Inisiasi Kampung Komplementer Untuk Optimalkan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak

The majority of mothers who have toddlers in Karangrejo Sub-Village, Karangnongko, Tirtomartani Village, Kalasan Subdistrict come to the baby shaman to massage the baby and provide herbs to increase appetite in her child. The public also does not have knowledge of complementary therapies to address mild health complaints without chemical drugs such as cupping, accupoint and herbal therapy. The purpose of community service is to initiate the formation of complementary villages in Karangrejo Sub-Village . The activities carried out are complementary cadre training, baby healthy food movement, toddler and breastfeeding, healthy toddler movement and healthy living community movement with the use of herbs. Monitoring and evaluation are carried out with assistance to motivate the sustainability of the program. The result achieved is (1) The partner has formed and has a complementary village manager; (2) The partners have complementary cadres (3) The partners have carried out complementary village activities, namely healthy food movements for infants, toddlers and nursing mothers, monitoring growth and healthy community movements with the use of herbal plants

Knowledge and practice of nursing mother`s regarding complementary feeding

Complementary feeding is the systemic process of introduction of semisolid or solid food in infant at the right time in addition to mother’s milk in order to provide needed nutrition to the baby. A cross sectional study was conducted from January to December, 2020 to assess the level of knowledge and practice of nursing mothers regarding complementary feeding. Total 177 nursing mother were selected purposively and interviewed with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Face to face interview was conducted to collect data. P-value less than 0.05 were set as statistically significant. The knowledge and practice score were categorized into good (≥70%), satisfactory (50 to 70%), and poor (≤50%). Out of 177 respondents, majority 109(61.6%) had satisfactory knowledge regarding complementary feeding, 33(18.6%) had good knowledge and rest of them 35(19.8%) had poor knowledge regarding complementary feeding among the nursing mother. On the other hand 62.7% respondents had poor Practices, 24.9% had satisfactory practices and 12.4% had good practices regarding complementary feeding among the nursing mothers. There was highly significant association between knowledge and practice of complementary feeding (p <.000). Nursing mother’s knowledge regarding complementary feeding time was inadequate and practices were inappropriate. . It is the responsibility of health professionals to pass on the current information about proper infant feeding to mothers/care takers for promoting the healthy complementary feeding of the breastfeed child.

Knowledge Relationship with Maternal Anxiety in Breastfeeding Babies during the Covid-19 Pandemic at UPTD Puskesmas Bawomataluo in 2021

Breast milk is the main food source for babies who contain a variety of vitamins, proteins, and fats. However, with the increase in the Covid-19 pandemic, many mothers do not breastfeed their babies, because they are worried that their babies will contract the Covid-19 virus. This is due to the lack of information obtained by mothers, that the Covid-19 virus cannot be transmitted through breast milk. This study aims to find out the relationship of knowledge with maternal anxiety in breastfeeding in infants during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of quantitative research with an analytical descriptive approach, conducted at UPTD Bawomataluo, November to December 2021. A population of 61 nursing mothers, a large determination of the total sampling sample. Univariate data analysis and bivariate analysis, Chi-Square test, a significant level of 0.05. The majority of respondents had less knowledge than 43 respondents (70.2%). The majority of respondents had a severe anxiety level of 31 respondents (50.8%). The results of bivariate analysis of knowledge relationship and anxiety level obtained value p-value = 0.000 < = 0.05. Concluded, it can be concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between the level of knowledge and anxiety levels of breastfeeding mothers in the Covid-19 pandemic.

Comprehensive Review: Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera Lam

: From ancient times, humans have depended on plants as a source of medicines. The interest in plants is as old as mankind itself. For novel agents to heal various disorders and improve health, the plant kingdom represents a rich store of folk traditional medicines and organic compounds. Various plants with medicinal properties are used as traditional medicines; M. oleifera Lam. (family Moringaceae) is one of them. M. oleifera Lam. drumstick tree is a tropical species known by various regional names as kelor, saguna, sahjan, sajiwan, sajna, Subhanjana, and suragavo. M. oleifera occurs naturally and is also cultivated throughout India. It is a small to medium-sized tree known as an admirable source of nutrition and a natural energy booster. Primary and secondary metabolites such as minerals, protein, vitamins, and various phenolic compounds are present in different parts of the plant. Most parts of this plant (bark, flowers, fruits, leaves, pods, roots, and seeds) show various pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-atherogenic, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, anti-fertility, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-pyretic, etc. M. oleifera has the potential to improve nutrition and to reduce malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing mothers as well as boost food security in developing countries.

