Conventional Test Methods

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selahattin Sayil
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Conventional Test

Addressing Paraffin Deposition Challenges Through New Technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saugata Gon ◽  
Christopher Russell ◽  
Kasper Koert Jan Baack ◽  
Heather Blackwood ◽  
Alfred Hase
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Mixing Condition ◽  
Cold Finger ◽  
Cold Surface ◽  
Bulk Oil ◽  
Conventional Test

Abstract Paraffin deposition is a common challenge for production facilities globally where production fluid/process surface temperature cools down and reach below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of the oil. Although chemical treatment is used widely for suitable mitigation of wax deposition, conventional test methods like cold finger often fail to recommend the right product for the field. The current study will present development of two new technologies PARA-Window and Dynamic Paraffin Deposition Cell (DPDC)to address such limitations. Large temperature gradient between bulk oil and cold surface has been identified as a major limitation of cold finger. To address this, PARA-Window has been developed to capture the paraffin deposition at a more realistic temperature gradient (5°C) between the bulk oil and surface temperature using a NIR optical probe. Absence of brine and lack of shear has been identified as another limitation of cold finger technique. DPDC has been developed to study paraffin deposition and chemical effectiveness in presence of brine. Specially designed cells are placed horizontally inside a shaker bath to achieve good mixing between oil and water for DPDC application. A prior study by Russell et al., (2019) showed the effectiveness of PARA-Window in capturing deposition phenomena of higher molecular weight paraffin chains that resemble closely to field deposits under narrow temperature gradient around WAT. Conventional test methods fail to capture meaningful product differentiation in most oils under such conditions and hence can only recommend a crystal modifier type of paraffin chemistries. PARA-Window technique can expand product selection to other type of paraffin chemistries (paraffin crystal modifiers, dispersants and solvents) as shown earlier by Russell et al., (2021). The usage of DPDC allows us to create a dynamic mixing condition inside the test cells with both oil and water under a condition similar to production pipe systems. This allows DPDC to assess water effect on paraffin chemistries (crystal modifiers and dispersants). This study presents the usage of these two new technologies to screen performance of different types of paraffin chemistries on select oils and their advantages over cold finger. The results identify how mimicking field conditions using these new technologies can capture new insights into paraffin products.

Research on Negative Skin Friction on Pile by a Simple Model Experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 693-696
Author(s):  
Ting Huang ◽  
Jin Hai Zheng ◽  
Wei Ming Gong
Keyword(s):  
Skin Friction ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Negative Skin Friction ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Surcharge Load ◽  
Conventional Test ◽  
Pile Model

Accompanied by the substantive construction of domestic ports, the negative skin friction on pile becomes a common problem. In order to provide references for the related experiment research in the future, the designs of model experiments reported in the literatures were emphatically analyzed and compared. Compared to conventional pile model test, the model test on negative skin friction on pile needs to apply load on soil surface and it is difficult to simulate large surcharge by conventional test methods. An experimental scheme which could produce large surcharge load by conventional test conditions is given in this paper. Pile stress, displacement of pile top and layered settlement of soil was tested under different surcharge level. The depth of neutral point and the group effect of NSF are discussed.

scholarly journals Deformation analysis of foundation: a case study of Bir Hospital Trauma Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Ajay Raj Adhikari ◽  
Ananta Man Singh Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Conventional Test

The rapidly increasing population in the Kathmandu valley has demanded for the construction of multi-storeyed buildings. Such structures can be vulnerable to failures as they are constructed on soft fluvio-lacustrine sediments without detailed deformation analysis of their foundation. Hence, the Bir Hospital Trauma Centre is taken here as a case study for the deformation analysis. The settlement calculated by conventional test methods (e.g., oedometer test, compressibility index, etc.) are purely one dimensional and do not represent the actual value where lateral influence s are possible. For example, the settlement reckoned from conventional methods was 41.6 mm for the stratification below 4 m depth and 24 mm for the stratification below 8 m depth. On the other hand, using a finite element method, it was 42.5 mm for the stratification below 8 m depth.

