Medical Safety Issues Concerning the Use of Incoherent Infrared Light in Biometrics

Legal and medical safety issues of epidural analgesia for labor. Experience in Vinnytsia region

EMERGENCY MEDICINE ◽

10.22141/2224-0586.3.98.2019.165485 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (3.98) ◽

pp. 89-97

Author(s):

N.V. Titarenko ◽

O.I. Datsyuk ◽

G.V. Bevz ◽

O.V. Serhiychuk ◽

D.S. Papishev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidural Analgesia ◽

Medical Safety ◽

Safety Issues

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Safety Issues and Infrared Light

Gaze Interaction and Applications of Eye Tracking ◽

10.4018/978-1-61350-098-9.ch023 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 336-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fiona Mulvey ◽

Arantxa Villanueva ◽

David Sliney ◽

Robert Lange ◽

Michael Donegan

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Light Sources ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

Tracking Systems ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Test House ◽

Ir Light

Infrared light is the most common choice for illumination of the eye in current eye trackers, usually produced via IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This chapter provides an overview of the potential hazards of over-exposure to infrared light, the safety standards currently in place, configurations and lighting conditions employed by various eye tracking systems, the basics of measurement of IR light sources in eye trackers, and special considerations associated with continuous exposure in the case of gaze control for communication and disabled users. It should be emphasised that any eye tracker intended for production should undergo testing by qualified professionals at a recognised test house, in a controlled laboratory setting. However, some knowledge of the measurement procedures and issues involved should be useful to designers and users of eye tracking systems.

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Safety Issues and Infrared Light

Assistive Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4422-9.ch055 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1062-1083

Author(s):

Fiona Mulvey ◽

Arantxa Villanueva ◽

David Sliney ◽

Robert Lange ◽

Michael Donegan

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Light Sources ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

Tracking Systems ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Test House ◽

Ir Light

Infrared light is the most common choice for illumination of the eye in current eye trackers, usually produced via IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This chapter provides an overview of the potential hazards of over-exposure to infrared light, the safety standards currently in place, configurations and lighting conditions employed by various eye tracking systems, the basics of measurement of IR light sources in eye trackers, and special considerations associated with continuous exposure in the case of gaze control for communication and disabled users. It should be emphasised that any eye tracker intended for production should undergo testing by qualified professionals at a recognised test house, in a controlled laboratory setting. However, some knowledge of the measurement procedures and issues involved should be useful to designers and users of eye tracking systems.

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A Case Report on Blood in Breastmilk: Safety Issues and Islamic Ruling

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v17i1.1006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

NA Jamani ◽

Hasbullah Mohamad

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Medical Safety ◽

Nursing Mother ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Nursing Mothers

This case study demonstrates a 33-year old nursing mother who had noticed that her breastmilk had traces of blood giving the appearance of a strawberry coloured milk while expressing for her infant. This is an uncommon encounter but important issue to raise concern among Muslim nursing mothers in terms of medical safety and Islamic ruling of the standpoint of legal theorists (usul al-fiqh) and legal maxim (qawai’id fiqhiyyah).

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Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Medical Safety Issues in the Older Woman

Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.1089/jwh.2010.2603 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 853-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yakir Segev ◽

Shlomit Riskin-Mashiah ◽

Ofer Lavie ◽

Ron Auslender

Keyword(s):

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Older Woman ◽

Medical Safety ◽

Safety Issues

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Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20200444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 2657-2667

Author(s):

Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽

John Y. Lin ◽

Erik A. Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Fluorescent Proteins ◽

Fluorescent Imaging ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Red Fluorescent Protein ◽

Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

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