Political Participation: Inclusion of Citizens in Democratic Opinion-forming and Decision-Making Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sylke Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The Activity of Commercial Lobbies in the Israeli Knesset During 2015–2018: Undermining or Realising the Democratic Foundations?

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Real Danger

Abstract The growth of political lobbyism in democratic countries in recent years is characteristic of Israel as well. This activity makes it possible for private and business entities to influence decision-making processes and the shaping of public policy in these countries. Side by side with its contribution to important democratic principles such as representing interests and political participation, it is also strongly criticised and said to be a real danger to democracy; due to this hazard, many countries, including Israel normally regulate this activity by means of the law. In contrast, some argue that this activity reflects one of the basic tenets of democracy, which includes freedom of occupation and equal opportunities. This study examines measures of commercial lobbying in Israel during the 20th Knesset’s term, presenting the number of lobbies, number of clients and degree of centralisation in this commercial industry and weighing the research data against democratic principles in general and Israel’s values. The research findings show an increase in Israel’s lobbyist activity during the 20th Knesset’s term (2015–2018), both with regard to the number of lobbyists and with regard to the number of clients represented by them.

scholarly journals Rekontruksi Teori Partisipasi Politik Dalam Diskursus Pemikiran Politik Negara

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Rohim Yunus ◽  
Muhammad Sholeh ◽  
Ida Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract:Community involvement in a democratic party is important and must exist, because it is a manifestation of true democracy. Citizens are directly involved in the decision-making process, implementing decisions, influencing decision-making processes, influencing government policies, including relating to active involvement and passive involvement of each individual in the hierarchy of government political systems. All this involvement is known as a form of political participation. This study wants to rebuild political participation as a basic theory in the country's political thinking. So that the relationship can be drawn between the role of community political participation and the success of democracy itself.Keywords: Participation, Politics, Democracy Abstrak:Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pesta demokrasi merupakan hal penting dan harus ada, karena ia merupakan perwujudan demokrasi yang sebenarnya. Warga negara terlibat langsung dalam proses pembuatan keputusan, melaksanakan keputusan, mempengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan, mempengaruhi kebijakan pemerintah, termasuk berkaitan dengan keterlibatan aktif maupun keterlibatan pasif setiap individu dalam hierarki sistem politik pemerintahan. Semua keterlibatan ini dikenal sebagai bentuk partisipasi politik. Penelitian ini ingin membangun kembali partisipasi politik sebagai teori dasar dalam pemikiran politik negara. Sehingga dengannya dapat ditarik benang merah antara peran partisipasi politik masyarakat dengan kesuksesan demokrasi itu sendiri.Kata Kunci: Partisipasi, Politik, Demokrasi  

Ideals and Actions: Do Citizens’ Patterns of Political Participation Correspond to their Conceptions of Democracy?

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Bengtsson ◽  
Henrik Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Political Decision Making

The interest in procedures for political decision-making has grown tremendously during recent decades. Given the intense scholarly debate and the implementation of greater opportunities for citizen participation in many democracies, there has been surprisingly little interest in citizens’ conceptions of democracy understood as their preferences concerning the processes by which the political system works. Some recent attempts do, however, suggest that it is important to expand the study of public opinion from policy output to decision-making processes, and that there are coherent patterns in citizens’ expectations of the way in which political decisions come about. What is not clear, though, is whether citizens’ different conceptions of democracy have repercussions for how they engage in politics. Using the Finnish National Election Study of 2011 (Borg and Grönlund 2011), this article explores the relationship between citizens’ conceptions of democracy and patterns of political participation. Results demonstrate a distinct association between citizens’ ideals and the actions they take.

Political participation, the Betzavta Method and the interpretation of Hegel’s concept of freedom in "Philosophy of Right"

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Patrycja Pendrakowska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Educational Method ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Philosophy Of Right ◽  
Rules Set ◽  
Fundamental Values

The aim of this essay is to confront Hegel’s political philosophy regarding ethical community and civil society with the objective of betzavta, which is an educational method promoting democratic decision-making processes. The concepts of freedom and ethical community were strongly present in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right and later on discussed by Zbigniew Pelczynski (1971, 1984a, 1984b), ShlomoAvineri (1972), Charles Taylor (1979) and Marek Siemek (1995,1998). This article reconstructs these Hegelian conceptsbased on their liberalinterpretations andconfrontsthem with contemporary challenges related to minority rights, conflict of values, decision-making processes and political participationin relation to the experiences gained during thebetzavta workshops.The main problem defined is the question whether it’s possible to reach a consensus in a given society that would conclude with the establishment of ethical community. The general assumption of this article is that because of the impossibility to obtain a consensus on fundamental values (lack of compromise on same-sex marriage or abortion), an ethical community that would secure both particular and public freedom cannot be reached. The clash between subjective and objective freedom can be perceived through the lenses of the classical problem of a tyranny of majority, where minorities are pushed towards a submissive compromise with the rules set by the majority. An experience of theBetzavta Method will also be included in the general reflections on the essence of freedom in political participation and the silent presence of certain members in decision taking-processes. null

Cognitive Processing of Miscommunication in Interactive Listening: An Evaluation of Listener Indecision and Cognitive Effort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Laura M. Morett
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Computer Mouse Tracking ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Processing Effort

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.

“It's Not Humanly Possible to Do Everything”: Perspectives on Intervention Decision-Making Processes of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinn Finke ◽  
Kathryn Drager ◽  
Elizabeth C. Serpentine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Interview Methodology ◽  
Communication Interventions

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to understand the decision-making processes used by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related to communication-based interventions. Method Qualitative interview methodology was used. Data were gathered through interviews. Each parent had a child with ASD who was at least four-years-old; lived with their child with ASD; had a child with ASD without functional speech for communication; and used at least two different communication interventions. Results Parents considered several sources of information for learning about interventions and provided various reasons to initiate and discontinue a communication intervention. Parents also discussed challenges introduced once opinions of the school individualized education program (IEP) team had to be considered. Conclusions Parents of children with ASD primarily use individual decision-making processes to select interventions. This discrepancy speaks to the need for parents and professionals to share a common “language” about interventions and the decision-making process.

Training rapid decision-making processes required by the dismounted objective force leader

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Christ ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Jared T. Freeman ◽  
Rick Archer ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes
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