Teaching Drawing as a Code or Diagram—Mirror or Map—, and Its Correlation with the Right or Left Brain Hemispheres

2017 ◽  
pp. 555-563
Author(s):  
Aurelio Vallespín Muniesa ◽  
Noelia Cervero Sánchez ◽  
Victoria González Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
The Right

Orientation and lateralized cue use in pigeons navigating a large indoor environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (12) ◽  
pp. 1795-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Prior ◽  
Frank Lingenauber ◽  
Jörg Nitschke ◽  
Onur Güntürkün
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Brain Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Right Brain ◽  
Starting Location ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Reference Frame

SUMMARY The pigeon's use of different visuo-spatial cues was studied under controlled laboratory conditions that simulated analogous aspects of a homing situation. The birds first learned the route to a goal that was not visible from the starting location, but became visible as it was approached. Birds could orientate within a mainly geometric global reference frame, using prominent landmarks within their range, or by `piloting' along local cues. After learning the route, the birds were tested from familiar and unfamiliar release points, and several aspects of the available cues were varied systematically. The study explored the contribution of the left and right brain hemispheres by performing tests with the right or left eye occluded. The results show that pigeons can establish accurate bearings towards a non-visible goal by using a global reference frame only. Furthermore, there was a peak of searching activity at the location predicted by the global reference frame. Search at this location and directedness of the bearings were equally high with both right and left eye, suggesting that both brain hemispheres have the same competence level for these components of the task. A lateralization effect occurred when prominent landmarks were removed or translated. While the right brain hemisphere completely ignored such changes,the left brain hemisphere was distracted by removal of landmarks. After translation of landmarks, the left but not the right brain hemisphere allocated part of the searching activity to the site predicted by the new landmark position. The results show that a mainly geometric global visual reference frame is sufficient to determine exact bearings from familiar and unfamiliar release points. Overall, the results suggest a model of brain lateralization with a well-developed global spatial reference system in either hemisphere and an extra capacity for the processing of object features in the left brain.

scholarly journals BRAIN VOLUMES OF THE LAMB, RAT AND BIRD DO NOT SHOW HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY: A STEREOLOGICAL STUDY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bünyamin Sahin ◽  
Hüseyin Aslan ◽  
Bünyami Unal ◽  
Sinan Canan ◽  
Sait Bilgic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Cavalieri Principle ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

It is well known that there are functional differences between right and left brain hemispheres. However, it is not clear whether these functional differences are reflected in morphometric differences. This study was carried out to investigate the right-left asymmetry, and sex and species differences of the brains using the Cavalieri principle for volume estimation. Seventeen lambs, 10 rats and 12 avian brains were used to estimate brain volumes. A transparent point grid was superimposed on the slices of lamb brains directly and the slices of the rat and avian brains were projected onto a screen at 10x magnification. Surface areas of the cut slice faces were estimated by simply counting the points that hit the slices. Mean brain volumes were 37.74 cm3, 598.95 mm3 and 730.38 mm3 and the coefficients of variations were 0.08, 0.05 and 0.05 for lamb, rat and avian brains respectively. The differences between left and right hemispheres did not show statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, the male brain volumes were larger than the females for the lamb and bird (P < 0.05). In light of such findings, it will be necessary to evaluate neuron number of the brain hemispheres to provide more useful data regarding inter-hemispheric brain asymmetry.

scholarly journals Biochemical evaluation of focal non-reperfusion cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3b) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Carlotti Jr ◽  
Luiza da Silva Lopes ◽  
Luis Fernando Tirapelli
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Ischemic Region ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Cerebral ischemia is an important event in clinical and surgical neurological practice since it is one of the diseases that most compromise the human species. In the present study 40 adult rats were submitted to periods of focal ischemia of 30, 60 and 90 min without reperfusion and animals submitted to a sham procedure were used as controls. We analyzed the levels of ATP, malondialdehyde and caspase-3. No significant differences in the biochemical measurements were observed between the right and left brain hemispheres of the same animal in each experimental group. Reduced ATP levels were observed after the three periods of ischemia compared to the sham group. No significant increase in malondialdehyde or caspase-3 levels was observed. Despite significant changes in ATP levels, the results indicated cell viability in the ischemic region as shown by the low rates of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis, findings probably related to the lack of reperfusion.

scholarly journals Lateralization of magnetic compass orientation in pigeons

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Wilzeck ◽  
Wolfgang Wiltschko ◽  
Onur Güntürkün ◽  
Roswitha Wiltschko ◽  
Helmut Prior
Keyword(s):  
Operant Chamber ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Compass Orientation ◽  
Brain Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Right Brain ◽  
Magnetic Compass Orientation ◽  
Operant Task ◽  
The Right

