Firm Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Price Control Regulation

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-194
Author(s):  
Ajay Bhaskarabhatla
Keyword(s):  
Price Control ◽  
Firm Strategies ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
The Impact

Standards, Patents and Mobile Phones

2010 ◽  
pp. 235-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Bekkers ◽  
Joel West
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Policy Effectiveness ◽  
Firm Strategies ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Ipr Policy ◽  
The Impact

The impact of patents and patent royalties are a major concern of standards setting organisations. Here we examine the patents filed in the UMTS 3rd generation mobile phone standard, governed by the ETSI IPR policy in response to patent issues faced during the earlier GSM standardization. We contrast firm strategies and policy effectiveness between the GSM and UTMS efforts, and review the potential impact of potential changes to the ETSI IPR policy.

Wartime Rationing and Governmental Organization

1945 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Price Control ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Control Distribution ◽  
The Impact

Prior to Pearl Harbor, few Americans had given any serious and sustained thought to rationing as a form of wartime economic control. The United States was felt to be a land of chronic surplus in which rationing had no place. To be sure, certain industrial raw materials had become scarce under the impact of the defense program early in 1941, and had been subjected to priorities control by the Office of Production Management. But rationing of consumers' goods was not taken very seriously. Mr. Ickes' East Coast gasoline “shortage” of the late summer and early fall of 1941 had evaporated quickly. There were, of course, a few bright young men in the back rooms of Leon Henderson's O.P.A. who knew that strict wartime price control of consumers' goods would eventually necessitate rationing, price increases not being permitted to control distribution of relatively scarce goods. But even in the O.P.A. the immediate pressure of other duties, principally the control of prices of basic raw materials and the preparation of a price control act then being considered by Congress, prevented the creation of any real rationing organization. Pearl Harbor found the United States with no rationing plans, no rationing organization, and no real appreciation of the indispensability of rationing in a genuine all-out war effort.

scholarly journals The impact of China's retail drug price control policy on hospital expenditures: a case study in two Shandong hospitals

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyue Meng ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Lynn Silver ◽  
Xiaojie Sun ◽  
Clas Rehnberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Price ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Price Control ◽  
Hospital Expenditures ◽  
The Impact

The Global Pharmaceutical Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart O. Schweitzer ◽  
Z. John Lu
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Price Control ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the supply of pharmaceuticals worldwide, including production and sales, R&D, traditional medicines, and international trade. Worldwide consolidation of drug manufacturers, a trend dating back to the early 1990s, will also be examined. The discussion focuses on the unique characteristics of the industry in several key regions and countries, including the Europe Union, China, Japan, India, and Brazil. This chapter also looks at the impact of government price control on pharmaceutical R&D in Canada and Australia. Issues regarding access to innovative medicines in developing nations, including possible causes and recommended solutions, are covered at the end of chapter.

Price Control Regulation in North America: Role of Indexing and Benchmarking

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Mark N. Lowry ◽  
Lullit Getachew
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Price Control ◽  
Control Regulation

scholarly journals The Impact Of Direct Price Control On Pharmaceutical Prices In Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. A19-A20
Author(s):  
O. Mohamed ◽  
D. Kreling
Keyword(s):  
Price Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Prices

scholarly journals Does price regulation affect atorvastatin sales in India? An impact assessment through interrupted time series analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e024200
Author(s):  
Sakthivel Selvaraj ◽  
Habib Hasan Farooqui ◽  
Aashna Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Drug Price ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Price Control ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the impact of medicines price regulation (Drug Price Control Order, 2013) on the market share of atorvastatin in the Indian retail market for statins.SettingAll Indian states, January 2012 to December 2015.DesignQuasi-experimental—interrupted time series analysis.DataPharmaceutical sales audit data set from IMS Health (now IQVIA) for the 48-month period from January 2012 to December 2015.Outcome measureShare of atorvastatin (in percentage) in the Indian market for statins in terms of sales volumes.ResultsWe observed that the price regulation notification (Drug Price Control Orders, 2013) was associated with 0.12% (p<0.001; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.18) increase in the trend of the average monthly market share of atorvastatin (5 mg and 10 mg). After 31 months of price ceilings notification, the average market share of atorvastatin was 3.41% higher than would have been expected had the price ceilings not been notified. In sensitivity analysis, with a control, our findings remain robust, we observed a 0.16% (p<0.001; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.24) rise in the trend of average monthly market share of atorvastatin (5 mg and 10 mg) as compared with the change in the control.ConclusionsPrice control as a public intervention did improve the relative sales of atorvastatin in the statin market in India.

