International Cooperation on Cross-Border Human Trafficking

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-107
Author(s):  
May Ikeora
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Cross Border

scholarly journals Understanding the challenges to investigating and prosecuting organ trafficking: a comparative analysis of two cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederike Ambagtsheer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organ Trafficking ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Organ Trade ◽  
Case Outcome

AbstractThe human organ trade is proliferating globally. However, far fewer cases have been prosecuted than would be expected based on estimates of the crime. Research exploring the challenges to investigating and prosecuting organ trafficking cases is practically non-existent. Also no studies exist that explain these challenges utilizing a criminal justice framework. This article aims to explain the legal, institutional and environmental factors that affected the investigation and prosecution of two organ trafficking cases: the Netcare case, exposed in South Africa and the Medicus case, exposed in Kosovo. It analyzes these factors through a comparative, mixed-method design, utilizing a theoretical criminal justice framework. Both cases constituted globally operating criminal networks involving brokers and transplant professionals that colluded in organizing illegal transplants. Both cases contained human trafficking elements, however only the Medicus case was prosecuted as a human trafficking case. Legal uncertainty, a lack of institutional readiness and cross-border collaboration issues hampered investigation and prosecution of the Netcare case. The Medicus case also reported problems during cross-border collaboration, as well as a corrupt environment and institutional barriers, which impeded a successful case outcome. Recommendations to improve enforcement of organ trafficking include improving identification of suspicious transplant activity, strengthening cross-border collaboration and enhancing whistleblower protection laws.

scholarly journals E-justice and international land conveyancing

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Afonso Patrão
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Cross Border

This paper explores the obstacles regarding cross-border transactions on immoveable property within the European Union. The existence of obstacles to the exercise of the freedom of movement of capitals, such as travel costs to the country where the property is located and finding a notary there, may even lead the parties not to enter in those contracts. E-justice solutions are being created to solve such situations and this paper reflects if they are enough to overcome the difficulties and rectify current deficiencies. It concludes by examining the tendency of solving the difficulties of international cooperation between non-judicial authorities through e-Justice tools.

Article 60 Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Tosoni
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Supervisory Authority ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Joint Operations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Article 50

Article 4(16) (Definition of ‘main establishment’) (see too recital 36); Article 4(22) (Definition of ‘supervisory authority concerned’) (see also recital 36); Article 4(23) (Definition of ‘cross-border processing’); Article 4(24) (Definition of ‘relevant and reasoned objection’) (see too recital 124); Article 50 (International cooperation for the protection of personal data) (see too recitals 102 and 116); Article 55 (Competence of the supervisory authorities) (see too recitals 122 and 128); Article 56 (Competence of the lead supervisory authority) (see also recitals 124–128); Article 57(1)(g) (Supervisory authorities’ task to cooperate with other supervisory authorities) (see too recitals 123 and 133); Article 58 (Powers of supervisory authorities) (see too recitals 122 and 129); Article 61 (Mutual assistance) (see too recitals 123 and 133); Article 62 (Joint operations of supervisory authorities) (see too recital 134); Article 63 (Consistency mechanism) (see too recitals 13, 136 and 138); Article 64 (Opinion of the Board) (see also recitals 135–136); Article 65 (Dispute resolution by the Board) (see too recitals 136 and 143); and Article 66 (Urgency procedure) (see too recitals 137–138).

International Cooperation in Combating Human Trafficking in the EU: Evidence from Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Oğuz
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
The Eu