The aim of our study was to test for lateralization of magnetic compass orientation in pigeons. Having shown that pigeons are capable of learning magnetic compass directions in an operant task, we wanted to know whether the brain hemispheres contribute differently and how the lateralization pattern relates to findings in other avian species. Birds that had learnt to locate food in an operant chamber by means of magnetic directions were tested for lateralization of magnetic compass orientation by temporarily covering one eye. Successful orientation occurred under all conditions of viewing. Thus, pigeons can perceive and process magnetic compass directions with the right eye and left brain hemisphere as well as the left eye and right brain hemisphere. However, while the right brain hemisphere tended to confuse the learned direction with its opposite (axial response), the left brain hemisphere specifically preferred the correct direction. Our findings demonstrate bilateral processing of magnetic information, but also suggest qualitative differences in how the left and the right brain deal with magnetic cues.

scholarly journals Effect of Stroking on Serotonin, Noradrenaline, and Cortisol Levels in the Blood of Right- and Left-Pawed Dogs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Mirosław Karpiński ◽  
Katarzyna Ognik ◽  
Aleksandra Garbiec ◽  
Piotr Czyżowski ◽  
Magdalena Krauze
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Paw Preference ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Right ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
The Brain

It has been assumed that stroking relieves stress responses in dogs, and dogs with the activation of the left-brain hemisphere (right-pawed) may show better adaptation to stress conditions. The aim of the study was to determine whether the stroking stimulus induced changes in the level of selected neuroregulators in dogs’ blood and whether these changes depended on the sex and the predominance of the activity of one of the brain hemispheres. The study involved 40 dogs of various breeds and both sexes. The experimental animals were subjected to a behavioral tests (Kong test), and the levels of noradrenaline, serotonin, and cortisol were determined in their blood plasma. The results of the behavioral test revealed that most dogs exhibited increased activity of the left hemisphere. Furthermore, irrespective of the sex and paw preference, stroking the animal was found to alleviate the stress response, which was reflected in reduced cortisol levels and increased serotonin levels. It was found that the plasma noradrenaline, cortisol, and serotonin levels were lower in the female dogs than in the males. Additionally, the plasma noradrenaline and serotonin levels were higher in the right-pawed dogs than in the left-pawed dogs. The present results confirm the assumption that right-pawed dogs adapt to stressful conditions more readily.

scholarly journals Lateralization in monogamous pairs: wild geese prefer to keep their partner in the left hemifield except when disturbed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Zaynagutdinova ◽  
Karina Karenina ◽  
Andrey Giljov
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Anser Albifrons ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
The Right

Abstract Behavioural lateralization, which reflects the functional specializations of the two brain hemispheres, is assumed to play an important role in cooperative intraspecific interactions. However, there are few studies focused on the lateralization in cooperative behaviours of individuals, especially in a natural setting. In the present study, we investigated lateralized spatial interactions between the partners in life-long monogamous pairs. The male-female pairs of two geese species (barnacle, Branta leucopsis, and white-fronted, Anser albifrons geese), were observed during different stages of the annual cycle in a variety of conditions. In geese flocks, we recorded which visual hemifield (left/right) the following partner used to monitor the leading partner relevant to the type of behaviour and the disturbance factors. In a significant majority of pairs, the following bird viewed the leading partner with the left eye during routine behaviours such as resting and feeding in undisturbed conditions. This behavioural lateralization, implicating the right hemisphere processing, was consistent across the different aggregation sites and years of the study. In contrast, no significant bias was found in a variety of geese behaviours associated with enhanced disturbance (when alert on water, flying or fleeing away when disturbed, feeding during the hunting period, in urban area feeding and during moulting). We hypothesize that the increased demands for right hemisphere processing to deal with stressful and emergency situations may interfere with the manifestation of lateralization in social interactions.

scholarly journals Dissociated Crossed Speech Areas in a Tumour Patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Mauler ◽  
Irene Neuner ◽  
Georg Neuloh ◽  
Bruno Fimm ◽  
Frank Boers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wada Test ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Eloquent Areas ◽  
Tumour Removal ◽  
Frontal Operculum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Impaired Speech

In the past, the eloquent areas could be deliberately localised by the invasive Wada test. The very rare cases of dissociated crossed speech areas were accidentally found based on the clinical symptomatology. Today functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based imaging can be employed to non-invasively localise the eloquent areas in brain tumour patients for therapy planning. A 41-year-old, left-handed man with a low-grade glioma in the left frontal operculum extending to the insular cortex, tension headaches, and anomic aphasia over 5 months underwent a pre-operative speech area localisation fMRI measurement, which revealed the evidence of the transhemispheric disposition, where the dominant Wernicke speech area is located on the left and the Broca’s area is strongly lateralised to the right hemisphere. The outcome of the Wada test and the intraoperative cortico-subcortical stimulation mapping were congruent with this finding. After tumour removal, language area function was fully preserved. Upon the occurrence of brain tumours with a risk of impaired speech function, the rare dissociate crossed speech areas disposition may gain a clinically relevant meaning by allowing for more extended tumour removal. Hence, for its identification, diagnostics which take into account both brain hemispheres, such as fMRI, are recommended.

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