Survey of Comfort and Cityscape: Methodological Considerations for the Definition of a Graphic Code and Related Experimental Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 537-550
Author(s):  
Giorgio Garzino ◽  
Maurizio Marco Bocconcino ◽  
Vincenzo Donato
Keyword(s):  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATIVE RESEARCH AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND PROFESSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Santo Di Nuovo
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Evaluative Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The evaluative research is an important goal of applied research in psychology, and can constitute a link between scientific research and the definition of an evidence-based profession, in many fields of psychology: e.g., educational, social, work, clinical psychology.But to make a good evaluative research some methodological considerations are needed. First of all, the complexity of this field of study overwhelms the traditional methods based on laboratory research, which defines and manages variables, sampling, and statistical analyses in a reductive way.

scholarly journals Czy polityka okupacyjna Niemiec wobec Polaków w czasie II wojny światowej była ludobójstwem?

2016 ◽  
pp. 72-105
Author(s):  
Wanda Jarząbek
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Total War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Due to the very limited use of the term ‘genocide’ in scientific discourse, researchers did not carry out broad methodological considerations on the legitimacy of its use in relation to the occupation policy of the Third Reich against the Poles during World War II. Historians often conducted their research based on other theoretical models (often those that were popular at that time). For example, they studied the policy of the Third Reich in terms of the racial theory, social engineering, ethnic cleansing, total war or in a classical way, i.e. they examined various aspects of the Nazi occupation without referring to models and theories. Interestingly, many authors presented the problem in a manner similar to that resulting from Lemkin’s definition of genocide. In other words, they described the phenomenon, but without using the term ‘genocide’. They used it, however, in reference to the Holocaust. Perhaps, they did not apply it in reference to other nations due to the fact that almost the entire Jewish population was annihilated in the areas occupied by the German Third Reich. The term ‘genocide’ appeared with regard to the German policy against the Poles mainly in the colloquial sense, thereby reducing its conceptual content to mass murder. The discussions on genocide have entered a new phase in Poland. The aim of this article is to reflect on the possibility of using the term ‘genocide’ to describe the German policy against the Poles in the context of the definition created by Raphael Lemkin and the UN Convention of 1948.

Definition and Measurement of Tactical Voting: The Role of Rational Choice

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN D. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

There has been substantial debate on the measurement of tactical voting in this Journal, much of which has actually been concerned with the definition of a tactical vote. For this reason it is necessary to go ‘back to basics’ to examine the notion of a tactical vote within rational choice theory and follow its implications for the measurement of tactical voting. This Note has four aims: to elucidate the formal theoretical concepts behind the notion of tactical voting; to provide a practical definition of tactical voting based on those concepts; to examine and use the implications of the theory and definition to evaluate existing measures of tactical voting; and to further appraise measures of tactical voting from general methodological considerations. This Note focuses on tactical voting in single-member simple-plurality electoral systems. The following section argues that the range of situations where it may be optimal to vote tactically is both broader and less well defined than previous authors have generally realized. This implies that both the definition, and therefore the measurement, of tactical voting rest mainly on the criteria of voting for a party other than the first choice and doing so in order to best influence who wins. The empirical section examines various approaches to the measurement of tactical voting and argues that the Heath et al. measure is a priori the most attractive available. Furthermore, detailed analysis using British Election Study (BES) data from English voters in 1987, 1992 and 1997, shows that whilst the Heath et al. measure is relatively robust, it can be usefully revised to improve consistency with the strength-of-feeling scores. A corresponding method for identifying a voter's preferred party is also presented.

scholarly journals Towards a definition of glomerulomegaly: clinical-pathological and methodological considerations

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2202-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hughson ◽  
W. E. Hoy ◽  
R. N. Douglas-Denton ◽  
M. A. Zimanyi ◽  
J. F. Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

scholarly journals What is a "Lament," Really?: A Commentary on Nicholas Shea's "Descending Bass Schemata and Negative Emotion in Western Song"

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Bryn Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Rock Music ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

This commentary focuses on Shea (2019) and its relationship to much of the literature on popular and rock music. The commentary offers some methodological considerations on the construction of corpora for this type of analysis. The commentary questions the operational definition of 'lament,' and laud's Shea's work in attempting to create a more thorough, objective definition. Ultimately, the commentary concludes that, while Shea's approach is worthwhile, a much larger corpus must be generated in order to draw meaningful conclusions from it.

