Antipsychotics/Neuroleptics: Course and Duration of Therapy, Withdrawal Symptoms, Resistance to Therapy, Side Effects, and Contraindications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yoshiro Morimoto ◽  
Shinji Kanegae ◽  
Hiroki Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Resistance To Therapy ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Therapy Withdrawal

Alprazolam and Exposure for Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Başoglu ◽  
Isaac M. Marks ◽  
Cengiz Kiliç ◽  
Richard P. Swinson ◽  
Homa Noshirvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Severe Withdrawal ◽  
End Of Treatment

Patients with panic disorder plus agoraphobia had 8 weeks of drug treatment (alprazolam or placebo) plus psychological treatment (exposure or relaxation). At the end of treatment at week 8, 40 patients who had become much/very much improved rated how much their gains were attributable to medication or to their own efforts. During the tapering-off to week 16, and treatment-free follow-up to week 43, patients who at week 8 had attributed their gains to medication and felt less confident in coping without tablets had more severe withdrawal symptoms and greater loss of gains than did patients who at week 8 had attributed their gains to their own efforts during treatment. Baseline illness severity, greater age, higher expectations from drug treatment, and more side-effects of drugs during treatment all predicted more external attributions (i.e. to the effect of drugs) but did not independently predict relapse. Patients on alprazolam compared with placebo had more drug attributions. Though drug attributions predicted relapse in both alprazolam and placebo groups, predictions were stronger in the alprazolam group.

Oestrogen treatment of adolescent tall girls; short term side effects

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S170-S173 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLAV TRYGSTAD
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Tall Girls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ethinyl Oestradiol

Abstract In 1980-1985 680 preadolescent tall girls were treated with pharmacological doses of oestrogen to reduce final height. Indications for the therapy were predicted final height >+2.5 SD (180.75 cm), idiopathic scoliosis, and psychosocial problems. Until 1976 141 girls were given diethyl stilboestrol 5 mg daily. By advice of Prader this was then replaced by ethinyl oestradiol and a progestin was given on days 5-10 each month. The mean duration of therapy was close to 2 years. The observed short-term unwanted effects were due to the pharmacological actions of the drugs, (11 girls had galactorrhoea at the end of therapy; no pituitary prolactionoma was observed) or events happening by chance.

CURRENTLY USED ANTI-TUBERCULAR AGENTS, THEIR ANALOGUES AND RECENTLY DEVELOPED DRUGS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
A Mohammad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of most prevailing diseases, responsible for the morbidity and mortality of a large number of populations worldwide. Traditionally, it has relied on a limited number of drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, ethionamide and pyrazinamide. However, many of these drugs have different disadvantages such as prolonged duration of treatment, host toxicity and ineffectiveness against resistant strains. This has motivated the search of newer drug molecules, capable of rapid mycobactericidal action with shortened duration of therapy, reduced toxicity and enhanced activity against multidrug resistant strains. These observations have been guiding for the currently used and newly developed anti-tubercular agents that possess potent antimicrobial activity and their side effects, activity against multi drug resistant Mycobacterium, and also in patients co-infected with HIV/AIDS.

Withdrawal Reactions Associated with Venlafaxine

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Jenny Blennerhassett
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Severe Withdrawal ◽  
Uptake Inhibitors

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe discontinuation syndromes associated with abrupt and tapered withdrawal of venlafaxine, and to document that withdrawal symptoms may occur after missing a single dose. Clinical picture: We report on two patients prescribed venlafaxine. One developed a broad range of serious side effects after reaching a dose of 300 mg a day, and a severe withdrawal syndrome (including hallucinations) during a slow taper regime. The second had severe discontinuation symptoms during and aborting a slow taper regime, and described withdrawal responses after missing a single dose of venlafaxine. Conclusions: As for the short-acting selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, severe discontinuation reactions may occur with venlafaxine, seemingly marked most distinctly by headache, nausea, fatigue, dizziness and dysphoria, and may make cessation of the drug extremely difficult. Two strategies for addressing the concern are considered.

Hydroxyurea in Children with Beta Thalassemia Intermedia.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879-1879
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Marwaha ◽  
K. Naranje ◽  
Inusha Panigrahi ◽  
R. Das
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Thalassemia Intermedia ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Transfusion Requirements

Abstract The beneficial effects of hydroxyurea (HU) have been well documented in sickle cell disease. Its usefulness in thalassemia syndromes has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficacy and side effects of HU in children with beta thalassemia intermedia (TI). The data of 73 children with TI were retrospectively analysed. Response to HU was assessed by change in hemoglobin (Hb) level and by a fall in transfusion requirements. An increase in Hb level was observed in 46 (63.0%) of 73 patients; the response was categorised as good in 43 and partial in 13 cases. There was a poor or no response in the remaining 27 (37.0%) children. Significant rise in Hb levels were documented after HU therapy; the responses were better in patients diagnosed beyond the age of 3 years (p=0.001). A fall in transfusion requirements by >50% was observed in 28 (66.7%) of the 42 patients who received transfusion prior to referral. There were no serious side-effects inspite of prolonged use. Transient neutropenia (<1.5x109/L) was observed in 9 patients. A solitary case had severe myelotoxicity requiring discontinuation of HU. Over 60% of our patients showed good or partial response in terms of hemoglobin level and/or transfusion requirements. The study has drawbacks and limitations of retrospective analysis. The preliminary observations suggest the need for evaluating larger number of patients in a prospective manner of determine the optimum dose and duration of therapy.

Evaluation of quality-of-life side effects and duration of therapy in a phase III study of intermittent monotherapy versus continuous combined androgen deprivation

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5064-5064
Author(s):  
F. E. Calais da Silva ◽  
F. M. Calais da Silva ◽  
F. Gonçalves ◽  
A. Santos ◽  
J. Kliment ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Phase Iii Study

scholarly journals Gallbladder Stones: Oral Dissolution Therapy

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 621-623
Author(s):  
Johnson L Thistle
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Acid Therapy ◽  
Surgical Risk ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Bile Acid Therapy ◽  
Tomography Scan

Chenodiol is noninvasive, safe and moderately expensive. Because of diarrhea, the need for aminotransferase monitoring, the long duration of therapy required, and the minority of patients who are appropriate candidates, it has had limited use. Ursodiol is generally preferred because it has minimal side effects. Patients with increased surgical risk, mild to moderate symptoms, and gallstones which are either floatable with oral radiopaque contrast media or radiolucent by computed tomography scan in a nonobstructed gallbladder arc appropriate candidates for oral bile acid therapy. Silent stones should not be treated under most circumstances.

Effects of nicotine dose and administration method on withdrawal symptoms and side effects during short-term smoking abstinence.

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Leischow ◽  
Suzanne N. Valente ◽  
Anabel L. Hill ◽  
Pamela S. Otte ◽  
Mikel Aickin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Administration Method
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