An Original Document About the History of the Antarctic Expedition « Belgica »

2017 ◽  
pp. 593-597
Author(s):  
Alexandru Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals XXXI.—Shackleton Antarctic Expedition, 1914–1917: The Natural History of Pack-Ice as observed in the Weddell Sea

1921 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wordie
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Land Water

The opportunities for observation were afforded by the voyage and subsequent drift of the S.Y. Endurance. During December 1914 and January 1915 for a period of six weeks she successfully bored her way through pack-ice of every description—drift-ice, open-pack, and very frequently even close-pack. Continually fighting, she penetrated from 59° to 72° S. lat., and finally reached the land water off Coats Land on the latter parallel. As the crow flies, therefore, she was navigated through ice for nearly 800 geographical miles on this voyage; her actual course among the ice-fields and floes was computed to exceed 2000 miles, an achievement without parallel in the Antarctic. The principle adopted was to keep to the east, where presumably there is less pack than in the west; if the Endurance experience is a normal one, however, the meridian of 20° W. long., which was followed, is certainly not far enough east.

scholarly journals Medical aspects of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, October 1901—January 1904

1904 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Ekelof
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Cape Horn

The object of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition was to conduct researches relating to the geography and natural history of the Antarctic regions south of Cape Horn. The expedition was to start from Sweden during the autumn of 1901. On the approach of the Antarctic winter, in February or March 1902, some of the party were to be landed in a suitable place in the Antarctic regions, with the object of wintering there. The members remaining on board the ship “Antarctic,” were to carry on investigations in the regions around Cape Horn, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia. The next summer, i.e. in December 1902 or January 1903, the ship was to return in order to pick up the wintering party at their station; and, thus reunited, the whole expedition was to go back to Sweden, where, as we had calculated, we should arrive in the spring of 1903.

scholarly journals Glaciological and Geomorphological Reconnaissance in the Antarctic in 1956

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Shumskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract This paper presents a preliminary account of the glaciological observations made by the Antarctic Expedition of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences in Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Queen Mary Land and Knox Coast in 1956. The topography of the edge of the ice sheet is described, and the ice regime is discussed, particularly in relation to the existence of ice-free areas such as “Bunger’s oasis”.

Fur seals, whales and tourists: a commercial history of Deception Island, Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephen Dibbern
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Fur Seals

ABSTRACTDeception Island in the South Shetland Islands was the site of some of the earliest commercial activity to be carried out in the Antarctic with the early 19th century hunting of Antarctic fur seals. Nearly a century later it was the site of the most extensive anchorage for the reconstructed ships and ocean liners used as non-pelagic whale processing factories. Deception was also the site of what is the only successful land based commercial activity in Antarctic history. The Hektor whaling station operated in Whalers Bay from 1912 until 1931. Most of the remains of the station have now been obliterated by the volcanic activity that occurred in the late 1960s and 1970. By the later part of the twentieth century Deception Island had become a regular stop for the growing Antarctic tourist cruise industry. No other place in Antarctica has been so thoroughly identified with commercial activity.

Mawson’s views on use of natural resources in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Shaughnessy ◽  
Mark Pharaoh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Southern Elephant Seals ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract Sir Douglas Mawson is a well-known Antarctic explorer and scientist. Early in his career, he recognised opportunities for commerce in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. While at Cape Denison, Antarctica, in 1913 on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), the Adelie Blizzard magazine was produced. Mawson contributed articles about Antarctic natural resources and their possible use. Later, he advocated Australia be involved in pelagic whaling. He collected seal skins and oil for their commercial value to be assessed by the Hudson’s Bay Company. During the AAE, Mawson visited Macquarie Island where an oiling gang was killing southern elephant seals and royal penguins. Mawson was concerned that they were over-exploited and lobbied successfully to stop the killing. His plans for Macquarie Island included a wildlife sanctuary, with a party to supervise access, send meteorological observations to Australia and New Zealand, and be self-funded by harvesting elephant seals and penguins. Macquarie Island was declared a sanctuary in 1933. Although Mawson has been recognised as an early proponent of conservation, his views on conservation of living natural resources were inconsistent. They should be placed in their historical context: in the early twentieth century, utilisation of living natural resources was viewed more favourably than currently.

Holocene glacier history of northeastern Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America (55°S)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Scott A. Reynhout ◽  
Michael R. Kaplan ◽  
Esteban A. Sagredo ◽  
Juan Carlos Aravena ◽  
Rodrigo L. Soteres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Southward Shift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacial Expansion ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Glacial Advance

Abstract In the Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America, we used 10Be and 14C dating, dendrochronology, and historical observations to reconstruct the glacial history of the Dalla Vedova valley from deglacial time to the present. After deglacial recession into northeastern Darwin and Dalla Vedova, by ~16 ka, evidence indicates a glacial advance at ~13 ka coeval with the Antarctic Cold Reversal. The next robustly dated glacial expansion occurred at 870 ± 60 calendar yr ago (approximately AD 1150), followed by less-extensive dendrochronologically constrained advances from shortly before AD 1836 to the mid-twentieth century. Our record is consistent with most studies within the Cordillera Darwin that show that the Holocene glacial maximum occurred during the last millennium. This pattern contrasts with the extensive early- and mid-Holocene glacier expansions farther north in Patagonia; furthermore, an advance at 870 ± 60 yr ago may suggest out-of-phase glacial advances occurred within the Cordillera Darwin relative to Patagonia. We speculate that a southward shift of westerlies and associated climate regimes toward the southernmost tip of the continent, about 900–800 yr ago, provides a mechanism by which some glaciers advanced in the Cordillera Darwin during what is generally considered a warm and dry period to the north in Patagonia.

scholarly journals Preserved landscapes underneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet reveal the geomorphological history of Jutulstraumen Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Franke ◽  
Hannes Eisermann ◽  
Wilfried Jokat ◽  
Graeme Eagles ◽  
Jölund Asseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic

Rapports intertextuels et (re)constructions identitaires dans le roman Bois rouge de Jean-Marie Touratier

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Loredana Stănică ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Jean De Lery ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Great Complexity

Published in 1993, the novel Bois rouge by Jean-Marie Touratier brings to life the history of the short-lived French colony of Brazil, the Antarctic France, whose existence, reduced to only five years (1555-1560), was described in the travelogues written in the 16th century by André Thevet (Les Singularitez de la France Antarctique - The New Found World, or Antarctike) and Jean de Léry (Histoire d’un voyage faict en la terre du Brésil – History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil). Beneath the appearance of a simple story told by an ironic voice, sometimes even satirical towards the military leader of the French colony, the Knight of Malta Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon and his chaplain, André Thevet, future cosmographer of the kings of France, the novel delves into issues of great complexity, such as (the issue of) identity and the relationship to the Other (the American “savage”).

scholarly journals Glaciological and Geomorphological Reconnaissance in the Antarctic in 1956

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
P. A. Shumskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThis paper presents a preliminary account of the glaciological observations made by the Antarctic Expedition of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences in Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Queen Mary Land and Knox Coast in 1956. The topography of the edge of the ice sheet is described, and the ice regime is discussed, particularly in relation to the existence of ice-free areas such as “Bunger’s oasis”.

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