Building an Early Life Exposome by Integrating Multiple Birth Cohorts: HELIX

2018 ◽  
pp. 393-404
Author(s):  
Martine Vrijheid ◽  
Lea Maitre
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Birth Cohorts

Archival Big Data and the Spanish Flu in Copenhagen

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Abildgren
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
One Year

Purpose The Spanish Flu 1918–1920 saw a high degree of excess mortality among young and healthy adults. The purpose of this paper is a further exploration of the hypothesis that high mortality risk during The Spanish Flu in Copenhagen was associated with early life exposure to The Russian Flu 1889–1892. Design/methodology/approach Based on 37,000 individual-level death records in a new unique database from The Copenhagen City Archives combined with approximate cohort-specific population totals interpolated from official censuses of population, the author compiles monthly time series on all-cause mortality rates 1916–1922 in Copenhagen by gender and one-year birth cohorts. The author then analyses birth cohort effects on mortality risk during The Spanish Flu using regression analysis. Findings The author finds support for hypotheses relating early life exposure to The Russian Flu to mortality risk during The Spanish Flu. Some indications of possible gender heterogeneity during the first wave of The Spanish Flu – not found in previous studies – should be a topic for future research based on data from other countries. Originality/value Due to lack of individual-level death records with exact dates of birth and death, previous studies on The Spanish Flu in Denmark and many other countries have relied on data with lower birth cohort resolutions than the one-year birth cohorts used in this study. The analysis in this paper illustrates how archival Big Data can be used to gain new insights in studies on historical pandemics.

scholarly journals 1459Socioeconomic position influence on the early-life individual exposome in the Italian NINFEA birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Pizzi ◽  
Chiara Moccia ◽  
Giovenale Moirano ◽  
Antonio d'Errico ◽  
Milena Maule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Exposure Pattern

Abstract Background Early exposure to unhealthy lifestyles and environmental risk factors is known to affect health throughout the life-course. There is also evidence that the exposure patterns are influenced by the socioeconomic position (SEP). Methods We use the data of the Turin participants of the Italian NINFEA birth cohort (n∼2500) to study how family SEP drives the early life exposome. SEP at birth is measured through the EHII (Equivalized Household Income Indicator), while the exposome includes urban environment, diet and lifestyle exposures measured during infancy. We use standard regression models to evaluate the effect of EHII on each exposome variable accounting for multiple comparison and potential confounders (Drivers-Exposome Wide Association Study – DExWAS) and the hierarchical clustering on the principal components approach to identify groups with similar exposure pattern. Results The DExWAS show that low EHII is associated with lower consumption of fruit and vegetables, lower levels of NO2, building and facilities densities, traffic, walkability and connectivity index, higher land-use diversity index, and higher exposure to pets. The hierarchical cluster analysis identifies three groups, with subjects belonging to the cluster characterized by higher level of urban environment risk factors and a healthier diet having a higher mean EHII. Conclusions These SEP-early life exposome analyses will be replicated in several European birth cohorts participating in the H2020 ATHLETE and LifeCycle projects. Key messages In the Italian city of Turin children from low SEP family are exposed to higher levels of environmental risk factors and unhealthy lifestyles during infancy.

Early-life Predictors of Human Longevity: Analysis of the XIXth Century Birth Cohorts

2003 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Gavrilova ◽  
Leonid A. Gavrilov ◽  
Galina N. Evdokushkina ◽  
Victoria G. Semyonova
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Xixth Century

scholarly journals Determinants of Influenza Mortality Trends: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Influenza Mortality in the United States, 1959–2016

Demography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1723-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Acosta ◽  
Stacey A. Hallman ◽  
Lisa Y. Dillon ◽  
Nadine Ouellette ◽  
Robert Bourbeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Early Life Exposure

Abstract This study examines the roles of age, period, and cohort in influenza mortality trends over the years 1959–2016 in the United States. First, we use Lexis surfaces based on Serfling models to highlight influenza mortality patterns as well as to identify lingering effects of early-life exposure to specific influenza virus subtypes (e.g., H1N1, H3N2). Second, we use age-period-cohort (APC) methods to explore APC linear trends and identify changes in the slope of these trends (contrasts). Our analyses reveal a series of breakpoints where the magnitude and direction of birth cohort trends significantly change, mostly corresponding to years in which important antigenic drifts or shifts took place (i.e., 1947, 1957, 1968, and 1978). Whereas child, youth, and adult influenza mortality appear to be influenced by a combination of cohort- and period-specific factors, reflecting the interaction between the antigenic experience of the population and the evolution of the influenza virus itself, mortality patterns of the elderly appear to be molded by broader cohort factors. The latter would reflect the processes of physiological capital improvement in successive birth cohorts through secular changes in early-life conditions. Antigenic imprinting, cohort morbidity phenotype, and other mechanisms that can generate the observed cohort effects, including the baby boom, are discussed.

scholarly journals The changing contribution of childhood social characteristics to mortality: a comparison of Finnish cohorts born in 1936–50 and 1961–75

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 896-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Martikainen ◽  
Irma Elo ◽  
Lasse Tarkiainen ◽  
Janne Mikkonen ◽  
Mikko Myrskylä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
External Causes

Abstract Background Life course epidemiology suggests that early life circumstances affect adult mortality, but most of the evidence is based on cohorts born in the beginning of the 20th century. It remains unclear whether and how the influences of early life circumstances on mortality have changed in later birth cohorts. Methods Analyses rely on 10% register-based samples of households drawn from the 1950 and the 1975 Finnish censuses, with consistent follow-up of socioeconomic and housing-related characteristics and early mid-life mortality (at ages 30–55 years). We estimate survival models for the associations between childhood circumstances and all-cause, internal and external mortality for cohorts born in 1936–50 and 1961–75 adjusting for attained social characteristics. We estimate sibling intraclass correlations as summary measures of all early life and familial influences. Results Adverse childhood social circumstances were typically associated with about 10–30% excess cause-specific mortality. These associations were almost fully attenuated by adjustment for achieved later life social characteristics. Early life influences have grown over time for mortality from external causes, particularly as related to home ownership and family type. Differentials have remained stable for internal causes. The intraclass correlations further confirmed the increasing association of early life circumstances on external-cause mortality. Conclusions Our analyses show that the associations between childhood characteristics and mid-life mortality are substantial and almost fully mediated by achieved adult social characteristics. The increase in the contribution of childhood circumstances to mid-life mortality is driven by ever stronger associations with external causes of death.

