Access to Scientific Knowledge: A Historical Perspective

Testing the Limits of Science

10.1093/oso/9780190130640.003.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 114-130

Author(s):

Madeleine Pape

Keyword(s):

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Historical Review ◽

Global South ◽

Critical Essay ◽

Participation Of Women ◽

Scientific Debates

Madeleine Pape’s critical essay puts the issue of gender eligibility regulations in Olympic sports in historical perspective and examines the scientific debates around gender verification pointing to its formation and continued grounding in the racialized colonial gaze. A historical review of the field of athletics illuminates the deeply subjective nature of the production of scientific knowledge and its application in the verification of gender. Further, discriminatory role of sport governing bodies in perpetuating masculinist and racialized ideologies in insisting on scrutiny in the participation of women, inspection of their ‘unfeminine’ bodies, to invasive gender tests of ‘suspicious’ cases, continues unabated, especially of the global South.

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Science of Translation Today: Change of Scientific Paradigm

Meta Journal des traducteurs ◽

10.7202/1012740ar ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 48-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikolay Garbovskiy ◽

Olga Kostikova

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

Present State ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Translation Studies ◽

Academic Community ◽

Russian Science ◽

Scientific Paradigms ◽

The World ◽

History Of

The present article is devoted to analyzing the present state of the Russian science of translation and its historical perspective. The rationale behind this article is the fact that in Russian academic community there is a persisting viewpoint that research in translation studies is an auxiliary and applied area of linguistics and that science of translation does not exist at all because it is diluted in pluridisciplinary continuum and, which is essential, does not have scientific paradigms. We will attempt to understand whether this opinion is true, and in order to do it we will examine history of scientific knowledge about translation activity and analyze the present state of the discipline that is known at present as “science of translation” in Russia. Thus, the article addresses two intertwined tasks: to prove that Russian theory of translation has scientific paradigms and to characterize research in translation studies in Russia in historical perspective and demonstrate its close interrelation with science of translation in the world.

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The Influences upon the Management of Mental Health Services this Century

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/030802268905200108 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 21-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Diana M Lockie

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

North America ◽

Health Services ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Therapeutic Intervention ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Delivery Of Care

This article reviews, from a historical perspective, the sociological, economic and policy changes that have influenced the delivery of care to long-term mentally ill people this century. It takes account of developments in Europe and North America, including advances in scientific knowledge which have allowed new therapeutic intervention to be pursued.

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Methodological research of T.A. Guriev in ossetian studies

Kavkaz-forum ◽

10.46698/vnc.2021.12.5.001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Р.Я. Фидарова

Keyword(s):

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Scientific Theory ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Objective World ◽

Historical Method ◽

Methodological Research ◽

Moral Space ◽

The People ◽

Heterogeneous Objects ◽

Different Levels

Профессор Т.А. Гуриев – один из немногих ученых-осетиноведов, сумевших сформировать стройную, целостную концепцию осетинской духовной и художественной культуры, свою собственную научную картину национального мира. Ученый поставил целью исследовать содержательные формы взаимодействия осетин и их предков с объективным миром в исторической перспективе; взаимодействия, при котором выявляются многогранные аспекты этно-национального духовно-нравственного космоса, культурно-философского кода народа, во-первых. Во-вторых, в процессе традиционного осмысления и познания объекта своего изучения профессор умело и творчески использует уже устоявшиеся, апробированные правила, нормативы, принципы познания, которые помогают ему решить свои творческие задачи. При этом Т.А. Гуриев стремится выстроить в своих исследованиях структуру созидаемого научного знания таким образом, чтобы установить преемственную линию связи с уже существующей научной теорией. Активно используя сравнительно-исторический метод, Т.А. Гуриев стремится выявить общее и особенное в скифо-сарматско-алано-осетинском мире, достичь глубокого познания различных исторических этапов данных объектов, выяснить и сопоставить разные уровни в их эволюции, тенденции становления и развития. Прибегая к сравнительно-сопоставительному методу, ученый пытается проанализировать природу и своеобразие разнородных объектов. А сравнительно-типологический метод позволяет ему объяснить сходство явлений, которые не связаны по генетике. Творчески использует профессор такие философские категории, как историческое и логическое. Причем с помощью исторического ученый прослеживает процесс становления и развития скифо-сармато-алано-осетинского мира, а с помощью логического – его развитие в системе важнейших связей и отношений. Professor T.A. Guriev is one of the few Ossetian scholars who have managed to form a coherent, integral concept of the Ossetian spiritual and artistic culture, his own scientific picture of the national world. The scientist set a goal to investigate the meaningful forms of interaction of Ossetians and their ancestors with the objective world in a historical perspective; interaction, which reveals the multifaceted aspects of the ethno-national spiritual and moral space, the cultural and philosophical code of the people, firstly. Secondly, in the process of traditional comprehension and cognition of the object of his study, the professor skillfully and creatively uses already established, approved rules, standards, principles of cognition that help him to solve his creative problems. At the same time, T.A. Guriev seeks to build in his research the structure of the scientific knowledge being created in such a way as to establish a successive line of communication with the already existing scientific theory. Actively using the comparative-historical method, T.A. Guriev seeks to identify typicality and specificity in the Scythian-Sarmatian-Alanian-Ossetian world, to achieve deep knowledge of the various historical stages, to find out and compare different levels in their evolution, tendencies of formation and development. Using the comparative-contrastive method, the scientist tries to analyze the nature and originality of heterogeneous objects. And the comparative-typological method allows him to explain the similarity of phenomena that are not related in genetics. The scientist creatively uses such philosophical categories as historical and logical. Moreover, with the help of the historical category the scientis reconstructs the process of the formation and development of the Scythian-Sarmatian-Alanoian-Ossetian world, and with the help of the logical categpry analyses its development in the system of the most important connections and relations.

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