Aerosols and Climate Change: Present Understanding, Challenges, and Future Outlook

2018 ◽  
pp. 341-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Present Understanding

scholarly journals Current Assessment and Future Outlook for Water Resources Considering Climate Change and a Population Burst: A Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta City, Indonesia

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Yoshifumi Masago ◽  
Binaya Mishra ◽  
Shokhrukh Jalilov ◽  
Ammar Rafiei Emam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Population Burst ◽  
Current Assessment

scholarly journals Revival of Archaeal Methane Microbiology

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia U. Welte
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

ABSTRACT The methane concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is rising, and, as methane is a potent greenhouse gas, it contributes considerably to climate change. It is produced by methanogenic archaea that thrive in anoxic habitats and can be oxidized by methane-oxidizing bacteria or archaea. In this Perspective , recent innovations and discoveries in archaeal methane microbiology are discussed and a future outlook on how novel methane-metabolizing archaea might be cultivated is provided.

Unexpected effects of climate change on the predation of Antarctic petrels

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Van Franeker ◽  
Jeroen C.S. Creuwels ◽  
Willem Van Der Veer ◽  
Sam Cleland ◽  
Graham Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Catharacta Maccormicki ◽  
Fulmarine Petrels ◽  
Egg Period ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
South Polar ◽  
Antarctic Petrel

Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica on Ardery Island, Antarctica (66°S, 110°E), experienced major reductions in breeding success and breeder survival over four seasons between 1984/85 and 1996/97. In 1996 the reason was revealed. A large snowdrift covered part of the study colony on the cliffs. Southern giant petrels Macronectes giganteus, normally lacking access to this area, exploited the snow for soft ‘crash landings”. After landing they waited for the disturbed birds to resettle on their nests and then used surprise to seize and kill a victim. Predation continued into the egg period, and only stopped after the snowdrift had melted. Giant petrels showed no interest in the eggs but, during the panic caused by their activities, South Polar skuas Catharacta maccormicki took the deserted eggs. Antarctic petrel mortality due to predation within the 1996/97 season amounted to 15.4% of experienced breeders, and breeding success was reduced to virtually zero. Weather data from the nearby Casey station over the 1980–96 period showed that a significant increase in precipitation has occurred, in combination with shifts in speed and direction of winds. We conclude that the decreases in breeding success and survival in earlier seasons were also related to increased snowfall and predation. Although similar predation behaviour by giant petrels has not been reported before, we think that it is long established and explains why nesting of the smaller fulmarine petrels is limited to steeper cliffs or sheltered sites. The complexity of the response seems unlikely to be predicted by our present understanding of how climate change affects ecosystems.

scholarly journals Solastalgia, place attachment and disruption: insights from a coastal community on the front line

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Phillips ◽  
Conor Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Place Dependence ◽  
Negative Statements

AbstractWe explore how solastalgia, a concept that describes distress and inability to derive solace from one’s environment caused by disruptive environmental change, is currently being experienced by a community in southeast Ireland as they struggle to cope with place disruption through loss of a beach by coastal erosion. We analyse relationships between empirical measurements of solastalgia, place attachment and place disruption as well as their association with community outlook for the future. Results indicate that solastalgia, resulting from loss of place, is experienced by almost half of residents, especially those who have lived in the area >20 years. Seasonal variation exists for residents who experience the highest levels of solastalgia, with expression strongest in summer. We find that solastalgia is positively correlated with place attachment; those having higher levels of place attachment express stronger feelings of solastalgia and impacts to their lives due to loss of place. Place attachment is most weakly expressed through place dependence, suggesting ongoing adaptation of relationships with place. We find that solastalgia is positively correlated with negative statements regarding future outlook. However, negative outlooks are moderated for those with high levels of place attachment, despite experiencing solastalgia. Given the vulnerability of coastal environments and communities to climate change, understanding and assessing solastalgia will be critical to helping communities navigate environmental disruption.

Radiation Damage in Ceramics

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
T. E. Mitchell ◽  
M. R. Pascucci ◽  
R. A. Youngman
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Present Understanding

1. Introduction. Studies of radiation damage in ceramics are of interest not only from a fundamental point of view but also because it is important to understand the behavior of ceramics in various practical radiation enyironments- fission and fusion reactors, nuclear waste storage media, ion-implantation devices, outer space, etc. A great deal of work has been done on the spectroscopy of point defects and small defect clusters in ceramics, but relatively little has been performed on defect agglomeration using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the same kind of detail that has been so successful in metals. This article will assess our present understanding of radiation damage in ceramics with illustrations using results obtained from the authors' work.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

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