Underutilized Vegetables: A Tool to Address Nutritional Issues, Poverty Reduction and Food Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yasin Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Munir Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Poverty Reduction

scholarly journals Food Security and COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the First-Year Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5294
Author(s):  
Boglárka Anna Éliás ◽  
Attila Jámbor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Structural Problem ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Low Income Households

For decades, global food security has not been able to address the structural problem of economic access to food, resulting in a recent increase in the number of undernourished people from 2014. In addition, the FAO estimates that the number of undernourished people drastically increased by 82–132 million people in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To alleviate this dramatic growth in food insecurity, it is necessary to understand the nature of the increase in the number of malnourished during the pandemic. In order to address this, we gathered and synthesized food-security-related empirical results from the first year of the pandemic in a systematic review. The vast majority (78%) of the 51 included articles reported household food insecurity has increased (access, utilization) and/or disruption to food production (availability) was a result of households having persistently low income and not having an adequate amount of savings. These households could not afford the same quality and/or quantity of food, and a demand shortfall immediately appeared on the producer side. Producers thus had to deal not only with the direct consequences of government measures (disruption in labor flow, lack of demand of the catering sector, etc.) but also with a decline in consumption from low-income households. We conclude that the factor that most negatively affects food security during the COVID-19 pandemic is the same as the deepest structural problem of global food security: low income. Therefore, we argue that there is no need for new global food security objectives, but there is a need for an even stronger emphasis on poverty reduction and raising the wages of low-income households. This structural adjustment is the most fundamental step to recover from the COVID-19 food crises, and to avoid possible future food security crises.

scholarly journals FINANCING SMALL FARMERS FOR INDIA’S FOOD SECURITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 196-212
Author(s):  
Amrit Patel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Holding ◽  
Average Size

According to the Global Hunger Report, India continues to be among nations where hunger is "alarming". It is most disappointing that despite high economic growth, the hunger index in India between 1996 and 2011 has insignificantly improved from 22.9 to 23.7. National Sample Survey Organization data revealed that the average per capita food expenditure per annum during the period from 1993 to 2010 increased only by 0.2 % annually in rural India and declined by 0.1% in the urban areas. At any given point of time, the cereal intake of the bottom 20% people in rural India which is engaged more in manual work continues to be at least 20% less than the cereal intake of the top decile of the population, despite their better access to fruit, vegetables and meat products. Endemic hunger continues to afflict a large proportion of the population. Agricultural Census [2010–11] revealed that out of 138.35 million operational holdings in India as high as 85% (which account for 44.6% of the total cultivated area) are small and marginal farmers [S&MFs] owning less than two hectares. This, therefore, characterises India’s agriculture a small-scale-farming. Average size of small-holding is only 0.61 hectare whereas overall average size of holdings declined from 1.33 ha in 2000–01 to 1.15 in 2010–11.The role of S&MFs in boosting food output and reduction of poverty is well recognized. Therefore, the future of sustainable agricultural growth, food security and poverty reduction in India depends on creating environment that enables huge number of S&MFs to easy, hassle-free and reliable access to institutional credit. Against this background, this article analyses the performance of Government–sponsored and Banks programs aimed at financing S&MFs and suggest enabling measures to achieve 8% target of credit to S&MFs within existing 18% credit to agriculture by 2017 as recently prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India [RBI].

scholarly journals DIVERGENT CHANGES IN THE FOOD SECTOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Iryna Ivashchuk ◽  
Iryna Karp
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Price Differentiation ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse and evaluate divergent changes in the food sector of Ukraine and other countries, taking into account the challenges of the environmental environment. Methodology of research. The following research methods are used to achieve this goal: theoretical synthesis, analysis, abstract and logical – to reveal the relationship of the global food crisis in the context of achieving food security goals; interpretation and comparison – to determine the prospects for improving food security; tabular and graphical – for a visual representation of food security in the world. Finding. It has been established that food security is an objective necessity for human development. Its provision is a guarantee of regular access of the population to high-quality food necessary for leading an active and healthy life. There has been an increase in food insecurity in many countries around the world, which was especially acute during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking into account the analysed indicators of food security, reserves have been identified for improving the growth of food security in the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine and the world. Originality. A cumulative interrelated analysis of pandemic and post-pandemic poverty growth, declining profitability, and price differentiation in food security has been conducted. The assessment of divergent changes in the food sector of Ukraine and other countries is carried out taking into account the challenges of the environmental environment. Practical value. The results of the study on food security can be used in the management of the economy and the agro-industrial sector as one of the goals of sustainable development. Key words: food security, pandemic, poverty, reduction of profitability, strategic development goals, global environment, food security indicators, consumer price index.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Women Farmer Activity on Poverty Reduction and Food Security: A Case of Kindia Region/Guinea

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Moussa ◽  
Yali Wen ◽  
Hongmei Wu ◽  
Mory Diakite ◽  
Kampungu K Gerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Poverty Reduction

scholarly journals Capital Structure and Its Role on Performance of Microfinance Institutions: The Ugandan Case

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruna Sekabira
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Share Capital ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Promising Tool

<p>Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) rejuvenate economic prowess in developing countries, after severe shocks like wars, droughts and floods. MFIs are a promising tool to tackle poverty and improve food security. Sustainability of MFIs based on their capital structure ensures sustainability in poverty reduction and improved food security. The limited literature on the impacts of capital structures on MFI performance necessitated the study. Panel data from 14 MFIs was collected based on availability and accessibility. The sources of data were financial and income statements covering five years. Econometric analysis using STATA software was done following methodologies of Bogan and Rosenberg. MFIs lent to both individuals and groups and 79% were not regulated by the Central Bank, 86% had their funding sources as loans, grants, excluding deposits/savings and 73% attained operational self-sufficiency. Debt and grants were negatively correlated to operational and financial sustainability. When sustainability was more constricted to financial sustainability, debt and share capital remained noteworthy. Other than grants, debt was paid back on competitive market interest rates most especially debts from money lenders, whereas share capital fetched in revenues to the MFIs at market interest rates from the borrowers. Grants and debt had a substantialdamagingconsequence on MFI performance. Capital structure was essential in MFIs’ sustainability. MFI specific characteristics, like management were also important. Subject to sampling uncertainties, the results indicate that adding to regulation by Central Bank, MFIs must specialize their lending to reduce portfolio at risk. MFIs must reduce dependence on debts and grants and resort to accumulating share capital for long-term sustainability.</p>

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