scholarly journals Robustness of Cyber-Physical Supply Networks in Cascading Failures

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Dong Mu ◽  
Xiongping Yue ◽  
Huanyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Physical Node ◽  
Simulation Results

A cyber-physical supply network is composed of an undirected cyber supply network and a directed physical supply network. Such interdependence among firms increases efficiency but creates more vulnerabilities. The adverse effects of any failure can be amplified and propagated throughout the network. This paper aimed at investigating the robustness of the cyber-physical supply network against cascading failures. Considering that the cascading failure is triggered by overloading in the cyber supply network and is provoked by underload in the physical supply network, a realistic cascading model for cyber-physical supply networks is proposed. We conducted a numerical simulation under cyber node and physical node failure with varying parameters. The simulation results demonstrated that there are critical thresholds for both firm’s capacities, which can determine whether capacity expansion is helpful; there is also a cascade window for network load distribution, which can determine the cascading failures occurrence and scale. Our work may be beneficial for developing cascade control and defense strategies in cyber-physical supply networks.

A Cascading Invulnerability Analysis for Multi-Layered Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 846-847 ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhao Peng ◽  
Bi Yue Li ◽  
Hong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
Coupled Map Lattices ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Layered Networks ◽  
Simulation Results

A cascading failure model for multi-layered networks is established using the Coupled Map Lattices (CML) method, the invulnerability of multi-layered network under random attacks and intentional attacks is investigated. The simulation results show that compared with isolated networks, multi-layered networks are more fragile and dont exhibit the invulnerability to suppress cascading failures under random attacks. Furthermore, we find that decreasing the inter-layer coupling strength or enhancing the inner-layer coupling strength can significantly improve the invulnerability of the multi-layered networks to resist cascading failures.

ORIGIN OF THE STRONGER ROBUSTNESS AGAINST CASCADING FAILURES OF COMPLEX NETWORKS: A MITIGATION STRATEGY PERSPECTIVE

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350023 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANWEI WANG
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Initial Load

Cascading failures can occur in many infrastructure networks. How to protect these networks and improve their robustness against cascading failures has been of great interest. To this end, considering that there exist some monitoring and protection measures in these networks, we propose a new mitigation strategy and investigate its effectiveness on improving the robustness level against cascading failures in Barabáasi-Albert (BA) networks and the power grid. We numerically observe that only by once adopting this strategy the robustness of BA networks and the power grid can be improved dramatically. We additionally find that BA networks and the power grid can reach the strongest robustness against cascading failures in the case of the specific value of the parameter α, which controls the strength of the initial load on a node. And we obtain the correlation between the load distribution and the effectiveness of the mitigation strategy. Our findings can well explain the origin of the stronger robustness against cascading failures of complex networks and may be very useful for guiding the improvement robustness of infrastructure networks and avoiding various cascading-failure-induced disasters in the real world.

Mitigating Cascading Failure with Adaptive Networking

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Anh Q. Tran ◽  
Akira Namatame
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Failure Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Average Size

The increase of a network connectivity may improve network performance, but at the same time, it may also increase the chance of extremely large risk contagion. If external shocks or excess loads at some agents are propagated to the other connected agents due to failure, the domino effects often come with disastrous consequences. How to prevent cascading failures due to external shocks is an important emerging issue. In this paper, we propose mechanisms of mitigating flow-based cascading failure. Our aim is to improve the network's resilience actively and topologically. In the scenario of how to increase cascade resilience actively, we provide a simple micro-foundation based on coordinated incentives to absorb external shocks in order to survive collectively. We propose two types of risk sharing protocols: The topology-based and non-topology-based risk sharing in which network topology plays an important role. These rules employ local sharing algorithms to achieve global shock balancing. The models of shock transfer are designed to investigate some stylized facts on how external or innate shocks tend to be allocated in a network, and how this allocation changes agents' failure probability. In the scenario of how to increase cascade resilience topologically, we provide a rewiring method in which a network is self-organizable to reduce the damage of cascading failure. Simulation results indicate that risk management and adaptive network may dramatically reduce the average size of large cascading failures.

scholarly journals Network isolators inhibit failure spreading in complex networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Kaiser ◽  
Vito Latora ◽  
Dirk Witthaut
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Transmission ◽  
Complete Collapse

AbstractIn our daily lives, we rely on the proper functioning of supply networks, from power grids to water transmission systems. A single failure in these critical infrastructures can lead to a complete collapse through a cascading failure mechanism. Counteracting strategies are thus heavily sought after. In this article, we introduce a general framework to analyse the spreading of failures in complex networks and demostrate that not only decreasing but also increasing the connectivity of the network can be an effective method to contain damages. We rigorously prove the existence of certain subgraphs, called network isolators, that can completely inhibit any failure spreading, and we show how to create such isolators in synthetic and real-world networks. The addition of selected links can thus prevent large scale outages as demonstrated for power transmission grids.

