Changes in Land Use After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Related Issues of Urban Form

2017 ◽  
pp. 183-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Ubaura
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake

Urbanization and Carbon Emissions in India and China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kala Seetharam Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
India And China

This article understands, from an empirical perspective, the determinants of carbon emissions, using internationally comparable data, and cross-national regressions for India and China. Next, it explores the relationship between urban land use regulations and carbon emissions in India’s cities. Urbanization has no impact on carbon emissions per capita or per unit of geographical area. Electricity consumption in China and electricity produced from coal in India have a positive effect on carbon emissions. GDP per capita has a positive effect in India and not so in China, but per capita GDP squared has a negative impact on emissions in both the countries. Does this imply that urbanization should be ignored in the two countries? The answer is no, because a city’s urban form, to which policy contributes, is correlated with carbon emissions. More suburbanized cities which sprawl more also emit more carbon. India’s land use regulations relating to building height restrictions are conservative, hence Indian cities sprawl, which lead to carbon emissions. Hence, the focus of urban policy has to be on the development of compact cities. The article concludes with caveats of the data.

scholarly journals Computing climate-smart urban land use with the Integrated Urban Complexity model (IUCm 1.0)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 525-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Cremades ◽  
Philipp S. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Combat Climate Change

Abstract. Cities are fundamental to climate change mitigation, and although there is increasing understanding about the relationship between emissions and urban form, this relationship has not been used to provide planning advice for urban land use so far. Here we present the Integrated Urban Complexity model (IUCm 1.0) that computes “climate-smart urban forms”, which are able to cut emissions related to energy consumption from urban mobility in half. Furthermore, we show the complex features that go beyond the normal debates about urban sprawl vs. compactness. Our results show how to reinforce fractal hierarchies and population density clusters within climate risk constraints to significantly decrease the energy consumption of urban mobility. The new model that we present aims to produce new advice about how cities can combat climate change.

The impact of urban form on disaster resiliency

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Irajifar ◽  
Neil Sipe ◽  
Tooran Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
High Density ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Land Use Mix ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper examines the impact of urban form on disaster resiliency. The literature shows a complex relationship between urban form factors such as density and diversity and disaster recovery. The empirical analysis in this paper tests the impact of land use mix, population density, building type and diversity on the reconstruction progress in three, six and nine months after the 2010 flood in Brisbane and Ipswich as proxies of disaster resilience. Considerable debate exists on whether urban form factors are the causal incentive or are they mediating other non-urban form causal factors such as income level. In view of this, the effects of a series of established non-urban form factors such as income and tenure, already known as effective factors on disaster resilience, are controlled in the analysis. Design/methodology/approach The structure of this paper is based on a two-phase research approach. In the first phase, for identification of hypothetical relationships between urban form and disaster resiliency, information was gathered from different sources on the basis of theory and past research findings. Then in phase two, a database was developed to test these hypothetical relationships, employing statistical techniques (including multivariate regression and correlation analysis) in which disaster recovery was compared among 76 suburbs of Brisbane and Ipswich with differing levels of population density and land use mix. Findings The results indicate that population density is positively related to disaster resilience, even when controlling for contextual variables such as income level and home ownership. The association between population density and disaster reconstruction is non-linear. The progress of reconstruction to population density ratio increases from low, medium to high densities, while in very low and very high density areas the reconstruction progress does not show the same behavior, which suggests that medium-high density is the most resilient. Originality/value The originality of this paper is in extracting hypothetical relationships between urban form and resiliency and testing them with real world data. The results confirmed the contribution of density to recovery process in this case study. This illustrates the importance of attention to disaster resiliency measures from the early stages of design and planning in development of resilient urban communities.

Land Use and Urban Form

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Adrian Esparza ◽  
Grant Ian Thrall
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Form

A Remote Sensing Based Calibration Framework for the MOLAND Urban Growth Model of Dublin

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Van de Voorde ◽  
Johannes van der Kwast ◽  
Frank Canters ◽  
Guy Engelen ◽  
Marc Binard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

Land-use change models are useful tools for assessing and comparing the environmental impact of alternative policy scenarios. Their increasing popularity as spatial planning instruments also poses new scientific challenges, such as correctly calibrating the model. The challenge in model calibration is twofold: obtaining a reliable and consistent time series of land-use information and finding suitable measures to compare model output to reality. Both of these issues are addressed in this paper. The authors propose a model calibration framework that is supported by information on urban form and function derived from medium-resolution remote sensing data through newly developed spatial metrics. The remote sensing derived maps are compared to model output of the same date for two model scenarios using well-known spatial metrics. Results demonstrate a good resemblance between the simulation output and the remote sensing derived maps.

scholarly journals How land-use and urban form impact bicycle flows: evidence from the bicycle-sharing system (BIXI) in Montreal

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Faghih-Imani ◽  
Naveen Eluru ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Geneidy ◽  
Michael Rabbat ◽  
Usama Haq
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Bicycle Sharing System

scholarly journals Transition Engineering of Urban Transportation for Resilience to Peak Oil Risks

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Krumdieck
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
The Right

Oil resources are finite and production decline is a fact for this century. The question is, why there has been so little policy action? This paper proposes that dealing with the complex changes involved in the transition to oil supply contraction requires new kinds of engineering modeling and analysis. There are no miracle technologies that will mitigate the need for major policy, economic, infrastructure and land use changes. Researchers have the responsibility to develop new methods and tools necessary for policy makers and planners to manage this change in direction. Without the right tools, the policy choice is between denying the problem and hoping for miracles. With the right Transition Engineering tools, the policy choices involve changes in land use, incentives, taxes and investments that efficiently reduce vulnerability and risk, increase adaptive capacity and build resilience. For more than a decade, the research and development program at the Advanced Energy and Material Systems Lab (AEMSLab) has focused on Transition Engineering. The first Transition Engineering project assesses vulnerability and risk to essential activities from oil supply contraction in the near and long term. The risk assessment method employs a probabilistic model of future fuel availability and an impact model of travel behavior adaptation to meet the probable fuel constraint. The second project is to assess travel adaptive capacity of current travel behavior and of the current urban forms using a new kind of travel survey, and to develop adaptation models for different urban development scenarios. Another important analysis is the active mode accessibility of the current urban form. The model uses GIS data and an activity model based on the demographic profile. Future urban form development, technology and infrastructure investments and behavior change are modeled using the strategic analysis method.

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