scholarly journals Drug price control order: the impact on pharmacoeconomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Suchi M. Shah ◽  
Anil P. Singh ◽  
Parth K. Vachhani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Drug Price ◽  
Price Control ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Background: The objective of the present study was to analyze the prices of metformin, losartan, atorvastatin, paracetamol and aspirin for the doses which are included in the list of Drug Price Control Order (DPCO) 2013.Methods: Current index medical specialties India, 37th year, April-July 2015 issue was used for analysis. The retail prices of the drugs in INR were tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel 2013. The prices of the above listed drugs were compared with prices of DPCO 2013 for the same doses of drugs. The analysis of drugs costing more than the prices listed in the DPCO with the margin of the difference in percentage was carried out.Results: Out of 25 brands of metformin 500 mg tablet, 11 (44%) brands had price higher than listed in DPCO 2013. Similarly, prices for losartan 25 mg and 50 mg tablets, 8 (25%) out of 32 and 11 (31.42%) out of 35 were higher respectively. For atorvastatin 5 mg and 10 mg tablets, 2 (9.52%) out of 21 and 8 (13.55%) out of 59 brands had higher prices. For paracetamol 500 mg tablet, 12 (63.15%) out of 19 brands were priced higher than DPCO list. For aspirin 100 mg tablet and 325 mg tablet, 3 (100%) out of 3 brands and 1 (100%) out of 1 brand had higher prices.Conclusions: Many of the brand formulations have higher prices than the DPCO 2013 issued by government of India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these brand formulations to reduce the cost of the drug therapy.

scholarly journals Environmental regulation, green innovation, and international competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in China: From the perspective of heterogeneous regulatory tools

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249169
Author(s):  
Yuanhong Hu ◽  
Sheng Sun ◽  
Yixin Dai
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

Based on combined data from the China Patent Database, China Industrial Enterprise Database, and China Customs Import and Export Database for the period 2004–2010, this study investigates the impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the export technological sophistication of manufacturing enterprises. Given deepening international market segmentation of production and the increasing proportion of intermediate trade, and compared with the traditional method based on exports, the export technological sophistication calculated here, based on value-added, is closer to the true level. Since there has been no in-depth comparative study on the relationship between heterogeneous environmental regulation and export technological sophistication, this study fills the gap. The results show that all three regulation types bear a U-shaped impact on export technological sophistication. Command-control regulation exhibits a restraining effect on mixed trade, eastern, and foreign-funded enterprises. Market-incentive regulation promotes processing and mixed trade enterprises as well as domestic and foreign-funded enterprises. Voluntary-participation regulation promotes all enterprises with different trade patterns and ownership. The mechanism analysis shows that command-control and market-participation environmental regulations affect export technological sophistication through the green invention and green utility innovation channels, while, additionally, market-incentive environmental regulation affects export technological sophistication through the green design innovation channel. Considering the environmental governance issues, the policy implications for enhancing the entire industrial chain and enterprises’ export competitiveness are clear. Due to the unclear functions and powers of competent departments and a rigid threshold, command-control regulation is not conducive to cleaner production technology and the promotion of enterprises’ export competitiveness; it should thus be discouraged. Although both market-incentive and voluntary-participation regulations have promoted cleaner production technology and enterprises’ competitiveness significantly, the environmental tax system requires continuous improvement. The government should continue to raise public involvement in environmental protection to enrich the channels and forms of environmental management.

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