scholarly journals Science of Translation Today: Change of Scientific Paradigm

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Garbovskiy ◽  
Olga Kostikova
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Present State ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The present article is devoted to analyzing the present state of the Russian science of translation and its historical perspective. The rationale behind this article is the fact that in Russian academic community there is a persisting viewpoint that research in translation studies is an auxiliary and applied area of linguistics and that science of translation does not exist at all because it is diluted in pluridisciplinary continuum and, which is essential, does not have scientific paradigms. We will attempt to understand whether this opinion is true, and in order to do it we will examine history of scientific knowledge about translation activity and analyze the present state of the discipline that is known at present as “science of translation” in Russia. Thus, the article addresses two intertwined tasks: to prove that Russian theory of translation has scientific paradigms and to characterize research in translation studies in Russia in historical perspective and demonstrate its close interrelation with science of translation in the world.

IDIOMS WITH A FLORAL COMPONENT AND DIFFICULTIES OF THEIR TRANSLATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Kamola Alimova
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This article is devoted to the study of English idioms with flora component, their meaning and use in speech. The aim of the work is to define the concept of "idioms", the history of idioms with the component of flora, centuries-old human observations of the world of flora and the attitude of people to this area of reality. The article also reveals the peculiarities of English idioms with flora component important for translation and considers the problem of adequacy and equivalence in translation, as well as the ways of translation of English idioms into Uzbek. The present article is devoted to investigation of idioms with the component of the flora, their importance and use in speech. The aim of the work is to define the concept of "idiom". The history of occurrence of idioms with flora component is considered. Identify the features of idioms that are important for translation and methods of translation of English idiom with the component flora. Ушбу мақола флора компонентига эга бўлган инглиз идиомаларининг мазмуни ва уларни нутқдаги аҳамиятини ўрганишга бағишланган. Мақоланиниг мақсади флора компонентига эга бўлган инглиз идомаларининг моҳияти ва келиб чиқиш тарихини ўрганиш ва флора дунёсининг кўп асрлик инсон томонида кузатилиши ва унга муносабатини кўриб чиқишдан иборат. Шунингдек, мақолада флора компонентига эга бўлган инглиз идиомаларининг ўзбек тилига таржима қилиш жараёнидаги муҳим жиҳатлари, айниқса, таржимада адекватлик ва эквалентлик муаммоси ҳамда таржима қилиш усуллари кўриб чиқилган. Cтатья посвящена изучению английских идиом с компонентом флора, их значению и употреблению в речи. Целью работы является определение понятия идиома, история идиом с компонентом флора, многовековые наблюдения человека за миром флоры и отношение людей к этой области действительности. В статье также раскрываются особенности перевода английских идиом с компонентом флора, рассматривается проблема адекватности и эквивалентности в переводе и способы перевода английских идиом на узбекский язык.

Epistemic media and critical knowledge about the self: Thinking about algorithms with Habermas

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110441
Author(s):  
Eran Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This article explores the ontology of personal knowledge that algorithms on digital media create by locating it on two axes: historical and theoretical. Digital platforms continue a long history of epistemic media—media forms and practices, which not only communicate knowledge, but also create knowledge. As epistemic media allowed a new way to know the world, they also facilitated a new way of knowing the self. This historical perspective also underscores a key difference of digital platforms from previous epistemic media: their exclusion of self-reflection from the creation of knowledge about the self. To evaluate the ramifications of that omission, I use Habermas’s theory of knowledge, which distinguishes critical knowledge from other types of knowledge, and sees it as corresponding with a human interest in emancipation. Critical knowledge about the self, as exemplified by psychoanalysis, must involve self-reflection. As the self gains critical knowledge, deciphering the conditions under which positivist and hermeneutic knowledges are valid, it is also able to transform them and expand its realm of freedom, or subjectivity. As digital media subverts this process by demoting self-reflection, it also undermines subjectivity.

scholarly journals Ironia i nihilizm. Figura bibliotekarza w Posłuchaniu u Lucypera Józefa Sękowskiego

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Jarosław Ławski
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The subject matter of the present article is the image of library and librarian in a forgotten short story by a Polish-Russian writer Józef Julian Sękowski (1800−1858). Sękowski is known in Polish literature as a multi-talented orientalist and polyglot, who changed his national identity in 1832 and began to write only in Russian. In the history of Russian literature he is famous for Library for Reading and Fantastic Voyages of Baron Brambeus, an ironic-grotesque work, which was precursory in Russian prose. Until 1832 Sękowski was, however, a Polish writer. His last significant work was An Audience with Lucypher published in a Polish magazine Bałamut Petersburski (Petersburgian Philanderer) in 1832 and immediately translated into Russian by Sękowski himself under the title Bolszoj wychod u Satany (1833). The library and librarian presented by the author in this piece are a caricature illustration proving his nihilistic worldview. Sękowski is a master of irony and grotesquery, yet the world he creates is deprived of freedom and justice and a book in this world is merely a threat to absolute power.

