Finding Critical Thresholds for Defining Bursts

2011 ◽  
pp. 484-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibudh Lahiri ◽  
Ioannis Akrotirianakis ◽  
Fabian Moerchen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thresholds

scholarly journals Robustness of Cyber-Physical Supply Networks in Cascading Failures

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Dong Mu ◽  
Xiongping Yue ◽  
Huanyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Physical Node ◽  
Simulation Results

A cyber-physical supply network is composed of an undirected cyber supply network and a directed physical supply network. Such interdependence among firms increases efficiency but creates more vulnerabilities. The adverse effects of any failure can be amplified and propagated throughout the network. This paper aimed at investigating the robustness of the cyber-physical supply network against cascading failures. Considering that the cascading failure is triggered by overloading in the cyber supply network and is provoked by underload in the physical supply network, a realistic cascading model for cyber-physical supply networks is proposed. We conducted a numerical simulation under cyber node and physical node failure with varying parameters. The simulation results demonstrated that there are critical thresholds for both firm’s capacities, which can determine whether capacity expansion is helpful; there is also a cascade window for network load distribution, which can determine the cascading failures occurrence and scale. Our work may be beneficial for developing cascade control and defense strategies in cyber-physical supply networks.

scholarly journals Prioritizing conservation actions in urbanizing landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Ettinger ◽  
E. R. Buhle ◽  
B. E. Feist ◽  
E. Howe ◽  
J. A. Spromberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Preservation And Restoration

AbstractUrbanization-driven landscape changes are harmful to many species. Negative effects can be mitigated through habitat preservation and restoration, but it is often difficult to prioritize these conservation actions. This is due, in part, to the scarcity of species response data, which limit the predictive accuracy of modeling to estimate critical thresholds for biological decline and recovery. To address these challenges, we quantify effort required for restoration, in combination with a clear conservation objective and associated metric (e.g., habitat for focal organisms). We develop and apply this framework to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), a highly migratory and culturally iconic species in western North America that is particularly sensitive to urbanization. We examine how uncertainty in biological parameters may alter locations prioritized for conservation action and compare this to the effect of shifting to a different conservation metric (e.g., a different focal salmon species). Our approach prioritized suburban areas (those with intermediate urbanization effects) for preservation and restoration action to benefit coho. We found that prioritization was most sensitive to the selected metric, rather than the level of uncertainty or critical threshold values. Our analyses highlight the importance of identifying metrics that are well-aligned with intended outcomes.

Fire spreading experiments on heterogeneous fuel beds. Applications of percolation theory

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1318-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Nahmias ◽  
Hervé Téphany ◽  
José Duarte ◽  
Sophie Letaconnoux
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Directed Percolation ◽  
Final State ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fire Spreading

In the experimental work presented here, fire spread was studied through various laboratory and full-scale models containing different types of combustible and noncombustible materials. We have examined the dynamic behaviour of the flame front and the final state (after extinction) on randomly created heterogeneous zones, both with and without wind. The principal conclusion is that critical thresholds exist, for the ratio between combustible and noncombustible parts, at the transition between nonpropagation and propagation of the fire. This result is common to all types of spreading (with or without wind). The values of the critical thresholds in the nonwind-driven experiments are those of the percolation theory. The critical exponent, obtained for wind-driven experiments, is in accordance with current values suggested by the directed percolation approach.

Critical Thresholds for Cerebrovascular Reactivity After Traumatic Brain Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sorrentino ◽  
J. Diedler ◽  
M. Kasprowicz ◽  
K. P. Budohoski ◽  
C. Haubrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Critical Thresholds

Laser-induced fluorescence as a non-invasive tool to monitor laser-assisted thinning of aged varnish layers on paintings: fundamental issues and critical thresholds

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kokkinaki ◽  
Evdoxia Dimitroulaki ◽  
Kristalia Melessanaki ◽  
Demetrios Anglos ◽  
Paraskevi Pouli
Keyword(s):  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Non Invasive

To bloom or not to bloom: contrasting responses of cyanobacteria to recent heat waves explained by critical thresholds of abiotic drivers

Oecologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Huber ◽  
Carola Wagner ◽  
Dieter Gerten ◽  
Rita Adrian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
Critical Thresholds

Critical thresholds for landslides in Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil

2016 ◽  
pp. 1383-1388
Author(s):  
T Martins ◽  
M Ehrlich ◽  
W Lacerda ◽  
R D’Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Critical Thresholds

scholarly journals ‘Green incubation': avian offspring benefit from aromatic nest herbs through improved parental incubation behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1880) ◽  
pp. 20180376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Gwinner ◽  
Pablo Capilla-Lasheras ◽  
Caren Cooper ◽  
Barbara Helm
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Nest Attendance ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Offspring Fitness ◽  
Incubation Behaviour ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Aromatic Herbs ◽  
Study Species

Development of avian embryos requires thermal energy, usually from parents. Parents may, however, trade off catering for embryonic requirements against their own need to forage through intermittent incubation. This dynamically adjusted behaviour can be affected by properties of the nest. Here, we experimentally show a novel mechanism by which parents, through incorporation of aromatic herbs into nests, effectively modify their incubation behaviour to the benefit of their offspring. Our study species, the European starling, includes in its nest aromatic herbs which promote offspring fitness. We provided wild starlings with artificial nests including or excluding the typically selected fresh herbs and found strong support for our prediction of facilitated incubation. Herb effects were not explained by thermal changes of the nests per se , but by modified parental behaviours. Egg temperatures and nest attendance were higher in herb than herbless nests, egg temperatures dropped less frequently below critical thresholds and parents started their active day earlier. These effects were dynamic over time and particularly strong during early incubation. Incubation period was shorter in herb nests, and nestlings were heavier one week after hatching. Aromatic herbs hence influenced incubation in beneficial ways for offspring, possibly through pharmacological effects on incubating parents.

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