Role of Microsatellite Markers in Molecular Population Genetics of Fruit Flies with Emphasis on the Bactrocera dorsalis Invasion of Africa

2016 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Fathiya M. Khamis ◽  
Anna R. Malacrida
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Molecular Population Genetics

scholarly journals Jenis dan Peranan Parasitoid dalam Mengendalikan Populasi Lalat Buah (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) yang Menyerang Buah Mangga (Mangifera indica L) di Kabupaten Buleleng

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
I WAYAN SUSILA ◽  
I WAYAN SUPARTHA
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Parasitization Rate

The Role of parasitoid in controlling the population of fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) who attacked mangoes (Mangifera indica L) in Buleleng Regency. Thisresearch was conducted with the aim of knowing the role of parasitoids in controlling the population of fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mango plants (Mangifera indica L.) in Buleleng Regency. Field research was carried out at the Buleleng mango plantations while laboratory research was carried out at the Integrated Pest Management and Plant Disease Laboratory from April to July 2019.Field research was carried out at  the Buleleng mango plantations while laboratory research was carried out at the Integrated Pest Management laboratory and  was  carried out  from  April  to  July 2019.  Determination of the location of sampling  is  done  diagonally  and  fruits  infested  larvae  was  taken  purposively. The results showed that there were three species of fruit flies that attacked mango in Buleleng Regency, namely B. carambolae, B. papayae and B. occipitalis with an abundance of B. carambolae 39.3%, B. papayae 64.4% and B. occipitalis 0.3% and found three types of parasitoids namely Fopius sp, Diachasmimorpha sp. and Opius sp. The role of parasitoids in controlling fruit flies is still low when viewed from the parasitization rate of the three parasitoids namely Fopius sp. (2,24%), Diachasmimorpha sp. (1,9%), and Opius sp. (0,46%).

PERKEMBANGAN PRADEWASA DAN LAMA HIDUP IMAGO Psyttalia sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), PARASITOID LARVA LALAT BUAH Bactrocera dorsalis HEND (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Immature Development

The objective of the research were to investigate level parasitization, immature development period, longevity of adult parasitoids, along with number of progeny and parasitoid sex of Psyttalia sp. attacking larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis. This experiment was conducted in Laboratory of Entomology, Department Plant Pest and Diseases Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University from March to September 2007. The result showed that the average level of parasitization of Psyttalia sp. reached 24.24%. The highest one was 30% and the lowest was 16.7%. The immature development period of Psyttalia sp. ranged from 24-31 days with average 27.5 days. Longevity of imago parasitoids which stored at 5 0C was 14.1 days. In the research, the progeny of parasitoids which produced was females with percentage of females reached 59.99% and percentage of males reached 39.99%.Keywords: fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis, parasitoid, Psyttalia sp.

Pieces of Mind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Many people accept that chimpanzees, dolphins, and some other animals can think and feel. But these cases are just the tip of a growing iceberg. If biologists are right, fruit flies and plants make decisions, worms and honeybees can be trained, bacteria communicate linguistically, and neurons have preferences. Just how far does cognition go? This book is the first to critically consider this question from the perspective of the entire range of new ascriptions of psychological capacities throughout biology. It is also the first to consider the role of mathematical models and other quantitative forms of evidence in prompting and supporting the new ascriptions. It defends a default literal interpretation of psychological terms across biological domains. It also considers the implications of the literal view for efforts to explain the mind’s place in nature and for traditional ways of distinguishing the superior moral status of humans relative to other living beings.

A Primer of Population Genetics and Genomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
Molecular Population Genetics ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
And Mathematics

