ◽  
Manoj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Yield Surface ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Interface Model ◽  
Linear Set ◽  
Mixed Hardening ◽  
Hardening Law ◽  
Backward Integration

In this work our objective is to understand the failure behaviour of unreinforced masonry under in-plane cyclic loading. For this purpose we proposed a plasticity based interface model consists of a single yield surface criteria which is a direct extension of Mohr-Coulomb criteria with a tension cut and compression cap and a back stress vector is introduced as a mixed hardening law variable  in the adopted yield surface to capture the unloading/reloading behaviour of masonry under cyclic loading. A simplified micromechanical interface modelling approach is adopted to capture all the failure modes of masonry. The integration of the differential constitutive equation is  done by using implicit Euler backward integration approach and the obtained non-linear set of equations are solved by a combined local/global Newton solver. The proposed constitutive model  is implemented in ABAQUS by writing  UMAT (user-defined subroutine) and the obtained numerical results are compared with  experimental results available in the literature.

scholarly journals Semi-Automated Procedure to Estimate Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening Model to Simulate the Nonlinear Dynamic Properties of Soil and Rock

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8611
Author(s):  
Van-Linh Ngo ◽  
Changho Lee ◽  
Eun-haeng Lee ◽  
Jae-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Good Match ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Backbone Curves ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Properties ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Fitting Parameters ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The strain-dependent nonlinear properties of ground materials, such as shear modulus degradation (G/Gmax) and damping, are of significant importance in seismic-related analyses. However, the ABAQUS program lacks a comprehensive procedure to estimate parameters for a built-in model. In this study, a nonlinear kinematic hardening (NKH) model with three back-stress values was used, which allows better fitting to the backbone curves compared to the simplified nonlinear kinematic hardening (SNKH) model previously proposed. Instead of modeling in ABAQUS, a semi-automated procedure was implemented in MATLAB, which can predict shear stress–shear strain hysteretic loops, to find the fitting parameters to the target G/Gmax and/or damping curves. The procedure was applied for three soil and two rock samples, and the results indicate a good match between model and target backbone curves, which proves the application of the procedure and the NKH model in simulating the nonlinear properties of ground materials.

Numerical Evaluation of Crashworthiness of Automotive Sheets

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1537-1540
Author(s):  
Han Sun Ryou ◽  
Myoung Gyu Lee ◽  
Chong Min Kim ◽  
Kwan Soo Chung
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Yield Surface ◽  
Numerical Evaluation ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Yield Function ◽  
Chaboche Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Function Shape

Crash simulations were performed for automotive sheets. To understand the influence of crystal structures in sheet materials on crashworthiness, the effect of the yield function shape was studied by adopting the recently developed non-quadratic anisotropic yield surface, Yld2004-18p. The effect of the back-stress was also investigated by comparing simulation results obtained for the isotropic, kinematic and combined isotropic-kinematic hardening laws based on the modified Chaboche model. In addition, the effects of anisotropy and sheet thickness on crashworthiness were evaluated.

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