Architecting Fail-Safe Supply Networks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Rezapour ◽  
Ramakrishnan S. Srinivasan ◽  
Jeffrey Tew ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Service Level ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Flow Dynamic ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Uncertainty Sources ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Stochastic Events ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
The Impact

A fail-safe network is one that mitigates the impact of different uncertainty sources and provides the most profitable level of service. This is achieved by having 1) a structurally fail-safe topology against rare but high magnitude stochastic events called disruptions and 2) an operationally fail-safe flow dynamic against frequent but low magnitude stochastic events called variations. A structurally fail-safe network should be robust and resilient against disruptions. Robustness and resilience respectively determine how well and how quickly disruptions are handled by the SN. Flow planning must be reliable in an operationally fail-safe supply network against variations to provide the most profitable service level to customers. We formulate the problem of designing/redesigning fail-safe supply networks as a compromise Decision Support Problem. We analyze the correlations among robustness, resilience, and profit for supply networks and propose a method for supply network managers to use when they need to find a compromise among robustness, resilience, and profit.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Vulnerability Assessment of Transmission Lines Considering Cascading Failures

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Yanchen Liu ◽  
Minfang Peng ◽  
Xingle Gao ◽  
Haiyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Systems Research

The prevention of cascading failures and large-scale power outages of power grids by identifying weak links has become one of the key topics in power systems research. In this paper, a vulnerability radius index is proposed to identify the initial fault, and a fault chain model of cascading failure is developed with probabilistic attributes to identify the set of fault chains that have a significant impact on the safe and stable operation of power grids. On this basis, a method for evaluating the vulnerability of transmission lines based on a multi-criteria decision analysis is proposed, which can quickly identify critical transmission lines in the process of cascading failure. Finally, the proposed model and method for identifying vulnerable lines during the cascading failure process is demonstrated on the IEEE-118 bus system.

Robust Logistics

2030 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger van Santen ◽  
Djan Khoe ◽  
Bram Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
The Web

Our lives seem to revolve around schedules. If we don’t honor them with second-to-second precision, we miss our trains and our workplace rosters fall apart. We’re reliant on one another, and we constantly have to coordinate our schedules with those of others. Planning is crucial to our industry, too. If you unexpectedly run out of nuts and bolts, you can’t make any more cars, and the entire production process grinds to a halt. No manufacturer can afford that, so industrial companies employ large teams of specialists whose job is to ensure there are never any shortages of key parts. A worldwide logistic network has become our industry’s lifeblood. The central issue facing logistics is that of reliability. How do you keep your supply network intact? And how do you limit the consequences if it fails? These are questions that go far beyond the supply of nuts and bolts for new cars. Reliable logistics touches equally on the web of interactions that determine food production and the optimization of the Internet. It also extends to power supply, telecommunications, and workforce. Reliable networks make our society tick. But they face uncertainties of various kinds. That lends a broader significance to insights gained from industrial logistics, which offer us tools we can use to optimize networks and account for uncertainties in other areas as well. The reliability of a supply network is intimately bound up with the inventories you need to maintain. Businesses hold millions of dollars’ worth of supplies in their warehouses to make absolutely certain they never cease production due to a failure in the supply chain. So the key question is how large a stock do you need to hold of each component? Smart planning to hold down inventory levels in your warehouse generates immediate savings. On the other hand, you need enough stock to ensure continuity should anything go wrong. Optimizing storage is a common problem in supply networks. There is always a trade-off between the reliability of the network and the need for it to be profitable in an economic sense.

Structuring and Managing Supply Network

2016 ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Risk And Crisis Management ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Business Practitioners ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Emerging Topics

The concept of supply network has extended supply chain across national borders towards globalization. The aim of this chapter is to provide researchers, business practitioners and university students a picture of the architecture of supply networks. By analyzing two main trends of studies in the field of supply network management, components of supply network are classified into structural and infrastructural factors. Also a comparison is made to identify the difference between supply network and traditionally factory-based manufacturing system. Based on the literature review, a conceptual framework is further proposed which describes the supply network from four essential perspectives: Role/function, Relationship/alliance, Configuration/reconfiguration, and Risk and crisis management. After presenting detailed models and decision making areas of each perspective, suggestions are given on some emerging topics.

scholarly journals Simulation of water supply networks using modern means of information technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00076
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kotowski ◽  
Jacek Oko ◽  
Monika Żygadło
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Networks

We present in turn the development of computer technology from the beginning of its creation on our planet. Then we discuss the development of information technology at our university. At the end, we present a selected technical problem which is the task of simulation of the water supply network. We present mathematical models of these issues and algorithms for their solutions requiring the use of a computer.

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