HISTÓRIA, PATRIMá”NIO E MEMÓRIA SENSáVEL: o Cais do Valongo no Rio de Janeiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The City

O artigo trata sobre aspectos que definem a importá¢ncia do sá­tio histórico e arqueológico Cais do Valongo, situado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, para a história da escravização de africanos e seus descendentes nas Américas e, em especial, no Brasil. Além de ressaltar a relevá¢ncia desse bem, reconhecido em 2017 como Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO, também aborda o seu significado como sá­tio histórico de memória sensá­vel e lugar de memória do tráfico atlá¢ntico de africanos escravizados. Ao longo do texto, são abordadas ideias-chave, tais como passados sensá­veis, violência, dor e sofrimento em perspectiva histórica, indicando possibilidades de comparação com outros espaços no mundo, considerando tragédias humanas e conceitos utilizados nos estudos sobre esses processos. Finalmente, o texto analisa elementos em torno da história da região do Cais do Valongo como espaço de resistência e de afirmação das populações negras.Palavras-chave: Cais do Valongo. História da Escravidão. Passados Sensá­veis. Patrimônio Mundial. História dos africanos no Brasil.HISTORY, PATRIMONY AND SENSITIVE MEMORY:  the Pier of Valongo in Rio de JaneiroAbstract: The article deals with aspects that define the importance of the historical and archaelogical site of Valongo Wharf, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, for the history of enslavement of Africans and their descendants in the Americas and especially in Brazil. In addition to highlighting the relevance of this property, recognized in 2017 as a Worl Heritage Site by UNESCO, it also addresses its significance as a historical site of sensitive memory and a place of memory for the Atlantic traffic of enslaved Africans. Throughout the text, key ideas such as sensitive past, violence, pain and suffering are discussed in historical perspective, which indicates possibilities of comparison with other spaces in the world, considering human tragedies and concepts used in the studies on these processes. Finally, the text analyzes other elements around the history of the Valongo Wharf region as space of resistance and affirmation of the black populations.Keywords: Valongo Wharf. History of Slavery. Sensitive Pasts. World Heritage. History of Africans in Brazil.HISTORIA, PATRIMONIO Y MEMORIA SENSIBLE:  el Cais do Valongo en Rá­o de JaneiroResumen: El artá­culo trata sobre aspectos que definen la importancia del sitio histórico y arqueológico Cais do Valongo, situado en la ciudad de Rá­o de Janeiro, para la historia de la esclavización de africanos y sus descendientes en las Américas y, en especial, en Brasil. Además de resaltar la relevancia de ese bien, reconocido en 2017 como Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO, también aborda su significado como sitio histórico de memoria sensible y lugar de memoria de la trata atlántica de africanos esclavizados. A lo largo del texto, se abordan ideas clave, tales como pasados sensibles, violencia, dolor y sufrimiento en perspectiva histórica, indicando posibilidades de comparación con otros espacios en el mundo y considerando tragedias humanas y conceptos utilizados en los estudios sobre esos procesos. Finalmente, el texto analiza elementos en torno a la historia de la región del Cais do Valongo como espacio de resistencia y de afirmación de las poblaciones negras.Palabras clave:  Muelle de Valongo. Historia de la Esclavitud. Pasados Sensibles. Patrimonio Mundial. Historia de los africanos en Brasil.

Agrarian Reform in Historical Perspective a Comparative Study

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias H. Tuma
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost Continuous

The history of agrarian reform is as long as the history of the world, extending back into medieval, ancient, and biblical times. Like many other socio-economic and political movements, agrarian reform movements have been sporadic and discontinuous, although the last two centuries have witnessed almost continuous reform attempts commencing with the French Revolution. These attempts have become very common during the last two decades and have become part and parcel of United Nations programs. Though the literature on reform is extensive, there has been no endeavor to review reform movements in a historical perspective, or to synthesize the knowledge that can be derived therefrom and utilize it in guiding or evaluating reform. The need for this cannot be overestimated.