Transfer of anti-alcoholic effect of Nux Vomica 200 cH through water from one group of toads to another under alcohol anesthesia

Background: A common practice is to give homeopathic medication to nursing mothers to treat their children, assuming that the drug will be conveyed by the milk. In the case of conventional treatment, the drug molecules are indeed passed on from the mother to her breastfed infant. However, high dilutions (HD) above 12 cH, i.e., over Avogadro’s number, are traditionally held to lack any molecule from the starting material. If that is the case, then, does medication taken by the mother actually reach the child? To answer to that question, we developed plant models and demonstrated the transfer of HD effects between 2 groups of plants. Aims: To demonstrate the transfer of HD effects in an animal model in a much shorter time. Methods: Two batches of toads were respectively placed in two beakers, one containing Nux vomica 200 cH diluted with water 1:500 (direct treatment), and the other the same amount of distilled water were connected by cotton thread soaked in water and encased in a polyethylene tube (connected group); a third batch of toads (control) were placed in a beaker with 90% ethanol diluted with distilled water 1:500; all the animals were left 30 minutes, and then transferred to 3 independent beakers containing 209 mM ethanol. Every 10 minutes, the motionless toads were removed from the beakers, and placed on supine position, failure to recover the upright position after 60 sec was considered as loss of the righting reflex (RR). The experiment was replicated using large adult toads. Results: The percentage of toads losing the RR increased with the time of exposure to 209 mM ethanol in the 3 groups of toads. Significant difference in the percentage distribution was found between the control and the direct treatment and connected groups on χ2 test (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively), whereby the latter required much longer time to lose the RR, and did not differed between them. In the experiment with large adult toads, the control group lost RR in 78 min, whereas the 2 treated groups did not lose RR even after 240 min. Conclusion: Nux-v 200 cH countered the hypnotic effect of alcohol in young toads, and this effect was transferred through capillary water in the cotton thread, supporting the transfer of the effect of homeopathic medication from mother to child.

Access and Utilisation of Child Nutrition Information by Mothers in Rural Delta State, Nigeria

Infant and Young Child nutrition information is an aspect of health that covers a wide range of issues, including what a child should consume, when, how, and under what circumstances. Although intake of nutritious food is essential for the physical, mental and psychological wellbeing of children, there exists gaps nutrition-related information in Nigeria. The paper examines mothers’ access to, and utilisation of, under-two child nutrition information in selected rural communities of Delta State. Findings reveal hygiene (94.1%) and exclusive breastfeeding (80.8%) as the most “always” accessed information, and breastfeeding-related messages constituting a half of all available messages to nursing mothers. Utilisation of child nutrition information is also high but modulated. While 70% of the information is utilised, feeding the child to full satisfaction before stopping (94.0%) is highest and breastfeeding for two years is the least (28.9%) utilised. However, access is incongruous with utilisation. Pearson Correlation Coefficient shows no significant relationship between information access and feeding patterns as the information accounted only for 7.3 percent of the adopted feeding methods. Implementation of child nutrition information is related to mothers’ sociodemographic background and sociocultural beliefs, which have implications for child health and development. The paper calls for a more inclusive approach to child nutrition information, education and intervention.

An assessment of nursing mothers’ and young people’s access to proprietary and patent medicine vendors’ services in rural communities of south-eastern Nigeria: implication for review of national drug policy

