PERKEMBANGAN PRADEWASA DAN LAMA HIDUP IMAGO Psyttalia sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), PARASITOID LARVA LALAT BUAH Bactrocera dorsalis HEND (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Immature Development

The objective of the research were to investigate level parasitization, immature development period, longevity of adult parasitoids, along with number of progeny and parasitoid sex of Psyttalia sp. attacking larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis. This experiment was conducted in Laboratory of Entomology, Department Plant Pest and Diseases Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University from March to September 2007. The result showed that the average level of parasitization of Psyttalia sp. reached 24.24%. The highest one was 30% and the lowest was 16.7%. The immature development period of Psyttalia sp. ranged from 24-31 days with average 27.5 days. Longevity of imago parasitoids which stored at 5 0C was 14.1 days. In the research, the progeny of parasitoids which produced was females with percentage of females reached 59.99% and percentage of males reached 39.99%.Keywords: fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis, parasitoid, Psyttalia sp.

scholarly journals Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Follett ◽  
Fay E M Haynes ◽  
Bernard C Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.

Non-host status of papaya cultivars to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to the degree of fruit ripeness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Cugala ◽  
João Jone Jordane ◽  
Sunday Ekesi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Ripening Stages

AbstractPhytosanitary measures are a major barrier to trade in papaya. We assessed the infestation of tephritid fruit flies on different stages of maturity of papaya, to determine its non-host stage of maturity, for market access. Papaya fruits were collected from Kilifi and Embu counties, Kenya from March 2013 to December 2014, to assess the level of infestation by fruit flies according to the degree of fruit ripening. In all locations, no fruit fly infestation was recorded on papaya when fruits were at the 0, 25 and 50% yellow fruit ripening stage.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) was, however, observed attacking fruits when papaya fruits were at 75 and 100% all yellow (fully ripe fruit ripening stage) with infestations of 0.19−0.51B. dorsalis/kg fruit and 0.24−1.24B. dorsalis/kg fruit, respectively, in all locations. Field cage exposure ofB. dorsalisto fruits of five papaya cultivars—‘Papino’, ‘Neo Essence’, ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Tainung No. 1’ and ‘Tainung No. 2’ in Manica Province, Mozambique—showed thatB. dorsalisdid not infest fruits at 0, 25 and 50% yellow ripening stages at the densities of 50 and 100 flies per cage. However, at 75% yellow ripening stage, up to 13.1 pupae/kg of fruits was recorded at a density of 150 flies per cage in Tainung No. 1, and infestation ranged from 4.5 to 136 pupae/kg fruits at 100% yellow ripening stage across all the cultivars and infestation densities. Laboratory evaluation of volatiles emanating from freshly crushed papaya pulp of four cultivars: ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Red Lady’, ‘Papayi’ and ‘Apoyo’ on egg viability ofB. dorsalisshowed that at 0, 25 and 50% yellow, egg hatchability was inhibited, suggesting that semiochemical compounds present in green tissues of papaya prevent egg development, although this effect was variable across the four cultivars and ripening stages. Export papaya is harvested at less than 40% yellow ripening stage. Our results, therefore, suggest that quarantine treatment for fruits at this ripening stage is inconsequential, asB. dorsalisdoes not infest papaya fruits at this stage; thus, authorities should permit entry of these papaya cultivars of less than 40% yellow ripening stage to quarantine-sensitive markets.

Diversity of the cultivable gut bacterial communities associated with the fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi R. Gujjar ◽  
Selvakumar Govindan ◽  
Abraham Verghese ◽  
Sudhagar Subramaniam ◽  
Ravi More
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF FRUIT FLIES POPULATIONS IN TWO MANGO PRODUCTION ZONES (KORHOGO AND FERKÉ) IN NORTHERN CÔTE D’IVOIRE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Minhibo Magloire Yves ◽  
Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moïse ◽  
Coulibaly Tenon ◽  
Koua K Hervé ◽  
Coulibaly Adama
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Study Sites

Fruit flies are a major constraint to the production and export of mangoes by causing the rot of mangoes. The objective of this work is to follow the fluctuation of population of flies in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire between May 2015 and October 2016. A network of trapping flies using food baits (the Torula and Ceratrap) and sexual attractants (Methyl Eugenol and Trimedlure) were set up in Korhogo and Ferké mango orchards with the forest Diabaté Kamonon and the forest Petit Clerc as reference area. During trapping, 11 species of fruit flies were identified at all study sites. Among these species, Bactrocera dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra, were the most abundant in the area. In general, diversity indices were low. The Ferké’s Forest has the highest Shannon index (H = 1.20). This index was higher than the index found in Ferke's orchards (0.9398). At Korhogo the Shannon index in orchards (H = 0.84) is higher than in the forest (H = 0.41). It has been observed that the genus Bactrocera swarmed on mango orchards when precipitation was plentiful. While the genus Cerartitis only appeared when precipitation was low. In addition, knowledge of the ecology and fluctuation of fruit flies, will allow to develop a site monitoring device through a trapping system with sexual and food attractants.