scholarly journals Review of Fiber Optic Diagnostic Techniques for Power Transformers

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janvier Sylvestre N’cho ◽  
Issouf Fofana
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Partial Discharges ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Service Interruptions ◽  
Conventional Test

Diagnostic and condition monitoring of power transformers are key actions to guarantee their safe operation. The subsequent benefits include reduced service interruptions and economic losses associated with their unavailability. Conventional test methods developed for the condition assessment of power transformers have certain limitations. To overcome such problems, fiber optic-based sensors for monitoring the condition of transformers have been developed. Flawlessly built-up fiber optic-based sensors provide online and offline assessment of various parameters like temperature, moisture, partial discharges, gas analyses, vibration, winding deformation, and oil levels, which are based on different sensing principles. In this paper a variety and assessment of different fiber optic-based diagnostic techniques for monitoring power transformers are discussed. It includes significant tutorial elements as well as some analyses.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Minitek system with conventional methods for identification of nonfermentative and oxidase-positive fermentative gram-negative bacilli

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
S Wellstood-Nuesse
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coding Manual ◽  
Conventional Test ◽  
Conventional Methods

The Minitek system was compared with conventional test methods for identifying a wide range of nonfermentative and oxidase-positive fermentative gram-negative bacilli. A total of 230 isolates representing 33 species and biotypes were tested against 12 Minitek substrates and the corresponding conventional tube media. In addition, supplementary tests were included for 141 (61.3%) of the isolates. Overall, 88% of the positive reactions agreed, and negative reactions agreed 95.5%. Anaerobic dextrose, maltose, lactose, and citrate were responsible for 62.4% of the 93 discrepant positive reactions, and 51.8% of the 83 discrepant negative reactions involved the aerobic dextrose, nitrate, and citrate disks. Some discrepancies were related to specific organisms. The system and supplementary tests correctly identified 88.3% of the isolates to species level and 92.6% to correct genus. No particular organism or substrate was responsible for misidentification errors. In a test challenge with 19 selected organisms, 3 were incorrectly identified to species and 4 were misidentified to genus level. Most of the errors responsible for these incorect identifications were due to factors other than the Minitek disks and pointed out the importance of using appropriate supplemental data, and the need for a coding manual and a more enriched broth for certain types of isolates.

Study on Energy Characterization Method of Friction Sensitivity about High-Burning Rate Solid Propellant

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 448-451
Author(s):  
Hua Chu ◽  
Ting Huang ◽  
Guo Juan Wang ◽  
Fei Ge Guo
Keyword(s):  
Burning Rate ◽  
Solid Propellant ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Conventional Test ◽  
Friction Sensitivity

The energy characterization method of friction sensitivity about high-burning rate solid propellant, which identified by 50% explosion probability was studied, and it was verified in the practical application. This method solved the problems about the conventional test methods can not be compared with similar formulations friction degree.

Using Conventional Articulation Tests With Highly Unintelligible Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela G. Garn-Nunn ◽  
Vicki Martin
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Error Sensitivity ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
Conventional Test ◽  
Impaired Children

This study explored whether or not standard administration and scoring of conventional articulation tests accurately identified children as phonologically disordered and whether or not information from these tests established severity level and programming needs. Results of standard scoring procedures from the Assessment of Phonological Processes-Revised, the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, the Photo Articulation Test, and the Weiss Comprehensive Articulation Test were compared for 20 phonologically impaired children. All tests identified the children as phonologically delayed/disordered, but the conventional tests failed to clearly and consistently differentiate varying severity levels. Conventional test results also showed limitations in error sensitivity, ease of computation for scoring procedures, and implications for remediation programming. The use of some type of rule-based analysis for phonologically impaired children is highly recommended.

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