Background Patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) form part of the informal healthcare system and are the first point of call for 75% of Nigerians who live in rural and underserved areas where there is limited access to healthcare services. This group of healthcare providers are located close to communities and are easily accessible to the people. This study seeks to determine how PPMVs influence access to medicines among nursing mothers and young people and how this progresses South Eastern Nigeria towards universal health coverage. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a purposive sampling technique. Two slightly different pre-tested and validated 5-point Likert scale questionnaires were used to survey the nursing mothers and young people (18–20 years old). The questionnaire for nursing mothers assessed the perception regarding PPMV services and community access to medicines used for the treatment of childhood infections. The questionnaire for young people assessed the services rendered by the PPMVs including family planning, and major enablers/barriers towards to access to medicine. Results A total of 159 nursing mothers and 148 youths participated in the study. Up to 60% of both population had a minimum of secondary school qualification. About 90% of the nursing mothers were married and 88% were nursing babies from 1 to 12 months. Results show that the PPMVs were the first point of call for healthcare needs among the respondents and they are easily accessible and sell affordable medicines. The nursing mothers frequently treat their children’s cough with antibiotics with a mean rating (MNR) of 4.7 out of 5 points and most source these antibiotics from PPMV shops. Up to 90% of the nursing mothers reported that the children got well after the treatment. The drugs mostly purchased by the youths from the PPMVs included antimalarials (95%), analgesics (87.7%) and antibiotics (81.3%). Only 25.5% of the respondents purchased family planning commodities. Most of the respondents sought health care from PPMVs with a MNR of 3.4. Patronage of PPMVs for and usage of family planning products by the respondents had MNRs ranging from 1.4 to 1.8. Conclusion PPMVs are bridging the gap in healthcare delivery in the rural and underserved areas. Training of this group of practitioners and appropriate monitoring will go a long way in ensuring that the services they render are efficient, effective and improve the health indices in a low-income setting.

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex: The Psychoneurobiology of the Breastfeeding Experience

Breastfeeding, given its biochemical and physiological basis, is known for its many benefits for both the lactating mother and the infant. Among the many challenges new breastfeeding mothers experience is the feeling of aversion in response to their newborn's suckling which has been termed dysphoric milk-ejection reflex (D-MER). Characterized by intense feelings of dysphoria which may eventually interfere with the mother's ability to breastfeed regularly, evidence suggests both the neurobiological and psychological basis of D-MER in an attempt to explain its complexity. Biologically, breastfeeding is expressed by the intracerebral release of oxytocin, an increased expression of oxytocin receptors in specific brain regions, increased mesocorticolimbic reward region activation, the secretion of prolactin and possibly the inhibition of dopamine. Hence, different theories explain D-MER in terms of disrupted neurotransmitter and hormonal activity. Breastfeeding has also proven to influence mood and stress reactivity in nursing mothers with a potential link with postpartum depression. Psychological theories attempt to explain D-MER from a sociopsychosexual lense shedding light on the significance of mother-infant attachment, the sexualization of the female body and the motherhood experience as a developmental stage in a woman's lifespan. The aim of this review is to provide a literature update of D-MER incorporating both neurobiological and psychological theories calling for raising awareness about the complexity of breastfeeding and for the need for mother-centered interventions for the management of D-MER and other postpartum-specific conditions.

An Overview on Chemical Constituents, Medicinal Applications, Pharmacological Activity, Toxicology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Strobilus lupuli

Strobilus lupuli is the dried strobiles (inflorescences) of Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae). Other names of Strobilus lupuli include European hops, hoblon, hop vine, hopfen, and hops. Humulus lupulus L. is an important plant that contains metabolites used in the brewing and pharmaceutical fields. Strobilus lupuli is cultivated in Europe, Asia, and North America, occurring in the world's temperate areas. The analysis of Strobilus lupuli through chromatography analysis showed the presence of bitter substances and xanthohumol. The bitter substances in the resins are the major constituents of Strobilus lupuli, where these substances represent 15-25% of Strobilus lupuli constituents. Strobilus lupuli is applied as a sedative agent for the treatment of nervous tension and insomnia. Strobilus lupuli is applied in the treatment of dyspepsia and lack of appetite. Strobilus lupuli is applied to treat anemia, bacterial infections, abdominal cramps, dysmenorrhoea, leukorrhoea, dermatitis, diarrhea, migraine, and edema. The pharmacology activity of Strobilus lupuli includes experimental and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, central nervous system depressant, estrogenic and miscellaneous activities. The oral median lethal dose of ethanol extract of Strobilus lupuli in mice was found to be 500 mg/kg, while the oral median lethal dose of Strobilus lupuli in rats was 2700 mg/kg. No information is available on general precautions or on precautions concerning drug and laboratory test interactions. There is no teratogenic effect in pregnancy, or nursing mothers, or pediatric use of Strobilus lupuli. Strobilus lupuli powder dose = one dose of 0.5 g. Infusion or decoction dose = 0.5 g/ 150 ml water. Strobilus lupuli extract dose = 0.06-0.08g.