Epidemiology of Homelessness Among Veterans

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brignone ◽  
Jamison Fargo ◽  
Dennis Culhane
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Housing Status ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Prevalence Period

Accurately estimating the incidence, prevalence, and composition of the population of Veterans who experience homelessness is important for planning and evaluating prevention and intervention strategies. However, several methodological considerations exist that are relevant to establishing and interpreting epidemiological estimates of homelessness among Veterans. These issues include the conceptual definition of homeless and Veteran status; the various time frames used in enumeration efforts and the implications of these time frames on resulting estimates; and the strengths and limitations of primary and administrative data sources. This chapter discusses methodological issues and present a national epidemiological estimates based on various sources and methodologies. Recent point prevalence, period prevalence, and incidence estimates are summarized, as are segmentation of estimates by demographic, geographic, and housing status characteristics, and trends over time. In the past decade, several indicators have suggested that homelessness among Veterans has decreased substantially. Since 2009, point-in-time estimates have declined nearly 50%, and 1-year estimates have declined by 11%. Despite these improvements, Veterans continue to be overrepresented among the population of homeless adults in the United States.

Gangsters and Genre

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Lam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Film Genre ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
Genre Criticism ◽  
Public Enemy ◽  
Gangster Film ◽  
Gangster Films ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Gangster Genre

While there are multiple possible definitions of what makes a gangster film, ranging from the simple inclusion of a villainous gangster in a film to those that follow outlaws on the run, the classic definition of a gangster film has revolved around the rise and inevitable fall of an immigrant gangster protagonist, a career criminal with whom audiences are expected to identify. Yet this classic definition has been expanded by evolving theoretical and methodological considerations of film genre. From the outset, gangster films were one of the first film genres to be considered by early genre criticism. Based on structural and formal analyses of the so-called Big Three Hollywood gangster films from the 1930s—namely, Little Caesar, The Public Enemy, and Scarface—early scholars argued that the gangster genre reflected the ideological tensions that underlay the American Dream of material success. Interpreted as modern tragic figures, gun-toting gangsters in these films were trapped in dangerous cities characterized by anonymity, violence, and death. More recently, genre criticism of gangster films has not only shifted emphasis away from the classic gangster narrative, but also paid far greater attention to institutional intertexts that have highly influenced the production and historical reception of these films. By highlighting variability, contingency, mutability, and flexibility, scholars now speak of genre in terms of specific cycles of production, where each cycle produces different gangster figures to mediate changing societal concerns and public discourses around issues of criminality, class, gender, and race. More contemporary and culturally-specific extensions, adaptations, or articulations of the gangster genre can also be read as thematic explorations of blackness in the following two ways. First, the cycle of ghetto-centric American “hood” films in the 1990s, a cycle that helped to launch hip-hop cinema, points to a continuity between the mythic figure of the gangster and African-American self-representations as “gangsta.” Secondly, while the gangster genre has been defined as a distinctly and explicitly American genre, owing much to critics’ primary emphasis on examining Hollywood films, the genre has also played a significant role in revitalizing and popularizing Hong Kong cinema in the late 1980s and 1990s. Referred to as hak bong dianying (“black gang films”), Cantonese-language Hong Kong gangster films are part of the fabric of local Hong Kong culture, revealing the moral implications of joining “black society” (the Cantonese-language concept for triad) and the “black paths” that members take.

Methodological and Ethical Issues Related to Studying Child Maltreatment

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA R. S. SOCOLAR ◽  
DESMOND K. RUNYAN ◽  
LISA AMAYA-JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Subject Recruitment ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Research about child abuse and neglect is very complex methodologically and ethically. There are not yet uniform research definitions of the problem and the lack of prospective population-based research limits the ability to make progress. To date researchers have been reluctant to ask children directly about their maltreatment experiences because of perceptions of ethical and legal responsibilities. This article begins with a brief review of existing research about the scope and consequences of child abuse and neglect. We address methodological considerations that are especially pertinent to research about child maltreatment, including the definition of the problem, study design, and issues of causality and bias. We conclude with a discussion of ethical and legal issues that arise in the course of carrying out such research, including issues related to subject recruitment, informed consent, confidentiality, and reporting.

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