A Primer of Population Genetics and Genomics, 4th edition, has been completely revised and updated to provide a concise but comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts of population genetics and genomics. Recent textbooks have tended to focus on such specialized topics as the coalescent, molecular evolution, human population genetics, or genomics. This primer bucks that trend by encouraging a broader familiarity with, and understanding of, population genetics and genomics as a whole. The overview ranges from mating systems through the causes of evolution, molecular population genetics, and the genomics of complex traits. Interwoven are discussions of ancient DNA, gene drive, landscape genetics, identifying risk factors for complex diseases, the genomics of adaptation and speciation, and other active areas of research. The principles are illuminated by numerous examples from a wide variety of animals, plants, microbes, and human populations. The approach also emphasizes learning by doing, which in this case means solving numerical or conceptual problems. The rationale behind this is that the use of concepts in problem-solving lead to deeper understanding and longer knowledge retention. This accessible, introductory textbook is aimed principally at students of various levels and abilities (from senior undergraduate to postgraduate) as well as practising scientists in the fields of population genetics, ecology, evolutionary biology, computational biology, bioinformatics, biostatistics, physics, and mathematics.

scholarly journals Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Follett ◽  
Fay E M Haynes ◽  
Bernard C Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.

scholarly journals Insights in genetic diversity of German and Italian grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella) populations using novel microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Reineke ◽  
Alberto Pozzebon ◽  
Olivia Herczynski ◽  
Carlo Duso
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Eupoecilia Ambiguella ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest

AbstractThe grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is causing significant damage to grape berries, however, little is known on population genetics of this lepidopteran pest insect, hindered so far by the lack of suitable molecular markers. Here we report on the development of ten microsatellite markers of which six were used to characterise 21 E. ambiguella populations obtained from two viticultural regions in Germany and Italy. Moths were sampled during two subsequent generations (flights) in the same vineyard as well as in vineyards surrounded by different landscape types. German and Italian populations were genetically differentiated and a significant isolation by distance was evident. No significant divergence was observed among the populations from first or second flight moths, however, inbreeding was higher in first than in second flight populations. Moreover, inbreeding was influenced by habitat composition and complexity of landscape around vineyards, being positively associated with the percentage of area covered by grapevine. Population genetics of E. ambiguella could thus be affected by the presence of alternative host plants in viticultural landscapes, which is important in the light of both insecticide resistance management and sustainable pest management.

Non-host status of papaya cultivars to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to the degree of fruit ripeness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Cugala ◽  
João Jone Jordane ◽  
Sunday Ekesi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Ripening Stages

AbstractPhytosanitary measures are a major barrier to trade in papaya. We assessed the infestation of tephritid fruit flies on different stages of maturity of papaya, to determine its non-host stage of maturity, for market access. Papaya fruits were collected from Kilifi and Embu counties, Kenya from March 2013 to December 2014, to assess the level of infestation by fruit flies according to the degree of fruit ripening. In all locations, no fruit fly infestation was recorded on papaya when fruits were at the 0, 25 and 50% yellow fruit ripening stage.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) was, however, observed attacking fruits when papaya fruits were at 75 and 100% all yellow (fully ripe fruit ripening stage) with infestations of 0.19−0.51B. dorsalis/kg fruit and 0.24−1.24B. dorsalis/kg fruit, respectively, in all locations. Field cage exposure ofB. dorsalisto fruits of five papaya cultivars—‘Papino’, ‘Neo Essence’, ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Tainung No. 1’ and ‘Tainung No. 2’ in Manica Province, Mozambique—showed thatB. dorsalisdid not infest fruits at 0, 25 and 50% yellow ripening stages at the densities of 50 and 100 flies per cage. However, at 75% yellow ripening stage, up to 13.1 pupae/kg of fruits was recorded at a density of 150 flies per cage in Tainung No. 1, and infestation ranged from 4.5 to 136 pupae/kg fruits at 100% yellow ripening stage across all the cultivars and infestation densities. Laboratory evaluation of volatiles emanating from freshly crushed papaya pulp of four cultivars: ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Red Lady’, ‘Papayi’ and ‘Apoyo’ on egg viability ofB. dorsalisshowed that at 0, 25 and 50% yellow, egg hatchability was inhibited, suggesting that semiochemical compounds present in green tissues of papaya prevent egg development, although this effect was variable across the four cultivars and ripening stages. Export papaya is harvested at less than 40% yellow ripening stage. Our results, therefore, suggest that quarantine treatment for fruits at this ripening stage is inconsequential, asB. dorsalisdoes not infest papaya fruits at this stage; thus, authorities should permit entry of these papaya cultivars of less than 40% yellow ripening stage to quarantine-sensitive markets.

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