Early-life exposure to air pollution and lung function development into adolescence: the GINIplus/LISA birth cohorts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Iana Markevych ◽  
Dietrich Berdel ◽  
Andrea Berg ◽  
Monika Gappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Early Life Exposure

Early Life Determinants of Sedentary Time in Three Birth Cohorts from Pelotas, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
Inácio CM da Silva ◽  
Grégore I. Mielke ◽  
Jonathan C. Wells ◽  
Pedro C. Hallal
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Birth Cohorts

scholarly journals Distribution of Glycated Haemoglobin According to Early-Life and Contemporary Characteristics in Adolescents and Adults without Diabetes: The 1982 and 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohorts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0162614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Buffarini ◽  
María Clara Restrepo-Méndez ◽  
Vera M. Silveira ◽  
Jaime J. Miranda ◽  
Helen D. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

scholarly journals Patterns of growth in childhood in relation to adult schooling attainment and IQ in 6 birth cohorts in low and middle-income countries: evidence from COHORTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia E Poveda ◽  
Fernando P Hartwig ◽  
Cesar G Victora ◽  
Linda S Adair ◽  
Fernando C Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
School Attainment

SummaryBackgroundGrowth faltering has been associated with poor intellectual performance. The relative strengths of associations between growth in early and in later childhood remain underexplored. We examined the association between growth in childhood and adolescence and adult human capital in five low- or middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe analyzed data from six prospective birth cohorts of five LMICs (Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa). We assessed the associations of measures of height and relative weight at four ages (birth, at around age 2 years, mid-childhood (MC), adulthood), with two dimension of adult human capital (schooling attainment and IQ).FindingsIn site- and sex-pooled analyses, size at birth and linear growth from birth to around 2 years of age were positively associated with schooling attainment and adult IQ. Linear growth from age 2 years to MC and from MC to adulthood was not associated with higher school attainment or IQ. Change in relative weight in early childhood was not associated with either outcome. Relative weight in MC and in adulthood were inversely associated with schooling attainment but were not associated with adult IQ.InterpretationLinear growth in the first 1,000 days is a predictor of schooling attainment and IQ in adulthood in LMICs. Linear growth in later periods was not associated with either of these outcomes. Changes in relative weight had inconsistent association with schooling and IQ in adulthood.FundingBill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1164115)Research in contextEvidence before this studyEarly life growth faltering has been associated with poor cognitive and intellectual performance in childhood and poorer schooling outcomes in children and adults. There is a paucity of data about how growth in specific age intervals over the course of childhood and adolescence relates to attained schooling and adult cognitive performance.We conducted a literature search using the terms (growth [Title/Abstract]) AND ((school [Title/Abstract] OR schooling [Title/Abstract]) AND (intelligence [Title/Abstract] OR IQ [Title/Abstract]) OR (human capital [Title/Abstract]) in Pubmed. The search yielded 536 publications from 1965 to 2020. We screened titles and selected 31 publications that included linear growth and our outcomes of interest, namely school attainment and intelligence quotient (IQ). Additionally, we checked reference lists of selected articles and identified eleven papers that were not displayed in the initial electronic query. We therefore reviewed 42 abstracts and identified 24 unique studies conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Fourteen of them investigated the association of birth size and/or early-life size with schooling or IQ, or with both outcomes during childhood. Three studies investigated the association between linear growth in early childhood and schooling and intelligence in adults, one studied the association between early-life undernutrition and IQ in early adulthood and another six publications investigated the association between growth and school attainment in adults. Economists have also studied the relationship between stunting or linear growth and schooling in LMICs, but to our knowledge not the relative importance of growth during specific age intervals.Added value of this studyThis is an analysis of the associations between child and adolescent growth and two dimensions of human capital (schooling attainment and IQ) in adulthood in six birth cohorts from five LMICs. The evidence of long-term associations of linear growth with adult IQ is scarce and the few published studies have analyzed data from a single country. In the present study, we found that size at birth and linear growth from birth to around 2 years of age were positively associated with both schooling and IQ in adulthood. Linear growth between early and mid-childhood (MC)was not associated with higher school attainment or IQ in adjusted models. Linear growth from MC to adulthood was not associated with IQ in men or women, and was inversely associated with schooling attainment in women only. Change in relative weight in early childhood was positively associated with schooling attainment only in minimally adjusted models. Relative weight measures in MC and adulthood were inversely associated with schooling attainment. Change in relative weight between MC and adulthood was not associated with adult IQ.Implications of all the available evidenceWe confirmed in multiple cohorts that birth size and linear growth from birth to age 2 years are predictors of schooling attainment and adult IQ. Linear growth in early life was the strongest predictor of these two human capital dimensions in adulthood among individuals in LMICs. We did not find evidence that supports the notion that linear growth in adolescence contributes to a better cognitive performance in adulthood. Thus, our results inform the more effective timing of nutritional and other interventions to improve linear growth and human capital in the long-term.

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