Anterior Chamber Tap and Aqueous Humor Analysis

Author(s):  
Uwe Pleyer ◽  
Justus G. Garweg
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuat Yavrum ◽  
Ufuk Elgin ◽  
Zeynep Adiyaman Kocer ◽  
Vildan Fidanci ◽  
Emine Sen

Abstract Background To compare the aqueous humor (AH) and the serum clusterin levels of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with each other and with an age- and sex-matched control group. Methods This prospective, cross-sectionalstudy evaluated 92 eyes from 92 adult cases of uncomplicated phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The cases were divided into PEX, PEXG, POAG, and control groups. Serum samples were taken from the antecubital vein just before the surgery, and the AH samples were aspirated at the beginning of the surgery. Kruskal-Wallis H, One-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni correction and Chi-Square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results The serum clusterin levels were the highest in the PEXG group, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (p=0.633). The mean AH clusterin levels were 286.79±29.64 μg/mL in the PEXG group, 263.92±31.70 μg/mL in the PEX group, 272.59±49.71 μg/mL in the POAG group, and 193.50±62.38 μg/mL in the control group (p< 0.001). This came out to be 1.48 times increase for the PEXG group, 1.36 for the PEX group, and 1.41 for the POAG group when compared with the control subjects. Conclusions A higher level of clusterin in the anterior chamber was found to be associated with PEX and PEXG. In addition, a high level of anterior chamber clusterin in POAG, which is a new finding, showed that this molecule might be important not only in pseudoexfoliation, but also other types of glaucoma like POAG.


2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantale L. Pinard ◽  
Dominique Gauvin ◽  
Maxim Moreau ◽  
Johanne Martel-Pelletier ◽  
Jean-Pierre Pelletier ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Hue ◽  
Marc Doat ◽  
Gilles Renard ◽  
Marie-Laure Brandely ◽  
François Chast

Purpose. To report a case of microbial keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with a combination of acetazolamide and ceftazidime.Methods. Case report.Results. We report the case of a 17-year-old contact lens-wearing female who developed severe keratitis due toPseudomonas aeruginosatemporarily healed with topical fortified antibiotic eye drops. After few days, the patient relapsed, and topical and intravenous ceftazidime were added. Concomitantly, oral administration of acetazolamide was prescribed. This carbonic anhydrase inhibitor was added to the antibiotic regimen in order to decrease the anterior chamber pH, and then, the ceftazidime ionization. By lowering the state of ionization of the antibiotic in the aqueous humor, its concentration was increased. This was confirmed by an improvement of the patient within few days and a rapid eradication of the infection.Conclusion. This is the first reported case of keratitis caused byP. aeruginosasuccessfully treated using acetazolamide as an enhancer of ceftazidime effectiveness.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan P Upadhyay ◽  
Bharat R Shrestha

In 1975, our team encountered several cases of severe inflammatory eye disease presenting as a white pupil in a red eye with rapid loss of vision. The eyes became soft within a few days with shallow anterior chamber which we called “Malignant Hypotension” in view of the latter’s sinister significance. Unilaterally, little or no pain, predominantly affecting children and difficulty in dilating the pupil and keeping it dilated were some of the other important features. Posterior segment was not visible due to massive exudation in vitreous. Microbiological investigations of aqueous humor did not retrieve any bacterial or fungal organisms. All eyes became pthisical in few weeks despite treatment with topical and subconjunctival antibiotics and steroids. Similar cases appeared again after two years in 1977 with identical presentation and outcome. Both out breaks began during September and lasted until about January- the next year. 


Physiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Llobet ◽  
Xavier Gasull ◽  
Arcadi Gual

The trabecular meshwork is a tissue located in the anterior chamber angle of the eye, and it is a crucial determinant of intraocular pressure values because of its resistance to the evacuation of aqueous humor from the eye. Here we bring together classical and recent discoveries on the function of the trabecular meshwork, keys to understanding eye pathophysiology.