Human trafficking lies at the heart of international organised crime. It is concerned with profits in terms of the exploitation of human beings. It is an abuse of basic rights. The enormous interest and concern for trafficking and human struggling is factual evidence. In the EU, policy on irregular migration is driven by the perception that the member states risk being overwhelmed by large numbers of irregular migrants thought to constitute a threat to national security. This has implications for policy measures designed to combat trafficking and human smuggling, which may not work without international cooperation. In most cases, victims are brought to the EU member states from abroad. This creates a demand for international obligations for cooperation and related instruments for combating human smuggling and trafficking. Therefore, the member states and their law enforcement agencies cannot tackle human trafficking alone. A question arises as to whether Turkey can be a vital partner, based on the facts that it is a transit country, with a strong border and assuming that it has a role to play, through its expertise and its commitment to dealing with the effects of trafficking. Unfortunately, these facts are still overlooked, while disproportionately intensive efforts are expended on dealing with questions of national security by the member states. Combating illegal immigration and reducing and controlling migration are frequently seen through the magnifying glass of the struggle against human trafficking. This article focuses on the international factors involved and how the wider international community might be able to play an effective role in helping to tackle human trafficking. It argues that continued coordination and collaboration across the countries is vital. The article reviews the empirical evidence from Turkey, as non-EU/candidate countries' cooperation and assistance in human trafficking may have an important dimension.

scholarly journals Enhancing Oil Spill Response Capacities in the South Baltic Sea Region via Cross-Border Utilization of Biodegradable Oil Binders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. Manuscript
Author(s):  
Anastasia Christodoulou ◽  
Dimitrios Dalaklis ◽  
Henrik Nilsson ◽  
Jennie Larsson ◽  
Anne Pazaver
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Oil Spill Response

Occurrences of oil spills are responsible for very significant environmental degradation; they are more likely to happen in areas with dense shipping traffic, or in close vicinity of transport pipelines and/or other infrastructures used for production and processing purposes. Without international cooperation, individual countries often lack sufficient resources and assets to successfully respond to large-scale oil spill incidents. This can be related to the vast quantities of oil involved in those incidents or the lack of necessary special equipment for dealing with the tasks at hand by the country under the need to respond. For successful resolution of oil spill incidents, close and effective international cooperation -especially between neighboring countries that usually “share the burden” of oil pollution- is a vital necessity. On this basis, the South Baltic Oil (SBOIL) project aims to strengthen the existing oil spill response capacities in the South Baltic region, introducing a cross-border spill response tool based on the new ‘green technology’ of biodegradable oil binders (BioBinders). In order for this new concept to be implemented, it is necessary to examine the international and national regulations and guidelines with reference to sorbent use and exchange of oil spill equipment in the area of interest and also analyze the national oil spill contingency plans of the different countries involved in the project. After investigating the legal requirements for the utilization of BioBinders in the South Baltic region, the analysis at hand presents the outcomes of a Table Top Exercise that was based on a realistic oil spill scenario in the wider region. This Exercise tested the compatibility of International/National/Regional plans regarding the use of the BioBinders and examined the topics of recovery and waste management, including alternative techniques available for oil spill response. Results point towards the direction that the use of the BioBinders is promising and represents a response option to improve the existing oil spill response capacities in the South Baltic region; the main challenge lies with the difficulty in dealing with waste management, mainly because of the current legislation in place within the participating countries.

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AS VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING BASED ON JUSTICE VALUE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Anis Mashdurohatun ◽  
Wa Ode Khatija Rasia
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Source Data

 The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze f actor Factors affecting the legal protection of children as victims of human trafficking and formulating legal protection based on values of justice.Method The approach used in this study is normative, where the source data comes from secondary data, which consists of primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary. The results found that thefactors that most influence the occurrence of the crime of trafficking of children is a factor of economic and cultural factors. P potential protective laws against child as a victim of human trafficking based on values of justice, in a preventive form a variety of legislation, cooperation and coordination between state agencies, international cooperation and conduct socialization to the public about the dangers of human trafficking crimes. And repressively impose sanctions that are oriented to the victim.

scholarly journals ISSUES OF COMBATING TRANS-BORDER CRIME WITHIN THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Evgeniy N. Yakovets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Almost All

The article presents the main elements of crimes, the detection, prevention and disclosure of which is the responsibility of the Russian border authorities. Almost all of them are cross-border. Legal bases of international cooperation in the fight against cross-border crime within the CIS are analyzed. The author concludes that the legal regulation of interstate cooperation in this sphere is not effective enough.

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