The role of analogy in the verbalization of the realities of the objective world

Background. Being in a certain language environment, a person accumulates language resources, correlates them with the realities of objective reality on a subconscious level, as well as with the communicative intention and being used analogy, models the nominative unit. The appearance of the new name is based on the so-called “finished material”, that is the word-forming means and word-forming models which are available in the language.Purpose. To describe the role of analogy in the creation of derived nominative units in language and speech against the background of modern trends of verbalization of the realities of the surrounding actuality.Methods. The abstraction and descriptive-analytical methods were used to study the role of analogy in the verbalization of the realities of actuality.Results. The use of analogies is influenced by various factors: usually when the nominators use language actively to create according to a known wordforming model a name for a new concept or to offer an expressive name to an existent name of a known reality in a particular speech situation. Sometimes the analogy is used due to lack of speech experience to fill the nominative gap in a certain communicative situation.Depending on the nominative intention of the speaker and the corresponding models-samples it is possible to define kinds of applicable analogies: proper-nominative, associative, expressive, situational-compensatory, situational-correlative, nominative-adaptive.Discussion. The analogy often accompanies the process of verbalization of the realities of objective actuality, makes it simpler, systematizes, unifies the nominative resource of the modern Ukrainian language. The perspective of the research is to identify the most productive sample structures, according to which the nominative process takes place in different onomasiological categories.

The Spatial Cognitive Meaning of Across

Spatial relation is a basic existent relation in the objective world, and in English, prepositions are the important spatial terms to describe spatial relations people perceive. Using Langacker’s trajector-landmark theory from cognitive grammar, this paper attempts to analyze the cognitive process of the six main spatial meaning of English preposition across based on the entries collected by the Collins Dictionary, with data from the the Leeds Collection of Internet Corpora. The findings can be concluded: (1) The use of across should include at least a tr and a lm, and the lm cannot be covert. (2) The spatial relations across contains could be divided into simple atemporal relation and complex atemporal relation. (3) The tr in some dynamic relation of across sometimes will represent some kind of schema, such as source-path-goal schema.

The evolution of philosophical views of R. M. Rilkein the context of his literary works of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries

The works of Rainer Maria Rilke, one of the most influential modernist poets of the XX century does not lose its relevance and continues to draw interest of the researchers. The goal of this work is to trace the evolution of philosophical views of R. M. Rilke in the context of his literary works of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. The research employs hermeneutical approach for interpretation of the texts of R. M. Rilke through the prism of socio-historical conditions of that time. Systematization and generalization of the acquired data allowed assessing the formation and significance of philosophical and aesthetic views of R. M. Rilke, as well as contradictions therein. Rilke did not adhere to any philosophical systems; however, his works reflect the philosophical-worldview principles and patterns of the era, first and foremost, the symbolic aesthetics, philosophy of life, and metaphysics of art of Nietzsche. The philosophical views of R. M. Rilke in the works of his early period developed in pursuit of the unique, and in many ways, subjective attitude towards life. The conducted analysis demonstrates the process of philosophical reorientation from the subject-centered recognition of the great creator towards the objective world of things. In the lecture on Maurice Maeterlinck (1902), Rilke clearly expresses the ideas on the function of art, tasks and capabilities of an artist. After getting familiar with the work of A. Rodin, Rilke turns to the “poem-thing” genre, when the concept of thing encompasses the entire universe. The establishment of transcendental-poetic unity between the subject and the world is one of paramount philosophical ideas in the works of R. M. Rilke. The artist, objectively depicting the “thingness” of the world, is an intermediary between God and the divine spark in its interaction with the real world and man, correlates times and spaces and preserves the eternal values, which comprise the basis of the cultural code of each nation.

ANALISIS RELEVANSI TEORI ILMU DAN KEPENTINGAN JURGEN HABERMAS DENGAN KAJIAN AL-QUR’AN

This paper discusses the thoughts of a modern philosopher named Jurgen Habermas, a German philosopher. Philosophy itself has developed in such a way. This development cannot be separated from the criticism of thought and theory offered by previous philosophers. As a result, it cannot be denied that with these criticisms, scientific development seems to be more extensive and comprehensive. Habermas himself, who is one of the leading philosophers of this century, cannot be separated from the intellectual world of criticism. One of his criticisms is that aimed at modern positivism in social science, which he calls knowledge and human interest (the relationship between science and interests). From the theory he offered, it can then be relevant to the study of the Qur'an today. The relevance of Habermas's theory of the relationship between science and interests and the study of the Qur'an is that the Qur'an (mushaf and text) is positioned in an objective world that has technical importance. Meanwhile, the study of the Al-Qur'an which is in the subjective world is the study of one's interpretation. As for the study of Al-Qur'an in the intersubjective world, it is the product of the mazab as a result of the istidlal of the Qur'anic verse which is then followed by its followers. Keywords: Knowledge and Human Interest, Jurgen Habermas, Al-Qur’an. Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas pemikiran salah seorang filosof modern yang bernama Jurgen Habermas, seorang filosof Jerman. Filsafat sendiri mengalami perkembangan yang sedemikian rupa. Perkembangan tersebut tidak lepas dari kritik pemikiran maupun teori yang ditawarkan oleh para filosof terdahulu. Alhasil, tidak dapat dipungkiri dengan adanya kritik-kritik tersebut perkembangan keilmuan dapat dikatakan semakin luas dan komprehensif. Habermas sendiri yang merupakan salah satu tokoh filosof terkemuka pada abad ini, tidak lepas dari dunia intelektual kritik-mengkritik. Salah satu kritikannya adalah yang ditujukan pada positivisme modern dalam ilmu sosial, yang ia sebut sebagai knowledge and human interest (hubungan ilmu dan kepentingan). Dari teori yang ditawarkannya, kemudian dapat direlevansikan dengan kajian Al-Qur’an masa kini. Adapun relevansi antara teori Habermas tentang hubungan ilmu dan kepentingan dengan kajian Al-Qur’an adalah bahwasanya Al-Qur’an (mushaf dan teks) diposisikan pada dunia objektif yang memiliki kepentingan teknis. Sedangkan kajian Al-Qur’an yang berada di dunia subjektif adalah kajian tafsir atau penafsiran seseorang. Adapun kajian Al-Qur’an di dunia intersubjektif adalah produk mazhab hasil dari istidlal ayat Al-Qur’an yang kemudian diikuti oleh pengikutnya. Kata Kunci: Ilmu dan Kepentingan, Jurgen Habermas, Al-Qur’an.

FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF THE NATIONAL ORNAMENT IN MODERN FURNITURE DESIGN: AFRICAN TREND

Politics and marketing and socio-cultural aspects manipulate the evolution of design. The objective world of a person, created by designers, leads to changes in human perception of reality, reflecting social changes. The development of modern design, which is within the rigid framework of globalization, is looking for ways to regenerate the humanistic world, experimenting with ethnocultural identity. Elements of national and traditional art, in particular, ornament, become one of the instruments of the designer, who forms a new aesthetic. Using national and ethnic traditions with the help of images, ornaments, color palettes, and materials, the goal of modern design is to find new ways to meet the new consumer paradigm - creating a unique product that reflects local, personal, and emotional components, thus avoiding the globalization processes

Constructing the Objective World from Subjective Perceptions

Starting from two propositions, 1. The observer is part of reality and 2. Observers are independent of each other, we develop an approach to Hume’s problem of scepticism. We show that despite all knowledge coming through subjective perceptions we can nevertheless construct objective or transitive knowledge through relationships between entities, rather than the entities themselves. We posited that some phenomena of the real world are transitive and some are not. Transitive phenomena are transferable between observers without change and are thus independent of observation. Transitive phenomena are relative quantities. Relative quantities are observational invariants and form the building blocks of our objective world. We show objective knowledge is developed from relative quantities whereas subjective knowledge is rooted in absolute quantities. The recognition that transitive quantities are invariants of observation gives them an independence from which we can construct an objective world.

Methodological research of T.A. Guriev in ossetian studies

Профессор Т.А. Гуриев – один из немногих ученых-осетиноведов, сумевших сформировать стройную, целостную концепцию осетинской духовной и художественной культуры, свою собственную научную картину национального мира. Ученый поставил целью исследовать содержательные формы взаимодействия осетин и их предков с объективным миром в исторической перспективе; взаимодействия, при котором выявляются многогранные аспекты этно-национального духовно-нравственного космоса, культурно-философского кода народа, во-первых. Во-вторых, в процессе традиционного осмысления и познания объекта своего изучения профессор умело и творчески использует уже устоявшиеся, апробированные правила, нормативы, принципы познания, которые помогают ему решить свои творческие задачи. При этом Т.А. Гуриев стремится выстроить в своих исследованиях структуру созидаемого научного знания таким образом, чтобы установить преемственную линию связи с уже существующей научной теорией. Активно используя сравнительно-исторический метод, Т.А. Гуриев стремится выявить общее и особенное в скифо-сарматско-алано-осетинском мире, достичь глубокого познания различных исторических этапов данных объектов, выяснить и сопоставить разные уровни в их эволюции, тенденции становления и развития. Прибегая к сравнительно-сопоставительному методу, ученый пытается проанализировать природу и своеобразие разнородных объектов. А сравнительно-типологический метод позволяет ему объяснить сходство явлений, которые не связаны по генетике. Творчески использует профессор такие философские категории, как историческое и логическое. Причем с помощью исторического ученый прослеживает процесс становления и развития скифо-сармато-алано-осетинского мира, а с помощью логического – его развитие в системе важнейших связей и отношений. Professor T.A. Guriev is one of the few Ossetian scholars who have managed to form a coherent, integral concept of the Ossetian spiritual and artistic culture, his own scientific picture of the national world. The scientist set a goal to investigate the meaningful forms of interaction of Ossetians and their ancestors with the objective world in a historical perspective; interaction, which reveals the multifaceted aspects of the ethno-national spiritual and moral space, the cultural and philosophical code of the people, firstly. Secondly, in the process of traditional comprehension and cognition of the object of his study, the professor skillfully and creatively uses already established, approved rules, standards, principles of cognition that help him to solve his creative problems. At the same time, T.A. Guriev seeks to build in his research the structure of the scientific knowledge being created in such a way as to establish a successive line of communication with the already existing scientific theory. Actively using the comparative-historical method, T.A. Guriev seeks to identify typicality and specificity in the Scythian-Sarmatian-Alanian-Ossetian world, to achieve deep knowledge of the various historical stages, to find out and compare different levels in their evolution, tendencies of formation and development. Using the comparative-contrastive method, the scientist tries to analyze the nature and originality of heterogeneous objects. And the comparative-typological method allows him to explain the similarity of phenomena that are not related in genetics. The scientist creatively uses such philosophical categories as historical and logical. Moreover, with the help of the historical category the scientis reconstructs the process of the formation and development of the Scythian-Sarmatian-Alanoian-Ossetian world, and with the help of the logical categpry analyses its development in the system of the most important connections and relations.