Author(s):  
И. К. Намазова ◽  
Г. Т. Саилова ◽  
С. Р. Меджидова ◽  
А. Р. Салманова

Исследованы изменения провоспалительных цитокинов - IL -1βи TNF -α во влаге передней камеры и в сыворотке крови до хирургического лечения катаракты у 81 пациента (на 81 глазу) с катарактой. Из них у 46 пациентов был верифицирован диагноз псевдоэксфолиативного синдрома (ПЭС), оценена степень выраженности дистрофических изменений, отложений псевдоэксфолиативного материала (основная группа). 35 пациентов без ПЭС были включены в контрольную группу. По совокупной оценке результатов биомикроскопии и ультразвуковой биомикроскопии структур глаза было выделено три стадии развития ПЭС: I - 11 (23,91%) глаз (на одном глазу у 11 пациентов, так как к операции готовился один глаз), II - 20 (43,48%), III - 15 (32,61%). Воспалительные осложнения после неосложненной хирургической терапии катаракты имелись у 17,39% пациентов на глазах с ПЭС, из них у 13,04% - при II стадии ПЭС, у 4,35% - при III стадии ПЭС. На глазах пациентов с ПЭС I стадии и в контрольной группе осложнений не было. Результаты исследования IL -1β, TNF -α в сыворотке крови, во влаге передней камеры выявили значимые различия показателей у пациентов с ПЭС в сравнении с лицами без него в зависимости от стадии. У пациентов с ПЭС соматические патологии выявлены в 2 раза чаще, а повышенные концентрации IL -1β, TNF -α при ПЭС подтверждают мнение, что его следует рассматривать как возрастную патологию органа зрения. Таким образом, снижение с возрастом компенсаторных возможностей организма, набор хронической возрастной патологии формируют возрастные изменения структур, в том числе патогенетические механизмы ПЭС, фон хирургического лечения пациентов старшего возраста, в известной мере предопределяя характер и особенности послеоперационного периода, возможных осложнений. There have been studied changes of proinfl ammatory cytokines, IL -1β and TNF -α, in anterior chamber aqueous humor and in blood serum before cataract surgery in 81 patients with cataract. Of these, 46 patients had verified diagnosis of pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PEХ) of varying degree of manifestation of dystrophic changes and deposits of pseudoexfoliative material (main group). In 35 patients, PES (comparison group) has not been detected. 2-stage biomicroscopy (with a narrow pupil, after tonometry with mydriasis) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) have been conducted. According to the results of biomicroscopy and UBM structures of the eye, 3 stages of development of PEX have been identified: I - 11 (23,91 %), II - 20 (43,48 %), III - 15 (32,61 %). Inflammatory complications after cataract surgery have been in 17,39 % of eyes with PEХ, of which PEX Stage II in 13,04 % and PEХ Stage III in 4,35 %. There have been no complications in the eyes with PEX Stage I and without PEX. In comparison with patients without PEX, significant differences in the indicators of IL -1β and TNF -α both in the blood serum and in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber of patients with PEX have been found. In particular, there have been confi rmed significant differences of indicators depending on the stage of development of changes during PEX. At the same time, higher concentrations of IL -1β and TNF -α during PEX, as well as somatic pathologies in patients with PES occurring 2 times more often, confirm the opinion that PEX should be considered as pathology of the organ of vision. Thus, decrease in the compensatory abilities of the body with age and a set of chronic age-related pathology form the pathogenetic mechanisms of PEX, including age-related changes in structures and surgery background in older patients, to a certain extent predetermining the nature and features of the postoperative period and possible complications.


Author(s):  
Sara Jouzdani ◽  
Rouzbeh Amini ◽  
Victor H. Barocas

The aqueous humor (AH) provides oxygen and nutrients for the avascular ocular tissue specifically, the cornea and lens. AH is secreted by the ciliary body into the posterior chamber, passes through pupil, and drains into the anterior chamber (Fig. 1a). Resistance to the aqueous outflow generates the intraocular pressure (IOP), which is 15–20 mmHg in the normal eyes.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yoshida ◽  
Hiroto Obata ◽  
Hidetoshi Kawashima

We report an 83-year-old immune-competent female with unilateral endophthalmitis extraordinarily caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Since she was suspected of suffering possible bacterial endophthalmitis, she was referred to our hospital. At the first visit, hypopyon in the anterior chamber and the opacity of vitreous body were observed in the left eye. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the left eye was counting fingers and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20 mmHg. Bacterial and fungus culture of the aqueous humor revealed no infection. However, the density of corneal endothelial cell was less than the measurable range and CMV was detected by PCR of the aqueous humor. She was immune-competent and the data indicated neither systemic infections nor diseases. Systemic valganciclovir and corticosteroid were administered. After that, hypopyon in the anterior chamber and the opacity of vitreous body of the left eye were improved, and the BCVA of the left eye was 20/200 one year after the first visit. However, the inflammation of the anterior chamber recurred accompanied by elevated IOP after the discontinuance of administering valganciclovir. CMV-induced uveitis accompanied with hypopyon is quite rare. Therefore, it can be easily misdiagnosed as bacterial endophthalmitis.


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