Chapter 8 Formal Conceptual Blending in the (Co-)Invention of (Pure) Mathematics

Youth literature within the German Democratic Republic (GDR) officially enjoyed equal status with adult literature, with authors often writing for both audiences. Such parity of esteem pre-supposed that youth literature would also adopt the cultural–political frameworks designed to nurture the establishment of socialism on German soil. In their quest to forge a legitimate national literature capable of transforming the population, politicians and writers drew repeatedly upon the cultural heritage of Weimar classicism and the Bildungsroman, Humboldtian educational traditions and Soviet-inspired models of socialist realism. Adopting a script theory approach inspired by Jean Matter Mandler, this article explores how directive cultural policies lead to the emergence of multiple scripts which inform the nature and narrative of individual works. Three broad ideological scripts within GDR youth literature are identified which underpin four distinct narrative scripts employed by individual writers to support, challenge and ultimately subvert the primacy of the Bildungsroman genre. A close reading of works by Strittmatter, Pludra, Görlich, Tetzner and Saalmann reveals further how conceptual blending with classical and fairy-tale scripts is exploited to legitimise and at times mask critique of transformation and education inside and outside the classroom and to offer young protagonists a voice often denied their readers.

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Problems on the Gravitational Wave and the Repulsive Gravitation

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v12i4.4403 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 4422-4429

Author(s):

C. Y. Lo

Keyword(s):

Black Holes ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Einstein Equation ◽

Wave Solution ◽

Dynamic Solution ◽

Pure Mathematics ◽

Non Linear

It is exciting that the gravitational wave has been confirmed, according to the announcement of LIGO. This would be the time to fix the Einstein equation for the gravitational wave and the nonexistence of the dynamic solution. As a first step, theorists should improve their pure mathematics on non-linear mathematics and related physical considerations beyond Einstein. Then, it is time to rectify the Einstein equation that has no gravitational wave solution which Einstein has recognized, and no dynamic solution that Einstein failed to see. A problem is that physicists in LIGO did not know their shortcomings. Also, in view of the far distance of the sources, it is very questionable that the physicists can determine they are from black holes. Moreover, since the repulsive gravitation can also generate a gravitational wave, the problem of gravitational wave is actually far more complicated than we have known. A useful feature of the gravitational wave based on repulsive gravitation is that it can be easily generated on earth. Thus this can be a new tool for communication because it can penetrate any medium.

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Alleviating the problem of Key Skills in Pure Mathematics modules using ICT

MSOR Connections ◽

10.11120/msor.2003.03010023 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Pamela Cowan

Keyword(s):

Pure Mathematics ◽

Key Skills

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A Priority and Application: Philosophy of Mathematics in the Modern Period

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0002 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Shabel

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Mathematical Reasoning ◽

Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽

Mathematical Practice ◽

Natural World ◽

Pure Mathematics ◽

Philosophical Account ◽

Mathematical Ontology ◽

To Come ◽

Modern Mathematics

The state of modern mathematical practice called for a modern philosopher of mathematics to answer two interrelated questions. Given that mathematical ontology includes quantifiable empirical objects, how to explain the paradigmatic features of pure mathematical reasoning: universality, certainty, necessity. And, without giving up the special status of pure mathematical reasoning, how to explain the ability of pure mathematics to come into contact with and describe the empirically accessible natural world. The first question comes to a demand for apriority: a viable philosophical account of early modern mathematics must explain the apriority of mathematical reasoning. The second question comes to a demand for applicability: a viable philosophical account of early modern mathematics must explain the applicability of mathematical reasoning. This article begins by providing a brief account of a relevant aspect of early modern mathematical practice, in order to situate philosophers in their historical and mathematical context.

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Language and creativity: a Construction Grammar approach to linguistic creativity

Linguistics Vanguard ◽

10.1515/lingvan-2019-0019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Construction Grammar ◽

Linguistic Theory ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Evolutionary Adaptation ◽

Theory Construction ◽

Conceptual Blending ◽

Cognitive Linguistic ◽

Explanatory Account ◽

The Way

AbstractCreativity is an important evolutionary adaptation that allows humans to think original thoughts, to find solutions to problems that have never been encountered before and to fundamentally change the way we live. One particular domain of human cognition that has received considerable attention is linguistic creativity. The present paper discusses how the leading cognitive linguistic theory, Construction Grammar, can provide an explanatory account of creativity that goes beyond the issue of linguistic productivity. At the same time, it also outlines how Construction Grammar can benefit from insights from Conceptual Blending.

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Cognitive metaphor theories in translation studies: Toward a dual-model parametric approach

Intercultural Pragmatics ◽

10.1515/ip-2021-0002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 25-52

Author(s):

Sui He

Keyword(s):

Translation Studies ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Future Research ◽

Dual Model ◽

Conceptual Blending ◽

Parametric Approach ◽

Complementary Relationship ◽

Cognitive Metaphor ◽

Metaphor Theory ◽

Two Parameters

Abstract Cognitive metaphor theory provides a systematic framework to better understand the working mechanism of metaphor. Its recent development further allows translation researchers to have a clearer insight into the movement of metaphor across languages and culture. Building on an empirical study, this paper examines the complementary relationship between two prominent cognitive metaphor theories – Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT), and discusses the practical contribution that this relationship could make to the existing research on metaphor translation. To construct a comparable basis for CMT and CBT, two parameters are adopted for data analysis, which is proven useful to serve the purpose. The two chosen parameters are: projection and provenance, denoting the content and the type of metaphor respectively. Metaphorical expressions analyzed in this paper are sourced from cosmology-themed articles published in Scientific American in 2017 and their Simplified Chinese translations published in Huanqiukexue. Findings show that delineated by the two parameters, CMT and CBT indeed share a complementary relationship owing to their different focuses and organizing mechanisms. Furthermore, the collaboration between CMT and CBT offers a well-rounded analytical framework for translation studies. In turn, the correlation between metaphor parameters and translation solutions provides detailed clues for studying metaphor across culture. Finally, the reflection of this dual-model parametric approach regarding its pros and cons is also shown to shed light on future research.

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Thinking Through Monuments: Levantine Monuments as Technologies of Community-Scale Motivated Social Cognition

Cambridge Archaeological Journal ◽

10.1017/s0959774321000020 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Timothy Hogue

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Iron Age ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Test Case ◽

Conceptual Blending ◽

Scientific Model ◽

Conceptual Integration ◽

Iron Age Levant ◽

Relational Qualities ◽

Motivated Social Cognition

This study proposes that monuments are technologies through which communities think. I draw on conceptual blending theory as articulated by Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier to argue that monuments are material anchors for conceptual integration networks. The network model highlights that monuments are embedded in specific spatial and socio-historical contexts while also emphasizing that they function relationally by engaging the imaginations of communities. An enactivist understanding of these networks helps to explain the generative power of monuments as well as how they can become dynamic and polysemic. By proposing a cognitive scientific model for such relational qualities, this approach also has the advantage of making them more easily quantifiable. I present a test case of monumental installations from the Iron Age Levant (the ceremonial plaza of Karkamiš) to develop this approach and demonstrate its explanatory power. I contend that the theory and methods introduced here can make future accounts of monuments more precise while also opening up new avenues of research into monuments as a technology of motivated social cognition that is enacted on a community-scale.

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