The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985—Past Decisions, Present Danger: An Historical Perspective on Ecology and Earthquakes in Mexico City

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tobriner
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mexico Earthquake

Why is one of the most populous cities in the world built on land which has a history of subsidence, seismicity, and flooding? Mexico City illustrates how early decisions in a city's history can create difficult conditions for building well and living safely. The Aztecs had little choice but to live on the muddy islands in Lake Texcoco which now lie beneath downtown Mexico City. But the Spanish did have a choice. By selecting the island capital of Tenochtitlan for their colonial capital they bequeathed to succeeding generations problems which were apparent to them almost immediately after they began construction. Their solution to the hydraulic problems of the site only exacerbated ecological and seismic problems which the inhabitants of Mexico City face today, and destroyed the reason the first settlers inhabited the Valley of Mexico.

scholarly journals The View of Professor O.A. Zhidkov on Legal Systems and Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Marina V. Nemytina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Universal History ◽  
Societal Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frame Work

The present article addressees the doctrine on legal systems and families within the frame work of the Universal History of State and Law. The writings of Oleg Andreevich Zhidkov (1931–2005), a recognized leader in this domain of scientific knowledge, are explored. The methodological scheme of legal systems and families helps in understanding ways of societal development of countries and peoples.

scholarly journals Um bispo no Concílio Vaticano II. Dom Geraldo de Proença Sigaud e o Coetus Internationalis Patrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (282) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Coppe Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

O antigo arcebispo de Diamantina, Dom Geraldo de Proença Sigaud (1909-1999), foi uma importante e controversa figura histórica da Igreja brasileira contemporânea. De fato, Sigaud teve um papel marcante nas polêmicas que permeavam a Igreja dos anos 1930 até 1980. Além do mais, o arcebispo foi um dos mais importantes agentes catalisadores da minoria no Concílio Vaticano II (1962- 1965), congregando em torno de si bispos de tendências conservadoras de todo o mundo a fim de bloquear os impulsos de reforma que vinham se estabelecendo desde o primeiro período conciliar. Dessa forma, a partir de um olhar histórico, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a atuação de D. Sigaud no Vaticano II, suas relações com a TFP (Associação para a Defesa da Tradição, Família e Propriedade) na ocasião do Concílio e demonstrar alguns momentos da atuação do Coetus Internationalis Patrum, grupo que funda com outros bispos a fim de organizar a minoria conciliar e influenciar as determinações finais do concílio.Abstract: The late Archbishop of Diamantina, Don Geraldo de Proença Sigaud (1909-1999) was an important and controversial historical figure in the contemporary Brazilian Church. Indeed, Sigaud played a remarkable role in the polemical issues that pervaded the Church from the 1930s until 1980. Moreover, the Archbishop was one of the most important catalytic agents of the minority in the Vatican II Council (1962-1965), congregating around himself bishops with conservative tendency from all over the world in order to block the reform impetuses that were establishing themselves from the earliest conciliar period. Thus, from a historical perspective, the present article aims at presenting D. Sigaud’s actions at the Vatican II, his relations with the TFP (Association for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property) at the time of the Council and to show some moments in the acting of the Coetus Internationalis Patrum, a group that Sigaud founded with other bishops in order to organize the Council’s minority and influence its final decisions.

scholarly journals TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN ILMU-ILMU USHULUDDIN MENYONSONG PERUBAHAN IAIN AR-RANIRY MENJADI UIN

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Theology Faculty

<p>Theology faculty as the vessel of developing basic Islamic studies that has an important position among the other faculties. The experience of changing institution to be university shown that theology faculty “desert” of applicants. Therefore, readiness and progress of Islamic Theology faculty under the State Islamic University (UIN) of course determine the future history of Islamic Theology.This struggle would be faced with all the seriousness of the academic community. Establishing the Faculty of Islamic Theology in the new form to be a demand. On the other hand, the academic communities of Islamic Theology Faculty are required to initiate a new paradigm in the world of work.</p>

scholarly journals Historical perspective and initial conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
World Population ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Outcomes

This chapter provides a historical perspective on Asia in the world economy with a focus on the colonial era, and sketches a profile of the prevalent initial conditions when Asian countries became independent. Two centuries ago, Asia accounted for two-thirds of world population and almost three-fifths of world income. Its decline and fall during the colonial era, associated with deindustrialization, was attributable to its integration with the world economy, through trade and investment, driven by imperialism. Fifty years ago, then, Asia was the poorest continent in the world. Its even worse demographic and social indicators of development epitomized its underdevelopment. Such initial conditions were the starting point in its journey to development. But most Asian countries did have a long history of well-structured states, and cultures, which were not entirely destroyed by colonialism. Their different pasts, embedded in histories albeit shaped by colonial legacies, also influenced future outcomes in development.

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