Field response of three Tephritid fruit flies to three food-based attractants and suppression of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) using Mazoferm–Spinosad in guava ecosystem in Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed E. E. Mahmoud ◽  
Mohammed ◽  
Fathya M. Khamis and ◽  
Sunday Ekesi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Torula Yeast ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Male Annihilation ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera are the most damaging pests of horticultural crops, leading to severe economic losses hindered exportation. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) were reported in Sudan in 2005 and 2011 respectively affecting most of the fruits and vegetables in Sudan threatening income of poor farmers. Only Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) is applied in Sudan to manage the two Bactrocera species. A filed experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of B. dorsalis, B. zonata and Zeugodacus cucurbitae to three food-based attractants using McPhail traps in two sites in Gezira state, Sudan. Also, other trial was undertaken to determine the effect of spray of Mazoferm and Spinosad combination to control B. zonata. The results showed that food-based attractants lured both sexes of the above mentioned fruit flies and females represented (55-86%). At the first site, B. zonata responded in high numbers to Mazoferm followed by Torula yeast and GF-120 respectively while it responded equally to the Mazoferm and Torula yeast in the second site. B. dorsalis responded positively to Mazoferm followed by Torula yeast and GF-120 while Z. cucurbitae was attracted to Mazoferm, GF-120 and Torula for each attractant respectively. Spray of Mazoferm combined with Spinosad significantly reduced population of B. zonata (FTD) population and suppressed infestation level of guava fruits (fruit flies/Kg of fruits) when compared to unsprayed orchard. Bait Application Technique is an environmentally friendly approach that reduces infestation levels, lessen contamination and safeguard produce.

Distribution and Abundance of Female Oriental Fruit Flies Near Methyl Eugenol-Baited Traps

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Cornelius ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Russell H. Messing
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Sexually Mature

Methyl eugenol is an extremely effective attractant for male oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Field experiments were conducted in a commercial guava orchard to determine whether the presence of methyl eugenol-baited traps affected the distribution and abundance of female oriental fruit flies near the traps. Captures of females on spheres did not increase within the vicinity of methyl eugenol-baited traps. Captures of males were significantly greater on spheres hung in trees containing methyl eugenol-baited traps than on spheres hung in other trees. An experiment was conducted to determine if methyl eugenol would influence the dispersal of unmated, sexually mature female oriental fruit flies. There were no significant differences in the numbers of marked or wild females captured on traps at different distances from the methyl eugenol lure. This study did not find any evidence that the presence of methyl eugenol-baited traps in orchards would affect female abundance in the vicinity of traps.

scholarly journals Oviposition Preference of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Different Fruit in Snake Fruit Orchard

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Rahmi Fitrah ◽  
Deni Pranowo ◽  
Suputa Suputa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Star Fruit ◽  
Fruit Orchard

The oriental fruit fly Bactocera dorsalis (Hendel) is an important pest of snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) in Sleman District. Due to the high level of damage by the fruit flies, it is necessary to do. The aim of this research was to find out suitable fruit traps, by testing the oviposition preferences of the fruit flies in the orchard to lay eggs on several types of fruit. The research was done in snake fruit orchard located at Sleman Yogyakarta and owned by farmers, while the Lab works were done at the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. All researches were done between April-June 2019. Guava (Psidium guajava), watery rose apples (Syzygium aqueum), starfruit (Averrhoa carambolae), and snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) were used as trap crops. Each fruit, with the same maturity level, was hung 1.5 m above the ground for 4 days with 12 days total trapping at intervals of 3 times. After the test, each fruit was taken and the insects in it were reared in the laboratory. The number of pupae and flies that emerged from each fruit was counted and compared. The results showed that in the orchard 1 as well as  2, of guava fruit produced the highest number of (151 pupae) followed by salak (94 pupae), star fruit (83 pupae), and water guava (2 pupae). The finding of seeds shows that guava fruit is the most suitable host for the fruit flies to be used in the trapping, followed by star fruit and watery guava.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Selected Parapheromones for Mass Trapping of Mango Fruit Fly, Ceratitis cosyra Walker and Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Mango

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
C. Ebi
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Male Annihilation ◽  
Ceratitis Cosyra

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in Nigeria. It is a source of essential vitamins and is also cultivated for its nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses. Fruit flies infest various commercial fruit crops and cause economic damage. Mass trapping and male annihilation technique (MAT) has been the most useful and common means of controlling fruit flies with special focus on Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mangoes. The study evaluated the effectiveness of four types of parapheromones namely, methyl eugenol (liquid and solid forms), cuelure, terpinyl acetate and trimedlure for mass trapping of fruit flies on Mango. Modified Lynfield traps containing the parapheromones were randomly set on the mango orchards in three replicates in Nigeria Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) orchard, Okigwe, Imo state, Southeast Nigeria. This study was conducted during the mango fruiting period of 2019 season, when the density of fruit flies peaked. Effect of parapheromones on mean number of damaged dropped fruits was also evaluated. The mean population of B. dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra was significantly higher (P>0.05) in liquid methyl eugenol traps when compared to other parapheromones. Bactrocera dorsalis recorded more than 90% of the fruit flies that were trapped especially in the first 3 weeks of trapping. In orchard I, Liquid methyl eugenol significantly (P<0.05) trapped highest number of B. dorsalis (270.20) in week I and similar trends were observed in orchard II. There was steady decline in damaged dropped mango fruits as the study progressed (Fig. 1 and 2). Use of liquid methyl eugenol was most effective in trapping B. dorsalis and C. cosyra, and it can be incorporated in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes for the control of fruit flies.

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